Objective To study the expression of CD44v6 and CD44s in bladder transitional cell carcinomas. Methods: The immunohistochemical staining of monoclonsl antibodies CD44v6 and CD44s were operated in 79 bladder transitional cell carinomas. Results (1) A strong expression of CD44v6 and CD44s were observed in atypical proliferation cells of bladder caricnoma in situ. (2) CD44v6 and CD44s expressed in recurrent I or Ⅱ grade transitional cell carcinomas were 90%(18/20) and 40%(8/20). (3) The positive expression rates of CD44v6 and CD44s were 43. 1%(31/72) and 13. 9%(10/72)in invasive transitional cell carcinomas; moreover, the expression of CD44v6 reduced with the poor differentiation and the deeply invasive growth of transitional eell carcinomas. Conclusion The investigation results suggested that CD44v6 played a role in the formation and recurrence of the bladder transitional cell carcinomas, but the reduced expression of CD44v6 probably related with the poor differentiation and invasive growth of the bladder transitional cell carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the in vitro dissolution of nimesulide by preparing nimesulide solid dispersion with hot melt extrusion (HME) technology. METHODS: Using PVP-VA64, PVP K30 or PVA-PEG (Kollicoat IR) as hydrophilic carrier, nimesulide solid dispersion was prepared by hot melt extrusion and characterized by drug dissolution, DSC, XRD and FTIR. RESULTS: Nimesulide exhibited rapid in vitro dissolution from the solid dispersion using PVP-VA64 as carrier. The cumulative release rate was 81% in 10 min, much faster than its physical mixture (only 37% in 1 h). The results of DSC and FTIR showed that nimesulide was amorphously dispersed in the carrier. CONCLUSION: Hot melt extrusion technology is suitable for preparing nimesulide-PVP-VA64 solid dispersion, which can significantly increase drug dissolution.

No abstract available.
Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary*

Sixty amputees who had traumatic amputations due to industrial accidents were examined on their phantom limb and phantom pain phenomena and the following results were obtained. 1. Fifty-three (93%) of sixty amputees experienced phantom limb and twenty-four (40%) experienced phantom pain. The incidence of phantom pain in the lower limb amputation (59%) is greater than that of upper limb amputation (29%). 2. Amputees with asthenic body status gave higher incidence (56%) of phantom pain than those with muscular body status (20%). None of amputees with obese body status experienced phantom pain. 3. The sensation of strong current and cramping were most predominant sensations in the phantom pain. 4. Twenty-eight (93%) of thirty amputees had experienced painless phantom limb longer than four months. 5. Six (55%) of eleven upper limb amputees with phantom pain experienced pain sensation at the tips of fingers and nine (69%) of thirteen lower limb amputees with phantom pain experienced pain at the great toe. 6. Fifty-three (88%) of sixty amputees experienced telescoping of the lost limb and twenty-three (38%) of sixty amputees experienced jerking movement of the stump. 7. In fifty-four (90%) of sixty amputees, trigger zones triggering pain in the phantom limb were found in the healthy part of the body. 8. Twenty-two (40%) of fifty-five male amputees experienced burning sensation in the phantom limb associated with urination, defecation or ejaculation. 9. Cold temperature was predominant, aggrevating factor of the phantom pain. Fitting prosthesis and alcohol intake were predominant, relieving factor of the phantom pain.
Accidents, Occupational ; Amputation ; Amputation, Traumatic ; Amputees ; Burns ; Cold Temperature ; Defecation ; Ejaculation ; Extremities ; Fingers ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle Cramp ; Phantom Limb ; Prostheses and Implants ; Sensation ; Toes ; Upper Extremity ; Urination

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of saikosaponins-b2 (SS-b2) on the migration of HepG2 cells, and to explore its potential molecular mechanism. METHODS: The effect of SS-b2 on the viability of HepG2 cells was detected by MTT method before the cells were divided into normal control group, SS-b2 (15, 30 and 60 mg·L-1) groups and positive control [doxorubicin (DOX) 2 mg·L-1] group according to the results of MTT. Wound-healing assay was performed to observe the influence of SS-b2 on the migration of HepG2 cells. The protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, hypoxia inducible factor-lot (HIF-1α) and the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in HepG2 cells were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: The wound-healing rate was 74.71%, 72.50% and 66.82% after treatment with SS-b2 15, 30 and 60 mg·L-1for 48 h, respectively. The wound-healing rate decreased significantly with the increae of SS-b2 doses. Compared with the normal control group, the wound-healing rate of SS-b2 30 and 60 mg·L-1was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α in HepG2 cells were significantly decreased in SS-b2 groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). SS-b2 60 mg·L-1could reduce the protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 significantly (P< 0.05, P<0.01). The positive control group could significantly reduce the expressions of the above four proteins and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the positive control group, the protein expressions of VEGF and MMP-2 were significantly down-regulated in 60 mg·L-1SS-b2 group (PO.05, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α between SS-b2 groups and the positive control group. However, the down-regulation effect of SS-b2 on MMP-9 protein expression was not so significant as in the positive control group (P<0.01). The effect of SS-b2 60 mg·L-1on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was similar to that of the positive control group. CONCLUSION: SS-b2 can inhibit the migration of HepG2 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of angiogenesis-related proteins.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of local anesthesia in tension-free herniorrhaphy, using prosthetic mesh, and to directly compare PHS(R) and Perfix(R) herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia. METHODS: Patients with a groin hernia, who underwent tension-free herniorrhaphy (n = 107) under local anesthesia between March 2003 and February 2006, were included. PHS(R) (n = 63) and Perfix(R) (n = 44) meshes were randomly used, with no difference between the PHS(R) and Perfix(R) groups in relation to mean age, gender, number of combined diseases, body mass index (BMI), recurred hernia and types of hernia. RESULTS: Intraoperative analgesics and/or sedatives were used in 55 patients (51.4 %) where local anesthesia was insufficient. In a univariate analysis, the additional use of intraoperative analgesics and/or sedatives was related to the patient's age and BMI. The patients at an older age and with a lower BMI were more tolerant to local anesthesia. However, only the BMI was found to be a statistically significant factor from the multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference between the PHS(R) and Perfix(R) groups on the additional use of intraoperative analgesics and/or sedatives, the use of postoperative analgesics, length of hospital stay, complication and recurrence (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: With tension-free herniorrhaphy using the PHS(R) or Perfix(R) mesh, local anesthesia was acceptable and securable, regardless of the mesh type used. Among these patients, those at an older age and with a lower BMI were more tolerant to local anesthesia.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia, Local* ; Body Mass Index ; Groin ; Hernia ; Herniorrhaphy* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Length of Stay ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVETo isolate and elucidate the constituents from stem of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao.

METHODThe constituents were extracted with methanol and isolated by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS. The structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis.

RESULTSeven compounds were identified as 2-hydroxy-7-methyl-9, 10-anthraquinone (1), 2-methyl-9, 10-anthraquinone (tectoquinone) (2), ursolic acid (3), vanillic acid (4), beta-sitosteryl-D-glucoside-6'-palmitate (5), beta-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 were isolated for the first time from the family Gesneriaceae, compounds 4 and 6 were isolated for the first time from the genus Chirita, and compound 7 was isolated for the frist time from Chirita longgangensis var.

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous vertebroplasty has recently been introduced as an interesting therapeutic alternative for the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral body fractures in elderly persons with osteoporosis. The authors present the early results of this method. METHOD AND MATERIAL: From July 1999 to April 2000, percutaneous transpedicular technique was used in 20 patients (2 men and 18 women) whose mean age was 67.5 years old(range 59-79) with painful vertebral compression(22) and burst(2) fractures. The interval between fracture and vertebroplasty ranged 1 day to 4 months. The procedure involved percutaneous puncture of the injured vertebra via transpedicular approach under fluoroscopic guidance, followed by injection of polymethylmetacrylate(PMMA) into the vertebral body through a disposable 11-guage Jamshidi needle. RESULT: The most common cause of fracture was slip down and the most frequent injured level was the twelfth thoracic spine. The procedure was technically successful bilaterally in 18 patients(9 thoracic and 15 lumbar spines) with an average injection amount of 7.7ml PMMA in each level. Seventeen(94.4%) patients reported significant pain relief immediately after treatment. Two leaks of PMMA were detected with postoperative CT in spinal epidural space and extravertebral soft tissue without clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: Although this study represents the early results, percutaneous vertebroplasty seems to be valuable tool in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral body fractures in elderly, providing acute pain relief and early mobilization.
Acute Pain ; Aged ; Early Ambulation ; Epidural Space ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Male ; Needles ; Osteoporosis ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Punctures ; Spine ; Vertebroplasty*

Trichoderma harziaiarum plays a role of antagonic ability to pathogenic micr obes and of inducing plant to produce a resistivity of disease. In this paper, afte r the rice was sprinkled by zymolytic liquid of Trichoderma harziaiarum, the changes on the activities and isoenzymes of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and pe roxidase (POD) were investigated. The results indicated that Trichoderma harz iarum could increase the activities of PPO and POD and produce new pattern of isoe nzymes; the different concentration of zymotic liquid had a different effects on the PPO and POD that were caused by the liquid; the 50 times diluted liquid had a greatly positive relation to the POD activity; and the higher concentration o f the liquid had a tendency that made the PPO activity inhibition and then incre ase, which denoted that the liquid took a scheduled adjustment play of the PPO a ctivity.

The muttagenic H-13 strain which was injected by ionic beam and screened from Trichoderma hamzlaiarum, can promote the growth of rice remarkably. In the experiment, we use zymolytic liquid of H-13 strain sprinkle on the seedling of rice, and determine nitrate reductase activity and N, P, K content. The results suggest that the effect of promoting plant growth of the strain has a relation to the enhance of nitrate reductase activity and the increase of N, P and K absorption.