PURPOSE: To evaluate tlne significance of vaginal air seen on CT scan in preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A comparison was made between CT findings of vaginal air and true vaginal involvement status in 85 patients with uterine cervical carcinoma. CT findings were analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of vaginal air, number of CT slices in which vaginal air was seen, shape of vaginal air, and relation of vaginal airto cervical mass. RESULTS: Vaginal air was present in 35 patients and was absent in 50. Although the mere presence of vaginal air or multiplicity of CT slices showing vaginal air did not signify the presence of vaginal involvement, vaginal air with irregular margin or vaginal air adjacent to uterine cervical mass was suggestive of vaginal involvement. CONCELUSION: These observation of vaginal air in interpreting CT may be helpful in the preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vagina*

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are currently classified into four categories: usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis, acute interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. The fibrotic process in interstitial pneumonias appears to result from a complex interaction between fibroblasts, other lung parenchymal cells and macrophages. The complex relationship between the local release of growth-promoting cytokines by alveolar macrophages and resident fibroblasts represents a necessary step for fibrosis or remodeling after lung injury. Injury to the epithelium and basement membranes is likely necessary for the fibrotic process to occur. Usual interstitial pneumonia, most frequent among interstitial pneumonias and has a poor prognosis, appears on high-resolution CT as patchy subpleural areas of ground-glass attenuation, irregular linear opacity, and honeycombing. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis, the second most frequent and has a better prognosis than usual interstitial pneumonia, appears as subpleural patchy areas of ground-glass attenuation with associated areas of irregular linear opacity on CT. Acute interstitial pneumonia with high mortality rate presents as extensive bilateral airspace consolidation and patchy or diffuse bilateral areas of ground-glass attenuation. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia with good prognosis presents as patchy subpleural areas of ground-glass attenuation in middle and lower lung zones.
Human ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/radiography ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology*

No abstract available.
Lung Diseases, Interstitial*

To investigate the an air pollution by particulate matter and its dispersion, a cement plant producing portland cement 600,000ton/year and its vicinity were surveyed from October, 1980 to April, 1983. The survey was mainly focused on main stack emission rate of the cement plant and particle size distribution in the dust, dustfall and total suspended particulate concentration in the area by month and distance from the stack. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The main stack emission rate was surveyed before and after the spray tower was additionally installed to the original E.P. and bag filter. Before the spray tower installed, the main stack emission rate was higher(0.64g/Nm3) than the emission standard of Korean Environmental Preservation Law's(0.5g/Nm3, amended to 0.4g/Nm3 on April 1983), but after the spray tower was installed, its main stack emission rate was markedly decreased to the standard (0.43g/Nm3). 2. 2~3 micrometer of the particle size was the largest portion(20.8%) of the dust particulate from the main stack and 50% of the frequency distribution was 1.5 micrometer of the size. Most particle size was below 10 micrometer. 3. The spray tower reduced the dustfall to 37.81~9.76ton/km2/month while dustfall appeared at 45.29-15.45ton/km2/month, in the vicinity of plant before spray tower installed. 4. Mean concentrations of total suspended particulate for 24 hours of the various stations were determined in 20.6-200.0 microgram/m3, 3 stations of them were higher than the value of Harry and William's arithmetic average standard 130 microgram/m3. 5. Linear regression between dustfall[X] and total suspended particulate[X] concentration was an equation, Y=4.024X+11.479.[r=0.91]. 6. During the whole seasons in the opposite area 100m apart from the emission source the prevailing wind direction was with estimated more than 30ton/km2/month, and the concentration of total suspended particulate for 24 hours averaging time was more than 140 microgram/m3 in the same area and direction. 7. Assuming the wind direction were constant through the day dustfalls for a day were estimated at 13.40ton/km2/day, 10.79ton/km2/day and 4.55ton/km2/day at various distances of 100m, 500m and 1,500m from the emission source respectively. 8. In the simutalion of dustfall and suspended dust by area, Gaussian dispersion model modified by size distribution of particulate matter was not applicated since the emission of dust were from multi sources other them stack. From the above results, it could be applied that the dispersion of dust from the cement plant is estimated and regulated for the purpose of environmental protection.
Air Pollution ; Natural Resources ; Dust ; Linear Models ; Particle Size ; Particulate Matter ; Plants* ; Seasons ; Wind

A Clinical observation was made on five patients with ruptured aortic sinus of Valsalva who visited Seoul National university hospital during the period of May, 1975~Jan., 1980. 1. Age distribution was from 19 to 32 years and four patients were male and the rest one case was female. 2. Chief complaints on admission were dyspnea in 3 cases and chest pain in 2 cases. Onset of symptoms was abrupt in 4 cases. 3. Continuous murmur was heard at third and fourth intercostal space along left sternal border with thrill in all cases. 4. Cardiac catheterization and aortography showed regurgitant flow from aorta to right ventricle in all cases. 5. Operation was done successfully in 3 cases, of which aortic insufficiency was persistent in one case.
Age Distribution ; Aorta ; Aortography ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Chest Pain ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul ; Sinus of Valsalva*

An immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a recently emerging entity, and a few cases of IgG4-related disease in lung and pleura have been reported. Herein, we report the case of a 74-year-old man with IgG4-related disease of lung and pleura, clinically suspicious of malignant mesothelioma. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse nodular pleural thickening, and microscopic finding disclosed diffuse thickening of visceral pleura with infiltrations of many lymphoplasma cells with increased number of IgG4-positive plasma cells and a few multinucleated giant cells. It is important for pathologists and clinicians to recognize this rare entity and its histologic finding, because it can be confused with malignant tumors on the radiologic examination although it can be treated with steroid therapy.
Aged ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Mesothelioma* ; Plasma Cells ; Pleura ; Pleural Diseases ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopy is an essential procedure for identifying the bleeding site and evaluating cause of hemoptysis. However, it is controversial regarding to the timing of bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis. Early bronchoscopy, which was performed during hemoptysis or with 48hour after cessation of bleeding, was better for identifying the site of bleeding compared with delayed bronchoscopy, which was performed 48 hours after cessation of bleeding. The diagnostic yield of identifying the bleeding site by bronchoscopy was variable in reported literature and the safety of early bronchoscopy was not mentioned in previous literature. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of early bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis. METHOD: From October 1994 to August 1996 in Samsung Medical Center, bronchoscopy was performed in patients with hemoptysis. Early bronchoscopy was performed prospectively during hemoptysis or within 48 hours after cessation of bleeding from May 1995 to August 1996. Delayed bronchoscopy group included patients who did not recieved early bronchoscopy at the same period or in whom bronchoscopy was performed 48 hour after cessation of bleeding from October 1994 to May 1995. RESULTS: Early bronchoscopy group was performed 73 times in 71 patients. Delayed bronchoscopy was performed in 57 times in 55 patients. There was no difference as to amount and underlying cause of hemoptysis between both groups. Indentification of bleeding site by visualizing active bleeding was significantly higher in early bronchoscopy(38.3%) than delayed bronchoscopy group (8.7%) (p<0.05). Indentification of bleeding site by bleeding after clot removal was 8 in early and 10 in delayed bronchoscopy. Indentification of bleeding site by visualizing active bleeding and bleeding after clot removal was 36 in early and 15 patients in delayed bronchoscopy(p>0.05). Causes of hemoptysis was found in 18 patients in early and 16 patients in delayed bronchoscopy group. patients who had early bronchoscopy underwent surgery. We diagnosed the site of bleeding in 4 patients preoperatively. In 3 patients we made a treatment plan promptly right after bronchoscopy. Among early bronchoscopy group, bleeding over 100cc during bronchoscopy occurred in 2 patients. In early bronchoscopy group there was no other major complication during bronchoscopy. CONCLUSION: In patients with hemoptysis, early bronchoscopy which performed within 48 hours after cessation of bleeding was more effective procedure for indentifying the bleeding site than delayed bronchoscopy which was performed after 48 hour cessation of bleeding.
Bronchoscopy* ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Prospective Studies

We herein describe a 70-year-old woman who presented with respiratory failure due to extensive lung adenocarcinoma. Despite advanced disease, care in the intensive care unit with ventilator support was performed because she was a newly diagnosed patient and was considered to have the potential to recover after cancer treatment. Because prompt control of the cancer was needed to treat the respiratory failure, empirical treatment with an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor was initiated before confirmation of EGFR-mutant adenocarcinoma, and the patient was successfully treated. Later, EGFR-mutant adenocarcinoma was confirmed.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Lung* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride

One hundred and twenty seven patients with uterine cervical carcinoma underwent computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance(MR) imaging, followed by surgical exploration. MR imaging was superior to CT in visualization of the tumor, for parametrial evaluation, and for tumor staging. MR imaging had an accuracy of 74% in the assessment of thickness of cervical stromal invasion. The accuracy rates for parametrial evaluation were 78% for CT and 88% for MR imaging. The overall accuracy rates for tumor staging were 68% for CT and 80% for MR imaging. The accuracy rates for pelvic lymph node evaluation were 82% for CT and 85% for MR imaging. Our findings suggest that MR imaging is supperior to CT in preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Staging