?AlM: To explore the effects of the prescription of reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood, improving eyesight on the oxidative stress model of ARPE-19 cells induced by acrolein.
?METHODS:SD rats serum containing the prescription of reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood, improving eyesight and the content of distilled water in serum were prepared. The effects of the prescription and distilled water in serum at different concentration ( 2. 5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%) on cell vitality was observed by cell counting kit ( CCK-8 ) assay. the logarithmic phase of ARPE-19 cells were pretreated by different concentrations (1. 25%, 2. 5%and 5%) of the prescription serum and distilled water in serum for 24h. Then it was treated with 75μmol/L acrolein for 24h. Cell vitality was observed by CCK-8 assay. The change of cell nucleus was detected by DAPl staining .
?RESULTS: 2. 5% and 5% serum had no effect on cell viability (P>0. 05), while 10%, 20%, 40% serum could inhibit cell viability (P<0. 05). CCK-8 results showed that 2. 5% and 5% the prescription of reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood, improving eyesight serum was better than distilled water in serum (P<0. 05).
?CONCLUSlON: The prescription of reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood, improving eyesight has the protective effect on ARPE-19 cell damage induced by acrolein.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and outcome in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients with renal insufficiency using bortezomib-or thalidomide-based regimens as front line treatment.Method Sixty-nine newly diagnosed MM patients with renal insufficiency were retrospectively analyzed from August 2006 to August 2014.Results ① Among thirty-nine patients with bortezomib based regimens (the bortezomib group),the overall response rate (ORR) was 89.7％ and complete response (CR) plus near CR(nCR) rate was 41.0％.By contrast,among thirty patients with thalidomide based regimens (the thalidomide group),the ORR was 83.3％ and CR + nCR rate was 26.7％.There was no significant difference of either ORR or CR + nCR rate between bortezomib and thalidomide groups.② The improvement rate of renal function in bortezomib group and thalidomide group were 87.2％ and 60.0％respectively (P =0.012).The median duration time of renal injury was 45 days in 52 patients with renal function improved,which was significantly shorter compared with 222 days in 17 patients without improvement (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference of median serum creatinine and creatinine clearance rate between the two groups.③ The median progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) were 18 and 33.5 months,respectively in all patients.The three-year and five-year OS rates were 57％ and 17％,respectively.The median PFS was 19 months in bortezomib group,while it was only 12 months in thalidomide group (P =0.023).The median OS were 36.5 months and 25.5 months respectively,which was no difference (P =0.285).Conclusions The newly diagnosed MM patients with renal insufficiency could get higher ORR and the longer PFS using bortezomib-containing regimens as initial therapy.Meanwhile the improvement rate of renal function and the living quality in patients with bortezomib are better compared with those with thalidomide based treatment.

Objective:This study investigated the clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma with early death in the era of novel drugs. Methods:Medical records from 188 patients diagnosed from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed, showing that early death occurred in 19 patients. Early death was defined as death by any cause within the first year after diagnosis. Results:(1) Early mortality was 10.1%, and the median age was 67 years old (range:40-84 years). Eight cases presented IgG type, and 11 cases were non-IgG type. All 19 patients were diagnosed to be at stageⅢin accordance with the Durie–Salmon staging system, and renal insufficiency occurred in 10 patients. In accordance with the International Staging System (ISS), four patients were diagnosed to be at stageⅡ, whereas 15 other patients were at stageⅢ. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) occurred in six cases, whereas 10 cases pre-sented high-risk patients with cytogenetic abnormalities. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was found in five cases, amyloidosis was detected in three patients, and secondary plasma cell leukemia was observed in two cases. The median score of performance sta-tus (KPS) was 70 (range: 20-80). A total of 16 patients were treated with bortezomib, and 3 patients were treated with CADT. (2) Among the 13 patients who were evaluated, the overall response rate was 46.2%(6/13), and the complete response (CR) and near-CR rate was 7.7%(1/13). (3) The median overall survival was 3 (1-11.5) months, although the two patients with secondary plasma cell leu-kemia survived for less than 2 months. (4) Eight patients died of disease progression (42.1%), eight patients died of severe infections (42.1%), and three patients died of thrombotic events. Conclusion:The important causes of early death include the following:high-risk cytogenetics, elevated LDH, EMP, amyloidosis, advanced age, poor performance status, and serious complications during treat-ment. In the era of novel drugs, we should improve early diagnosis rates and explore individualized treatment for high-risk multiple my-eloma for the benefit of a wide range of patients.

Retinal vessel is the only visible vessels in human body and systemic microvascular lesions could be evaluated by the degree of retinal vessels. ln this article, the progress of retinal vascular caliber measuring method and its influencing factors were briefly reviewed.

OBJECTIVETo study the interaction among aquaporin1 (AQP), aquaporin2 (AQP2) and antisecretory factor( AF) , and their expression in the rat inner ear for furthur understanding of Meniere' s disease.

METHODSInner ear tissue section of six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats was performed and Envision immunochemical staining was applied to detect the expression of AF, AQP1 and AQP2 in the rat inner ear. Vestibular and cochlear tissues of twenty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were dissected. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western Blot were used to specifically immunoprecipitate AF protein in the vestibular and cochlear tissues with monoclonal antibodies against AQP1 and polyclonal antibodies antibodies against AQP2 to detect the above precipitate with specific antibodies against AF.

RESULTS(1) AF was widely distributed in the inner ear, such as marginal cells of stria vascularis , five classes of spiral ligament fibrocyte , Reissner's membrane, basilar membrane, ampullar crest and so on with mild or moderate staining. In addition, round membrane was moderately or markedly stained. Positive immunostaining was found in the cochlear spiral ganglion, vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve. AQP1 was distributed in the intermediate cells in stria vascularis, type III fibrocyte of spiral ligament, basilar membrane and round membrane with moderate to marked degree of immunostaining intensity. AQP2 was mainly localized to the type II, IV, and V fibrocyte of spiral ligament, with moderate to marked degree of immunostaining intensity, round membrane was weakly stained. (2) No band was observed in the control and a single immunoreactive band of 60 000 was observed, which was equal to the molecular mass of AF.

CONCLUSIONS(1) AF, AQP1 and AQP2 have its individual specific localization in the rat inner ear, which was close to the parts of endolymph, so regulating water of the endolymph may be possible. (2) The range of localization of AF overlapped the distribution of AQP1 and AQP2. The results showed the existence of AF protein in the immunoprecipitate using co-immunoprecipitation combined with Western Blot. It suggested that the interaction between AQP1, AQP2 and AF might be possible.

Animals ; Aquaporin 1 ; metabolism ; Aquaporin 2 ; metabolism ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Ear, Inner ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the tissue stimulation of copper ions to the smooth muscle of murine terminal rectum.Methods In this study copper needle used for electrochemical therapeutic equipment was punctured into submucosal smooth muscle tissue of terminal rectum above the dentate line in 65 male rats.Rats were then divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group) at random and sacrificed at 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 weeks after respectively, samples were sent for observation of macroscopic and microscopic tissue reaction.Results Rats had no abnormal histological change in the puncture points grossly. Undor microscope, mild edema was detected in the submucosal layer in 1 week group. Remarkable infiltration of inflammatory cells and lymphocytes subsided 3 weeks after, and disappeared five weeks after.Smooth muscle was normal microscopically in all groups.In contrast, platinum and steel needles caused infiltration of plasma cells and neutrophils, ulcers and small abscess formation in around puncture points.Conclusion Inflammatory reaction was induced after puncturing of copper needle into the tissues and the tissue reaction disappeared after 5 Ws.In contrast with platinum and steel needles, copper needle was non-traumatic to the smooth muscle tissue.

The aim of the present study was to assess whether Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy could produce distinct spectral information on protein of old myocardial infarction (OMI) and to set them as molecular markers to diagnose atypical OMI. Paraffin-embedded heart samples were derived from victims dying of OMI. In combination with histological stain, FTIR and infrared micro-spectroscopy, the characteristics of OMI were analyzed morphologically and molecularly. The most relevant bands identified were the amide A, B, I and, II showing crucial spectral differences between apparent normal region and OMI region, including the peak position blue shift and the increased intensity of OMI, moreover relative increase in alpha-helix and decrease in beta-sheet of protein secondary structures in OMI. Comparing to single spectral band, the I1650/I1550 ratio was increased and rationally used as a molecular marker for diagnosing OMI. These novel preliminary findings supported further exploration of FTIR molecular profiling in clinical or forensic study, and were in accordance with histopathology.

Objective To explore the chronic effects of mild and moderate iodine excess and iodine restriction on apoptosis of thyrocytes. Methods Wistar rats were exposed to 4 different doses of iodine: 4 μg/d (control), 6 μg/d (1.5 fold iodine excess), 12 μg/d (3 fold iodine excess), and 24 μg/d (6 fold iodine excess) for 1, 2, 4 and 8 months. Some rats treated for 8 months were fed with 4 μg/d iodine for another 3 months. Urinary iodine concentration was monitored by arscnic/cerium catalyzing spectrophotography. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FTTC staining and uhrastructure assessment under electronic microscope. Cell cycle kinetics was analyzed by flow eytometry after propidium iodine staining. Fluorescent measurement by DCFH-DA probe was used to determine the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Expressions of apoptic proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results Apoptotosis rate and ROS production in thyrocytes were significantly increased in 3 and 6 fold iodine excess groups after 4 months and 8 months (all P < 0.05), which was reversed with iodine restriction. 6 fold iodine exposure was proved to cause a reduction of cells in GOG1-phase (64% and 67% vs 80%, both P < 0. 05) and a concomitant accumulation in S-phase (5% and 6% vs 3%, both P <0.05) after 4 months and 8 months. Expressions of Fas, FasL and TRAIL proteins in 3 and 6 fold iodine excess groups after 8 months were increased by 2 to 4 times compared with control group and did not return to normal after iodine restriction. Bcl-2 and Bax remained constant. Positive correlations were observed among iodine amount, apoptosis rate and ROS level in 6 fold iodine excess group after 8 months (r = 0. 637-0.790, P < 0.01). Conclusion Chronic iodine excess results in thyrocyte apoptosis due probably to generation of ROS.

In vitro neuraminidase inhibition assays and ultrafiltration liquid chromatography with diodearray detector coupled to time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-DAD-TOF-MS) were combined to screen bioactive compounds inhibiting neuraminidase from Isatidis Radix. By comparing the compounds from Isatidis Radix before and after ultrafiltration, we found that arginine, goitrin and adenosinea can bind with neuraminidase, and the binding degree of the three compounds were (36.23 +/- 1.12)%, (32.54 +/- 1.02)% and (9.38 +/- 0.47)%, respectively. The IC50 of arginine and goitrin were (1.16 +/- 0.02), (1.20 +/- 0.02) g x L(-1), respectively. While the IC50 of adenosinea was higher than 500 g x L(-1). The results showed that arginine and goitrin might be the main compounds with antiviral activity of Isatidis Radix. This study may provide a useful method for the screening of bioactive compounds and quality control of Isatidis Radix.
Antiviral Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Arginine ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Oxazolidinones ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Ultrafiltration ; Viral Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of ovarian carcinosarcoma.

METHODSThe clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 12 cases of ovarian carcinosarcoma treated in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from May, 2002 to May, 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe 12 patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma had a median age of 55 years at diagnosis, among whom 10 were postmenopausal women. The patients sought medical attention for such symptoms as pelvic and/or abdominal pain, abdominal distention and ascites. Ten patients showed elevated serum CA125 level ad admission, and postoperative chemotherapy resulted in lowered CA125 level within normal range in 7 of them; in 8 cases, CA125 level increased with disease recurrence. Pelvic mass was found by such imaging examinations as CT, MRI and ultrasound in all cases. A definite diagnosis was obtained by postoperative pathological examination. All the patients received surgical resection and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients achieved disease-free survival after the treatment. Disease relapse occurred in 10 cases within 2 years after surgery, among whom 2 showed disease remission after a secondary surgery and/or chemotherapy, and 1 was receiving chemotherapy; death occurred in 5 cases, and 2 cases were lost to the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSOvarian carcinosarcoma has a poor prognosis. Primary surgery and platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is the main treatment for ovarian carcinosarcoma. The prognosis of ovarian carcinosarcoma is associated with the residual disease after surgery. The patients with disease recurrence may obtain remission and survival through a secondary surgery and/or chemotherapy. Serum CA125 can be used as a marker for monitoring the chemotherapeutic effect in clinical observation and follow-up visits.

Aged ; CA-125 Antigen ; blood ; Carcinosarcoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies