This erratum is being published to correct the printing error on page 286 of the article entitled 'Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood in Korea' by Kim JS, Park JS, Song W, Kim HS, Cho HC, Lee KM, Kim EC in Korean J Lab Med 2007;27:286-91. DOI 10.3343/kjlm. 2007.27.4.286 as follows. The heading of the right column of the Table 1 was misprinted as methicillin-resistant, so it should be corrected to methicillin-susceptible.
Adult ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/radiotherapy/surgery ; Female ; *Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Li-Fraumeni Syndrome/*diagnosis/genetics/therapy ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*genetics

PURPOSE: To assess the risk factors for endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification with implantation of intraocular lens according to anterior chamber depth (ACD). METHODS: This prospective study included 94 eyes of 94 patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery. To assess the risk factors for corneal endothelial cell loss, we examined seven variables at 1 day, 1 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively in each ACD-stratified group. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the only variable influencing the percentage decrease in corneal endothelial cell density throughout the postoperative follow-up period in the long ACD group (ACD III) was nucleosclerosis. The variables influencing the percentage decrease in corneal endothelial cell density in the short ACD group (ACD I) at one day and one week postoperatively were corneal incisional tunnel length and nucleosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for endothelial cell loss after phaoemulsification were different according to ACD. Long corneal tunnel length can be one of the risk factors for endothelial cell loss in short ACD eyes.
Anterior Chamber/ultrasonography ; Cataract/ultrasonography ; Cataract Extraction/*methods ; Cornea/pathology/surgery ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss/*etiology ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification/*adverse effects/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to survey the present conditions of adolescents' Internet use and to investigate the relations of Internet addiction to depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. METHOD: Eight hundred and sixty-nine high-school students(male/female=371/498) were included in the study, each of whom completed a standard questionnaire related to Internet use determined. We assessed internet addiction and depressive symptoms of adolescents using Youngs Internet Addiction Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), respectively. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale were employed to measure social anxiety and avoidance. Fear of Negative Evaluation-Brief Scale was for fear of negative evaluation by other people. An Index of Peer relation was devoted to problems in peer relationships. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to identify the present conditions of Internet addiction and to analyze the relations of Internet addiction with depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. RESULTS: 1) Of these 869 subjects, 371(42.7%) were male students and 498(57.3%) were female. The mean age was 16.27 years(SD=0.82) and there was no significant difference between two sex groups. 2) Of these 869 subjects, 291(33.4%) showed addictive tendency and among them 18 subjects(2.07%) were classified into obvious addiction group. In this study, we defined upper 30% of Internet addiction scores as 'addiction group' and lower 30% as 'normal control group'. 3) Male students had significantly higher mean scores of Internet addiction scale than females and there was significantly higher rates of male students in addiction group. 4) Comparing two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the preferred types of Internet media, although addiction groups tended to use chatting and E-mail more, normal control group tended to use information search more. And there was no significant difference regarding games on the Internet. 5) There was more depressive tendency in line with more sensitive response against negative-evaluation and more problems of peer relationship in addiction group. However, there was no significant difference regarding anxiety on social situation. CONCLUSION: Compared to previous studies, findings from this study showed that the rates classified as the group of obvious Internet addiction were relatively lower. However, including those who had tendency of Internet addiction, about 30% of all subjects had problems related to Internet use. In addition, depression or relationship problems were triggered more severely in Internet addiction group. With these findings in mind we finally suggest that therapeutic approach to comorbid psychopathology as well as Internet addiction itself should be required.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Electronic Mail ; Female ; Humans ; Internet* ; Male ; Psychopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: This study aimed to examine effect sizes of leadership styles of nursing managers on turnover intention of hospital nurses. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Participants were nurses working in hospitals. The intervention involved nursing managers’ leadership styles; the outcome assessed was nurses’ turnover intention. This was an observational study design. Eleven databases were searched to obtain articles published in Korean or English. Of the 14,428 articles reviewed, 21 were included in systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and R software programs were used. Results: The total effect size r (ESr) was - 0.25 (95% confidence interval: - 0.29 to - 0.20). Effect sizes of each leadership style on turnover intention were as follows: ethical leadership (ESr = - 0.34), transformational leadership (ESr = - 0.28), authentic leadership (ESr = - 0.23), transactional leadership (ESr = - 0.21), and passive avoidant leadership (ESr = 0.13). Ethical leadership was the most effective style in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses. Conclusion Positive leadership styles of nurse managers effectively decrease turnover intention of hospital nurses, and negative leadership styles of nurse managers effectively increase turnover intention of hospital nurses. The ethical leadership style is the most effective in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses; however, it requires careful interpretation as its effects are reported by only two studies. This study contributes to addressing the high turnover rate of hospital nurses and developing positive leadership styles of nurse managers in hospital settings.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC), the commonest thyroid malignancy, has a good prognosis and low incidence of distant metastasis. Brain metastasis from PTC are extremely rare. The frequency of it reported as 0.1% to 5% in several reported series. A 24 year-old man noted a mass in his neck at 19 years of age. The diagnosis of PTC was made by the biopsy of the mass. Total thyroidectomy, postoperative internal radiation and daily 400w thyroxine therapy was done. The tonic contraction of the right leg evolving to secondary generalized seizure was noted at the age of 24 years old. A brain MRI showed Ix1cm enhancing mass in the left frontal lobe without perilesional edema. The brain mass was removed by the CRW-guided stereotactic surgery. The brain metastasis of PTC was confirmed histopathologically.
Biopsy ; Brain* ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Seizures ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyroxine ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the difference between corneal endothelial cell density at the moment of preservation and at keratoplasty in imported donor corneas and to analyze the correlated factors of the difference. METHODS: Eighty-seven imported corneas were evaluated. Corneal endothelial cell density at the moment of preservation was obtained from the medical record and was measured just before the keratoplasty. Correlation of the difference in endothelial cell density with the following factors were analyzed; donor sex, donor age, death-to-preservation time, preservation-to-surgery time, death-to-surgery time, endothelial cell density at the moment of preservation, and preservation period of the corneas. RESULTS: All of the corneas showed a decrease in endothelial cell density. Mean endothelial cell density of imported donor corneas at the moment of preservation and at keratoplasty was 2789 +/- 235 cells/mm2 and 2592 +/- 254 cells/mm2 (p < 0.001), respectively. Mean endothelial cell loss was 197 +/- 148 cells/mm2, which was significantly correlated with preservation-to-surgery time, death-to-surgery time and a preservation period longer than 7 days (p = 0.042, p = 0.045, p = 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced death-to-surgery time and keratoplasty before 7 days of preservation are needed for better surgical outcome.
Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: There has been a nationwide increase in infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents in Korea. Although nationwide antimicrobial resistance pro-files have been reported recently by analysing routine antimicrobial test results, a more extensive resistance profile survey including those agents that are not used routinely is required for the inferring the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. We assessed the resistance profiles of a variety of antimicrobial agents on Korean nationwide collection of S. aureus strains and analyzed the profiles according to methicillin resistance. METHODS: We collected a total of 253 clinical isolates of S. aureus from 13 clinical laboratories over the country during a month in 2002. Antimicrobial susceptibility testings were performed with 21 antimicrobial agents by disk diffusion method. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were also confirmed by the PCR detection of mecA gene. RESULTS: More than 90% of MRSA strains were resistant to the following antimicrobial agents tested: -lactams (92.0-98.3%), gentamicin (92.5%), tobramycin (94.9%), erythromycin (96.6%), and cip-rofloxacin (94.3%). But only 0-29% of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains were resistant to those agents. MRSA and MSSA strains were respectively resistant to chloramphenicol in 4.0% and 2.5%, rifampin in 12.1% and 1.3%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 22.4% and 1.3%, and amikacin in 51.7% and 3.8%. No isolates were resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Falsely susceptible results against beta-lactams in MRSA ranged from 1.7-7.5%. No significant differences in susceptibility were noted against the agents within the same classes such as macrolide and fluoroquinolone. The PCR results of mecA gene correlated 100% with the results of oxacillin disk diffusion test. CONCLUSIONS: Methicillin resistance in S. aureus was an indication of resistance against beta-lactams, gentamicin, tobramycin, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone in Korea. However, MRSA still retained the susceptibility to chloramphenicol, rifampin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This study may provide antimicrobial resistance profiles necessary for the understanding of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of S. aureus.
Amikacin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; beta-Lactams ; Chloramphenicol ; Diffusion ; Erythromycin ; Gentamicins ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Oxacillin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rifampin ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Teicoplanin ; Tobramycin ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Vancomycin

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between neurological and psychiatric symptoms at two weeks after stroke. METHODS: For 412 stroke patients, stroke severity was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), disability by the Barthel Index(BI) and modified Rankin Scale(mRS), cognitive function by the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE), and muscle power by grip strength. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by Symptom check list-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), consisted of nine symptom domains : Somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Psychoticism, and Additional items. The correlations between the neurological and psychiatric symptoms were investigated at the time of admission and before discharge(i.e. before and after treatment). RESULTS: At the time of admission, NIHSS score was associated with scores on Phobic anxiety and Additional items ; and scores on BI and mRS were associated with Depression, Phobic anxiety and Additional items. At the time of discharge, NIHSS score was associated with scores on Somatization, Depression, Phobic anxiety, and Additional items ; scores on BI and mRS were associated with scores on Depression, Phobic anxiety and Additional items ; MMSE score was associated with Obsessive-compulsive, Depression, Phobic anxiety, and Additional items ; and grip strength was associated with Somatization, Depression, Anxiety and Additional items. CONCLUSIONS: More severe neurological symptoms were associated with higher psychiatric morbidity particularly in depression, phobic anxiety, sleep and appetite disturbance at acute stage of stroke. More intensive psychiatric care and intervention are needed for the high risk group.
Anxiety ; Appetite ; Depression ; Hand Strength ; Hostility ; Humans ; Muscles ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Cellular phone has become a necessary device for communicating in hospitals. Cellular phones contaminated with bacteria may serve as a fomite in the transmission of pathogens by the hands of medical personnel. We investigated the bacterial contamination of cellular phones used by medical personnel in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Culture swabs were obtained from 101 cellular phones and 99 anterior nasal cavities from medical personnel using cellular phones. The swabs were inoculated on blood agar, MacConkey agar, mannitol salt agar, and enterococcal broths containing 6microgram/mL vancomycin for 48 h at 37degrees C. The bacteria were identified on the basis of colony morphology, gram staining characteristics, catalase test, coagulase test, and DNase test; Microscan (Siemens, USA) was used for the identification of enterococci. RESULTS: Of the 101 cellular phones, 13 were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (including 4 methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]), 61 with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (including 38 methicillin-resistant CoNS), 27 with Micrococcus spp., 11 with diphtheroids, 67 with Bacillus spp., and 4 with viridans streptococci. No gram-negative bacilli were isolated. Nasal swabs yielded 36 S. aureus, including 9 MRSA. Only 1 of 9 cellular phones used by the MRSA carriers was contaminated with MRSA. CONCLUSION: Cellular phones used by some medical personnel were contaminated with pathogens such as S. aureus or MRSA. Although, the clinical implications of pathogens isolated from cellular phones have not been fully investigated, pathogens could be transmitted by the hands of medical personnel who are cellular phone users.
Agar ; Bacillus ; Bacteria ; Catalase ; Cellular Phone ; Coagulase ; Deoxyribonucleases ; Disinfection ; Fomites ; Hand ; Hand Hygiene ; Mannitol ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Micrococcus ; Nasal Cavity ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Vancomycin ; Viridans Streptococci

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 212 inpatients aged 18 years or younger with UTIs treated at the Pediatric Department of Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital between January 2008 and December 2016. For comparison, patients were divided into three groups according to age as follows: group 1, ≤1 month; group 2, >1 month to ≤12 months; and group 3, ≥13 months. The antibiotic resistance rates from January 2008 to December 2012 (study period 1) and from January 2013 to December 2016 (study period 2) were analyzed statistically by group. RESULTS: As the patient age increased, the antibiotic resistance rate to ampicillin (P=0.013), levofloxacin (P=0.050), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) (P<0.001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P=0.002) increased. The frequency of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli showed a significant difference from 5 cases (4.6%) in study period 1 and 16 cases (15.8%) in study period 2 (P=0.007). The antibiotic resistance rate of E. coli was compared between the two time periods and we found that the antibiotic resistance rate to cefotaxime was significantly increased from 5.4% to 16.8% (P=0.008) and that to TZP was significantly decreased from 40.5% to 7.9% (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Over the past 9 years, the resistance rate to cefotaxime has increased but the resistance rate to TZP has decreased. Thus, it is important to continue to investigate the antibiotic resistance rates of bacteria in the community.
Ampicillin ; Bacteria ; beta-Lactamases ; Cefotaxime ; Child* ; Clinical Study* ; Drug Resistance, Microbial* ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Levofloxacin ; Prevalence* ; Retrospective Studies* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*