No abstract available.
Breast* ; Cutaneous Fistula*

PURPOSE: Women with large breasts suffer from both physical embarrassment and physical discomfort. Recently, partially due to socioeconomic development, growing numbers of woman with large breasts have sought reduction surgery, which previously had not been popular in Korea. At this time, a proper evaluation of the operation is required in order to promote the procedure. METHODS: Case files of 60 reduction operations using the inferior pedicle flap method for the reduction of large breasts were clinically reviewed. RESULTS: The patients were aged 19~65 (mean 34.5) years. The primary reasons for surgery were self-consciousness, shoulder/neck/back pain, wet skinfold/eczema and intractable mastalgia. Breast parenchymal pattern analysis by mammography revealed relatively a high frequency of dysplastic change (DY) among women with intractable breast pain, which was nearly entirely relieved by reduction surgery. The nipple-areolar complex were saved with inferior dermal pedicle flaps without any occurrence of necrosis. An average of 350 (range 50~800) grams of tissue from each breast was removed. There were no blood transfusions and significant postoperative complications were rare, although some patients complained of hypertrophic scars. CONCLUSION: Postoperative results were sufficiently satifactory to consider reduction surgery for inappropriately large breasts as a rehabilitative method.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Liver* ; Mortality*

PURPOSE: Women with large breasts suffer from both physical embarrassment and physical discomfort. Recently, partially due to socioeconomic development, growing numbers of woman with large breasts have sought reduction surgery, which previously had not been popular in Korea. At this time, a proper evaluation of the operation is required in order to promote the procedure. METHODS: Case files of 60 reduction operations using the inferior pedicle flap method for the reduction of large breasts were clinically reviewed. RESULTS: The patients were aged 19~65 (mean 34.5) years. The primary reasons for surgery were self-consciousness, shoulder/neck/back pain, wet skinfold/eczema and intractable mastalgia. Breast parenchymal pattern analysis by mammography revealed relatively a high frequency of dysplastic change (DY) among women with intractable breast pain, which was nearly entirely relieved by reduction surgery. The nipple-areolar complex were saved with inferior dermal pedicle flaps without any occurrence of necrosis. An average of 350 (range 50~800) grams of tissue from each breast was removed. There were no blood transfusions and significant postoperative complications were rare, although some patients complained of hypertrophic scars. CONCLUSION: Postoperative results were sufficiently satifactory to consider reduction surgery for inappropriately large breasts as a rehabilitative method.
Blood Transfusion ; Breast* ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography ; Mastodynia ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications

PURPOSE: Women with large breasts suffer from both physical embarrassment and physical discomfort. Recently, partially due to socioeconomic development, growing numbers of woman with large breasts have sought reduction surgery, which previously had not been popular in Korea. At this time, a proper evaluation of the operation is required in order to promote the procedure. METHODS: Case files of 60 reduction operations using the inferior pedicle flap method for the reduction of large breasts were clinically reviewed. RESULTS: The patients were aged 19~65 (mean 34.5) years. The primary reasons for surgery were self-consciousness, shoulder/neck/back pain, wet skinfold/eczema and intractable mastalgia. Breast parenchymal pattern analysis by mammography revealed relatively a high frequency of dysplastic change (DY) among women with intractable breast pain, which was nearly entirely relieved by reduction surgery. The nipple-areolar complex were saved with inferior dermal pedicle flaps without any occurrence of necrosis. An average of 350 (range 50~800) grams of tissue from each breast was removed. There were no blood transfusions and significant postoperative complications were rare, although some patients complained of hypertrophic scars. CONCLUSION: Postoperative results were sufficiently satifactory to consider reduction surgery for inappropriately large breasts as a rehabilitative method.
Blood Transfusion ; Breast* ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography ; Mastodynia ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications

BACKGROUND: The analgesic properties of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been attributed to their effects on the peripheral synthesis of prostaglandins. Although the preoperative use of NSAIDs has been increasing because of concerns regarding the side effects of opioid analgesics but results of clinical preemptive analgesia studies remain inconclusive. So, we studied the efficacy of preemptive analgesic effects of tenoxicam, new NSAID, on postoperative continuous intravenous analgesia with morphine. METHODS: We studied 40 parturients, undergoing cesarean section, ASA class I or II, randomly divided into two groups. Tenoxicam group were injected tenoxicam 0.3 mg/kg and control group were injected normal saline 3 ml at ten min. before induction. For both groups morphine 0.1 mg/kg was administered as loading dose and 0.015 mg/kg/hr as maintenance dose. We examined verbal quantitative score (VQS) at postoperative 30 min, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr. Maternal satisfaction, side effects, hepatic and renal function also evaluated after pain control. RESULTS: The values of VQS showed no significant differences between two groups 30 min, 1 and 6hr after start of morphine infusion, but there was significant decrease in tenoxicam group compared to control group 12, 24 and 48 hr after start of morphine infusion (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in maternal satisfaction between two groups and also there were no significant differences in the overall incidences of side effects between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative single injection of tenoxicam showed incomplete preemptive analgesic effects on postoperative pain control after cesarean section.
Analgesia* ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pregnancy ; Prostaglandins

Ultrasonographic localizations were performed by methylene blue injection in 35 cases of nonpalpable breast lesion. The lesions were sized 0.3cm-1.3cm and biopsied just after localization with 100% success rate. All the patients tolerated well the procedure and had not any complications. Ultrasonoguided dye injection is an accurate, comfortable and simple method for prebiopsy localization of nonpalpable breast lesion.
Breast* ; Humans ; Methylene Blue

A mucocele-like tumor(MLT) is a spectrum lesion of the breast, which is usually associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia and mucinous carcinoma. We report here a case of MLT, with micropapillary hyperplasia.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Breast* ; Hyperplasia

The prevalence or azoospermia .in the general population has been estimated to be 2 percent. Azoospermia is found in up to lO to 20 per cent of the men who present to an infertility clinic. The main causes are testicular failure and ductal obstruction. The ejaculatory duct obstruction was reported about 6 percent of the ductal obstruction. We present a case of a young adult azoospermic male patient with bilateral obstruction of the terminal ejaculatory duct who was treated successfully by transurethral incision using Collings cold knife in the area of the ejaculatory ducts.
Azoospermia ; Ejaculatory Ducts* ; Humans ; Infertility* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Young Adult