No abstract available.
Occlusal Splints* ; Temporomandibular Joint*

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a commonly used treatment for genu varum and medial compartment osteoarthritis. Recently open wedge HTO has been the preferred method due to its facilitated technique, fewer neurovascular and joint injuries, etc. In open wedge HTO materials such as autogenous, allogenous bone graft and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are used to help with bone union and have a role in filling in the empty space. However the authors of this study report on two cases of nonunion 1 year after HTO using TCP block.
Genu Varum ; Joints ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteotomy* ; Transplants

Heterotopic salivary gland tissue (HSGT) consists of salivary tissue in places where it does not normally exist. Usually, HSGT presents as a draining sinus or nodule of the neck. The pathogenesis of HSGT of the neck remains uncertain. But HSGT in the neck is most widely thought to arise from defective closures and ectodermal hetroplasia of the precervical sinus of His. HSGT in the neck is rare and only a few cases have been reported in Korea. We recently experienced a case of HSGT in the neck presenting as a fistula of the anterior lower neck. We thought this as a 2nd brachial cleft anomaly; however, biopsy revealed HSGT. HSGT in the neck should be considered as one of the causes of a neck mass or fistula in children. Herein, we report this case of HSGT with a literature review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nitric Oxide (NO) is an endogenous mediator first characterized as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is now recognized as a key mediator in many physiological process such as vasodilatation, neurotransmission, host defense, and iron metabolism. However, much remains to be determined about the pathophysiological role of NO in the airway. Peroxynitrite, which is synthesized by NO, is the diret cause of cellular toxicity in inflammatory reaction. In this study, we investigated the cellular toxcity of peroxynitrite by the expression of Heat-shock proteins 70 (HSP 70) in normal human nasal epithelium (NHNE) at the inflammatory conditions MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3-Morpholinosydronimone clorhydrate which is a peroxynitrite donor was mixed in the media of cultured NHNE cell. RESULTS: HSP 70 was expressed at the peroxynitrite environment of cultured NHNE cells and HSP 70 mRNA was detected with a time-dependent increasing pattern. CONCLUSION: Peroxynitrite may have a cytotoxic effect, and inhibition of peroxynitrite synthesis may have an important role for controlling the cytotoxic and inflammatory conditions of rhinitis and sinusitis.
Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Epithelial Cells* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans* ; Iron ; Metabolism ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nitric Oxide ; Peroxynitrous Acid* ; Physiological Processes ; Rhinitis ; RNA, Messenger ; Sinusitis ; Synaptic Transmission ; Tissue Donors ; Vasodilation

The numb chin syndrome (NCS) is characterized by chin or lower lip numbness restricted to the distribution of the mental nerve (the distal trigeminal nerve). The authors report a patient whose initial symptom of tumor recurrence was unilateral numbness of the chin. A 65-year-old male was admitted because of paresthesia around the left chin and left lower lip. Neurologic examination revealed hypesthesia on the left side of chin, lower lip and buccal mucous mem-brane. Bone scan (Tc-99m MDP) showed focal hot uptakes on the left mandible and left first rib. Brain CT with bone window setting showed a focal osteolytic lesion in the bone marrow of the left mandibular canal without destruction of bone cortex. Both coronal T1 weighted image and axial T2 weighted image showed focal low signal intensities on the left ramus. The pathophysiologic mechanism could be understood by identification of the pathologic focus.
Aged ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Chin ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lip ; Male ; Mandible ; Neurologic Examination ; Paresthesia ; Recurrence ; Ribs

STUDY DESIGN: To analyze the relationship between the adjacent superior segment disease and facet joint violations after lumbar fusion. OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the adjacent superior segment disease and facet joint violations after lumbar fusion. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Among numerous literatures regarding adjacent superior segment disease, there is no analysis concerning the relationship between adjacent superior segment disease and facet joint violations after lumbar fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 2056 patients who underwent lumbar fusion, between March 2004 and April 2009. Analysis was performed for 79 (3.8%) of the 2056 patients with adjacent superior segment disease and needed a second operation. A facet joint was considered as 3 types of violations with computed tomography scans if any of the following situations were encountered: pedicle screw clearly within the facet joint; pedicle screw head clearly within the facet joint; and pedicle screw and/or screw head within 1mm from or abutting the facet joint, without clear joint involvement. RESULTS: The incidence of the violations was 45% (36/79) of all patients and 28% (44/158) of all screws. The incidence of L4-5 facet joint violations was 35% (28/79) of patients with adjacent superior segment disease, statistically. CONCLUSIONS: Facet joint violations were observed in patients with the adjacent superior segment disease after posterolateral lumbar fusion. Because L3-4 facet joint violations increased when L4-5 fusion was done, more care should be taken to avoid facet joint violations when the surgeon is considered for insertion of the pedicle screws at L4-5.
Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Retrospective Studies ; Zygapophyseal Joint

PURPOSE: The role of the amniotic membrane with or without heparin was investigated with regard to the prevention of adhesion formation following flexor tenorrhaphy of chicken. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We classified twelve chickens into four groups of three chickens. In group A, the flexor tendon was partially cut and the tendon was repaired. In group B, The repaired tendon was covered with heparin. In group C, the repaired tendon was covered with amniotic membrane. In group D, the repaired tendon was covered with amniotic membrane and heparin. Histologic and gross findings of the repaired tendon were evaluated at postoperative 3, 6 and 9 weeks. RESULTS: In group D, there were less inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblasts proliferation in all stages. At postoperative 9 weeks of all groups, there were less inflammation and fibroblasts proliferation than those in postoperative 3 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: The use of amniotic membrane transplantation and heparin is effective in the prevention of inflammation and adhesion formation following flexor tenorrhaphy of chicken.
Amnion* ; Chickens* ; Fibroblasts ; Heparin* ; Inflammation ; Tendons ; Tissue Adhesions*

PURPOSE: The role of the amniotic membrane with or without heparin was investigated with regard to the prevention of adhesion formation following flexor tenorrhaphy of chicken. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We classified twelve chickens into four groups of three chickens. In group A, the flexor tendon was partially cut and the tendon was repaired. In group B, The repaired tendon was covered with heparin. In group C, the repaired tendon was covered with amniotic membrane. In group D, the repaired tendon was covered with amniotic membrane and heparin. Histologic and gross findings of the repaired tendon were evaluated at postoperative 3, 6 and 9 weeks. RESULTS: In group D, there were less inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblasts proliferation in all stages. At postoperative 9 weeks of all groups, there were less inflammation and fibroblasts proliferation than those in postoperative 3 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: The use of amniotic membrane transplantation and heparin is effective in the prevention of inflammation and adhesion formation following flexor tenorrhaphy of chicken.
Amnion* ; Chickens* ; Fibroblasts ; Heparin* ; Inflammation ; Tendons ; Tissue Adhesions*

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive behavioral therapy and social skills training have been proposed as a promising modality for treatment of patients with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Social Skill Training (CBSST) in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty six middle- or older-aged hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were selected in a mental hospital. Eleven participants were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with CBSST and 15 participants were assigned to receive the usual treatment. CBSST was administered in a single group over 12 sessions for a period of weeks, and the participants were assessed by blinded raters at base line and end point, and end of treatment. RESULTS: Compared to patients who received the usual treatment, those who received treatment with CBSST showed a significant reduction of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score, however, scores for other psychiatric symptoms did not differ significantly. In terms of Quality of life (QoL) analysis, scores for overall quality of life showed a more significant increase in the CBSST group, compared with the group of patients who received the usual treatment. According to results of the Independent Living Skill Survey, patients receiving CBSST showed significantly greater involvement in social activities than patients receiving usual treatment group. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial intervention for patients with chronic schizophrenia is very important, not only for management of primary psychiatric symptoms, but also for QoL and social rehabilitation. The results of this study, showing improvement of depressive mood, overall life quality, and social activities, suggest that CBSST could be an effective treatment for these patients. This study is a pilot study performed in an inpatient treatment setting. Further studies are required in order to clarify the advantage of CBSST in treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia, esp. under outpatient settings.
Cognitive Therapy ; Depression ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Independent Living ; Inpatients ; Nitro Compounds ; Outpatients ; Pilot Projects ; Quality of Life ; Schizophrenia

Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic for the treatment of insomnia, and known as a relatively-safe medication. However, there have been several case reports of zolpidem abuse aand dependence these days. Even though some withdrawal symptoms like seizures can occur, there has not been any standard detoxification method until now. A high dose of zolpidem has similar pharmacological properties as the rest of the benzodiazepines, even though the usual dose of zolpidem has a selectivity to the type 1 benzodiazepine receptors. We report a rare case of high-dose addiction and successful detoxification by cross-titration with diazepam.
Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam ; Pyridines ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Seizures ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome