OBJECTIVE: To discuss the working pattern and key points for pharmacists to carry out pharmaceutical care.METHODS: The working contents and working pattern of pharmacists were summarized by reviewing the experience of pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical care in certain departments in our hospital. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: To carry out clinical pharmaceutical care service,clinical pharmacists should actively participating in clinical work by giving monitoring on prescriptions,drug interaction,ADR and nutritional support,and communication with patients etc.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance situation of clinical isolated bacteria in our hospital to provide the basis for rational selection of antibacterial drugs in clinic .Methods The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the clinical sepcimens in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 were performed the idenitification and drug susceptibility test by a‐dopting the the bioMerieux VITEK‐2 compact automatic bacterial analyzer .The detection results were judged according to the standard of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) .The WHONET5 .6 software was used for conducting the statisti‐cal analysis .Results 2 274 strains were isolated during 2012-2013 ,in which 1986 strains (72 .4% ) were Gram‐negative bacteria , 675 strains(24 .6% )were Gram‐positive bacteria and 94 ccases(3 .0 % ) were fungi .The top 3 of Gram‐negative bacteria were Esch‐erichia coli(694 strains ,25 .3% ) ,Klebsiella pneumoniae (303 strains ,11 .0% ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (266 strains ,9 .7 % ) respectivley .The top 3 of Gram‐‐positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (184 strians ,.6 .7% ) ,coagulase negative staphylococ‐cus(146 strains ,5 .3% )and enterococcus faecium (119 strians ,4 .3% ) .The respiratory tract infection ,urinary tract infection and blood infection were predominant .The detection rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 45 .7% ,while which of methicillin‐resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) was 84 .6% .MRSA showed the multiple resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides antibcatieral drugs ,the resistance rate> 90 .00% ,but resistance rate macrolide antibiotic was<50 .0% ;no vancomycin‐and linezolid‐resistant Staphylococcus was found ;the resistance rate of enterococcus faecium to vancomy‐cin was 1 .7% and no linezolid‐resistant enterococcus faecium was detected .The detection rates of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing K .pneumoniae and E .coli were 65 .2% and 39 .9% respectively ,and which of E .coli and K .pneumoniae to imipenem were 0% and 6 .3% respectively .The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to commonly used antibacterial drugs was more than 50% .The resistant rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa to common antipseudomonal drugs was <40 .0% .Conclusion The drug resistance phenomena of pathogenic bacteria isolated from our hospital is relatively universal ,especially multi‐drug resistant non‐fer‐mentative bacteria ;the enzyme‐producing mechanism leads to increase the detection rate of multi‐antibacterial resistant Enterobacte‐riaceae bacteria ,which causes the enormous difficulty for clinical anti‐infection therapy .Conducting the bacterial drug‐resistance mo‐nitoring has an important significance for guiding clinically rational drug use ,reducing the nosocomial infection rate and controlling the bacterial drug resistance .

Objective To establish the molecular weight distribution of Ganlong capsule by HPSEC the content of the peptide determined by Lowry and Methods The superdex peptide 10/300 GL (10 mm ×300 mm) column was used.The pH=6.0 and phosphate buffer of 0.05 mol/L was used as the mobile phase, containing 0.1 mol/L NaCl.The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min;The column temperature was 25℃;The detection wavelength was 214 nm.Results The content of the peptide ranged from 0.08 mg to 0.4 mg ( r =0.9996 ) .The RSDs of measurement precision of molecular weight and content were 0.08% and 0%(n=6), respectively.The RSDs of the repeatability were 1.3% and 1.1%(n=6);The regression equation of standard material was logMr =5.1455 -0.0871tR, r =0.9983,the relative molecular weight ranged from 2.68 ×102 Da ~5.73 ×103 Da(r =0.9983). Conclusion on The method is simple and rapid for determining the peptide content and the molecular weight distribution of Ganlong capsule.It can be used quality control method for Ganlong capsule.

NHL proteins, which play important roles in regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, have been extensively studied on mammals. Here, we cloned a member of NHL protein family namely BmBrat in silkworm. The full-length cDNA sequence of BmB rat was obtained by means of the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), including 3 614 bp. The ORF is 2 580 bp long, encoding a protein with 859 amino acid residues. The molecular weight is 94.3 kDa and the isoeledtric point (pI) is 6.65. The BmBrat expression profile was detected by RT-PCR at L5D3 larval stage, and it was expressed in all tissues, including silk gland, midgut, fat body and malpighian tubule. However, it was highly expressed in ovary and head. The expression profile was also detected at different stage of embryo development, and reached a peak at the 4th and 5th days of the embryonic period. Anti-BmBrat polyclonal antibody was generated f6llowing prokaryotic expression, protein purification and mice immunization, which is highly specific and effective for recognizing BmBrat protein through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Subcellular localization of BmBrat in hemocytes revealed that it was specifically expressed in cytoplasm. This study provides a foundation for further research of the biological function of BmBrat gene.
Animals ; Bombyx ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Insect Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Larva ; Mice

Objective To investigate the hepatocyte targeted specific property of galactosylated chitosan-graft-polyethyleneimine (GC-PEI)/DNA complexes in vitro and in vivo.Methods With the plasmid expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-C1) as the reporter gene,the formation of GC-PEI/DNA complexes was induced to self-assemble in 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffered saline(PBS),150 mmol/L NaCl,or 5% glucose solution (GS).The complexes were characterized by the particle size,Zeta potential,DNA binding and protection capacity,and further tested for cytotoxicity and hepatocyte targeted degradation of DNaseⅠand the serum,which presented as a well-formed sphere or compacted nucleocapsid structure at a diameter of 50-200 nm.The GC-PEI copolymer showed no obvious toxicity in the tested cell lines.Acute toxicity assay revealed that the mice grew well in 2 weeks with GC-PEI dosage from 50 to 300 μg.The assay by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscope showed that the transfection efficiency in hepatocyte lines (L02,QSG7701/core) was higher than that in non-hepatocyte lines (SGC7901,HBE) in vitro.In vivo,the GFP was obviously expressed in the liver tissue and not expressed in other organs 48 h after the transfection.Conclusion GC-PEI copolymer may carry the exogenous gene specifically to hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo,which has very good liver targeted specific property.

Introduction: Poverty is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB); it increases the risk of infection and active disease but limits diagnostic opportunities. The role of poverty in the stagnant case detection in Cambodia is unclear. This study aims to assess the relationship between district household poverty rates and sputum-positive TB case notification rates (CNRs) in Cambodia in 2010. Methods: Poisson regression models were used to calculate the relative risk of new sputum-positive TB CNR for Operational Districts (ODs) with different poverty rates using data from the National Centre for Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control and the National Committee for SubNational Democratic Development. Models were adjusted for other major covariates and a geographical information system was used to examine the spatial distribution of these covariates in the country. Results: The univariate model showed a positive association between household poverty rates and sputum-positive TB CNRs. However, in multivariate models, after adjusting for major covariates, household poverty rates showed a significantly negative association with sputum-positive TB CNRs (relative risk [RR] = 0.95 per 5% increase in poverty rate). The negative association was stronger among males than females (RR = 0.93 versus 0.96 per 5% increase in poverty rate). Similar spatial patterns were observed between household poverty rates and other covariates, particularly OD population density. Conclusion: Household poverty rate is associated with a decrease in sputum-positive TB CNR in Cambodia, particularly in men. The potential of combining surveillance data and socioeconomic variables should be explored further to provide more insights for TB control programme planning.

Objective To investigate the association of the LIPC-C480T (rs1800588) and lipid levels and dyslipidemia in different age-and-sex groups in Han Chinese population.Methods The serum TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer in 2420 health adults (1527 men and 893 women).The genotypes of rs1800588 were detected by M ALDI-TOF MS.According to the age difference (≤44,45-59 and ≥60-year-old),the total samples were divided to young (241 men and 201 women),middle-aged (652 men and 360 women) and older (634 men and 332 women) groups.The effects of genotypes on 4 serum lipid indicators in each age-and-gender group were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA),and the odd risk of genotypes on dyslipidemia was estimated by binary Logistic regression analysis.The P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The frequence of allele T for LIPC rs1800588 in this population is 39.4％.In each age group the lipid parameters are quite different between males and females.Compared with those with CC genotype,middle-aged and elder men with CT or TT genotype have higher TC and HDL-C levels,and elder men with TT genotype also have higher TC level ; young women bearing CT genotype have higher TC level,and the CT and TT genotypes have higher HDL-C levels,middle aged women with CT or TT genotype have higher TC and TG levels,and CT genotype also have higher HDL-C level,the elder women with TT genotype have higher HDL-C level.Compared with those CC genotype individuals,the risk for mixed hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia increases 2.318 folds (P =0.004) and 2.571 folds (P ＜ 0.001) respectively,while the risk for low HDL-C decreases 1.908 folds (P =0.029) for TT genotypes individuals among elder males; the hypercholesterolemia risk increasc 1.688 (P =0.036) and 2.099 times (P =0.040) in CT and TT genotypes respectively,and the risks for hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia are 2.060 (P =0.038) and 2.381 (P =0.019) times higher than those with CC genotype among middle-aged females.Conclusions The LIPC rs1800588 site associates with the lipid levels and dyslipidmia risk in Han Chinese in an age-and-sex model.This SNP site has higher impact on lipid levels and dyslipidemia among elder males and middle-aged females,and the T allele is the risk factor.

Objective In order to know the effect of heating infusion for premature infants to pro-mote their restoration of physiological function. Methods Divided 160 premature infants who need infu-sion into the experimental group and the control group randomly, there were 80 cases in each group. Normal temperature infusion was used in the control group, while heating infusion was used in the experimental group, compared the body temperature, pluse, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and the blood ghcose between the two groups. Results There were significant difference about the indexes which had mentioned above between the two groups. Conclusions Heating infusion can effective promote the reha-bilitation of physiological function of premature infants.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic efficacy and treatment related toxicities for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy. Methods From January 2007 to February 2008, 181 patients with stage ⅡA-ⅣA cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with CT-based three-dimensional external beam and 192Ir intracavity radiotherapy combined with concurrent weekly cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The median age was 50 years (range, 32 to 82 years). The overall survival ( OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) rates were calcalated by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference was compared using Log-rank test. The treatment related toxicities were evaluated according to Radiotherapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria. Results With a median follow-up time of 34 months and following rate of 92. 2%, the 3-year OS, DFS and LC rates were 73.4%, 70. 4% and 91.3%,respectively. The 3-year OS rate was 66. 9% for patients with tumor diameter ≥4 cm and 86. 4% for those with tumor diameter ＜4 cm( χ2 =6. 29 ,P =0. 012). The incidences of grade 1 and grade 2 acute toxicities of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary system were 40. 0% ,45.0% and 19. 9% ,4. 4%,retrospectively. There were no grade 3 or more acute toxicities. The incidence of grades 3 or 4 late toxicities of the lower gastrointestinal tract was 4. 9%. Conclusions CT-based three-dimensional external beam and 192Ir intracavity radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy can achieve good therapeutic effects for locally advanced cervical cancer. The acute and late toxicities are significantly reduced compared with historic controls as a result of incorporation of 3DCRT technique.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and safety of retention enema with compound glutamine entero-soluble Capsule (CGC) on active ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-eight patients with active UC were randomly assigned to the treatment group (86 patients) and the control group (82 patients). Besides the basic treatment of oral taking salicylazosulfapyridine or mesalazine, they were treated by retention enema with predisolone plus metronidazole injection. In addition, the patients in the treatment group were treated by retention enima with GGC and orally took CGC, 0.8 g each time, thrice a day. The efficacy of treatment and the changes in the principal symptoms 2 months after treatment were evaluated.

RESULTSThe total effective rate in the treatment group was 94.2% (81/86 cases), and that in the control group was 82.9% (68/82 cases), the difference between the two groups was significant (P <0. 05). The symptoms of hemafecia and abdominal pain were improved, the disease active index (DAI) was lowered after treatment in both groups (P <0.01), but the improvement of hemafecia, time of disappearance of mucous bloody stool and decrease of DAI in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). No adverse reaction was found in all patients.

CONCLUSIONThe retention enema with glucocorticoid plus metronidazole combined with CGC shows an immediate effect obviously superior to that treated with glucocorticoids and metronidazole alone, and with no adverse reaction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Capsules ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Enema ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Glutamine ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult