One of the complication during or after subclavian vein cannulation is intravascular catheter or wire embolization. Although some studies have reported safety of retaining foreign body embolization, and even death. The intravascular foreign body can be removed surgically or non-surgically. With improvement in instrument technology and technique, percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies has become a relatively common procedure. Commonly used methods to remove intravascular foreign bodies are loop snare and basket technique. Sometimes biopy forcep can be used. We have experienced 2 cases of non-surgical removal of intravascular foreign bodies. One of the foreign bodies was 7cm wire fragment in right atrium(RA), the other was a 50cm guide wire. We used the standard loop snare technique for removal of 7cm wire fragment in RA and stone removal basket and 3.0mm ACS PTCA balloon to remove the 50cm short guide wire.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Foreign Bodies* ; SNARE Proteins ; Subclavian Vein ; Surgical Instruments

PURPOSE: This study was designed to explore quality of life (QOL) in patients with stomach cancer by using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) Instrument-Korean version. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one (31) patients with stomach cancer after curative resection were recruited with informed consent. Age- and gender-matched hospital staff served as controls. The 100-item WHOQOL Instrument, including physical domain, psychological domain, social domain, independence domain, environment domain, and spiritual domain, was employed for the all subjects. RESULTS: In patients with stomach cancer after operation, only two domains, physical and independence, were associated with worse quality of life. In those domains, patients with advanced stage, with total gastrectomy, with adjuvant chemotherapy, and early or late postoperative period (< or =2 years or >5 years after operation), could be perceived of having a worse quality of life. CONCLUSION: Not only scientific objective success but also individual subjective perception of condition could be important for managing patients with stomach carcinomas after curative resection. In this context, the WHOQOL reflecting multi-dimensional state of well being could be a useful tool across a variety of cultural and value systems in the world.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Drug Therapy ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; World Health Organization

PUPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the validity of WHOQOL-BREF (Brief form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument) and to explore quality of life (QOL) by using WHOQOL-BREF in patients with stomach cancer after a curative resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty (50) patients with stomach cancer after a curative resection were recruited with informed consents. Age- and gender matched hospital staffs served as controls. The 100-item WHOQOL instrument was employed for the all subjects. The scores of the WHOQOL-BREF, which is a short version (26 questions) of the WHOQOL, and includes four domains (physical, psychological, social, and environmental), were compared with those of WHOQOL. RESULTS: The scores of the WHOQOL-BREF were significantly correlated with those of the WHOQOL in all domains. Two domains, physical and social, were associated with worse quality of life in patients with stomach cancer after a curative resection. CONCLUSION: The WHOQOL-BREF is a valid instrument that is useful for evaluating the quality of life in patients with stomach cancer.
Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; World Health Organization

PURPOSE: Routine pancreatico-splenectomy with total gastrectomy should no longer be considered as the standard surgical procedure for gastric cancer because of the lack of proven surgical benefit for survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic factors and the survival of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer and they had undergone combined pancreatico-splenectomy with a curative intent. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 118 patients who had undergone total gastrectomy with distal pancreatico-splenectomy from 1990 to 2001. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 90 patients who were free from cancer invasion (group I), and 28 patients with histologically proven cancer invasion into the pancreas (group II). The various clinicopathologic factors that were presumed to influence survival and the survival rates were analyzed. RESULTS: The rate of pathological pancreatic invasion was 23.7%. The tumor stage, depth of invasion, pancreas invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymph node ratio, curability and the hepatic and peritoneal metastasis were statistically significance on univariate analysis. Among these factors, the tumor stage, lymph node ratio and curability were found to be independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. The 5-years survival rates were 36.2% for group I and 13.9% for group II. The morbidity rate was 22.1%, and this included pancreatic fistula (5.1%), intra-abdominal abscess (4.2%) and bleeding (4.2%). The overall mortality rate was 6.8%. CONCLUSION: Combined distal pancreatico-splenectomy with total gastrectomy with a curative intent was selectively indicated for those patients with visible tumor invasion to the pancreas, a difficult complete lymph node dissection around the distal pancreas and spleen, and no evidence of liver metastasis or peritoneal dissemination.
Abdominal Abscess ; Gastrectomy* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Fistula ; Retrospective Studies ; Spleen ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

Aspiration of foreign bodies into tracheobronchial tree is more common in children than in adults. Foreign bodies in airway commonly occur by accident, and in most cases they get removed without delay. Small foreign bodies that lodge in the peripheral airway are often asymptomatic initially and can result in respiratory symptoms several years later. Although foreign body aspiration is frequently suspected in children with acute or recurrent pulmonary symptoms, it is rarely considered in adults, unless a clear history of an aspiration event can be obtained. We have experienced and studied a case of occult aspiration of a shrimp which had been lodged for a long period.
Adult ; Bronchi* ; Bronchoscopy* ; Child ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease(CAD) has been related to a number of factors, including diabetes, smoking,hypertension, blood lipids, and family history of CAD. However, a few studies have examined the correlation between these factors and severity of CAD. In the present study, we aimed to define the correlation between risk factors and the severity of CAD. METHODS: The study population was 309 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography in Kang Nam St. Marys hospital between Mar. 1992 and Aug. 1994. We analyzed risk factors of CA ; age, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol cholesterol(LDL-C), the ratio of TC to HDL-C, Lp(a), uric acid, fibrinogen, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and family history of CAD. All films were reviewed without specific knowledge of blood laboratory results. Significant occlusive disease was defined as >50% diameter obstruction of a major coronary vessel. Extent of disease was defined as the number of major coronalry arteries with significant occlusive disease. RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant risk factors between one vessel disease group and multivessel disease group are age, TC, LDL-C, and diabetes in total patients and age, LDL, and diabetes in male patients. But there is no significant difference in female patients. 2) In patients with multivessel disease, age, HDL-C level are significantly lowere, and TG level and the percentage of smkoing are significantly higher, in male than female. 3) There is increase in four major risk factors(diabetes, hypertension,smoking,hypercholesterolemia) with the increased number of diseasesd coronary arteries; normal coronary group has 1.07 risk factors, one vessel disease group 1.30, two vessel disease group 1.49, and three vessel disease group 1.78. 4) In total and male patients, three independent variables are significantly associated with severity of CAD. These variables are age, smoking, and diabetes. In female patients, diabetes in only significant independent risk factor. CONCLUSION: The significant independent risk factors associated with severity of CAD are age, diabetes, and smoking in total and male patients. Whereas in female patients, diabetes is only significant independent risk factor.
Arteries ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary venous flow velocity pattern (PVFVP) is widely used to assess LV diastolic function. It is known that the parameters of PVFVP have a significant correlation with the ratio of peak early diastolic filling velocity (E) to peak filling velocity at atrial contraciton (A) measured in the transmitral flow. However, the correlations between parameters of superior vena caval flow (SVCF) and transtricuspid E/A ratio have not been reported. Therefore the present investigation was performed to elucidate these correlations. METHODS: Fifty patients (26 men, mean age 63.1+/-11.1 years), who did not have significant tricuspid valvular disease and restrictive filling pattern on tricuspid and superior vena caval doppler, were included in this study. SVCF was recorded with the transducer positioned at subxiphoid area and the sample volume placed 2 cm within the superior vena cava. Blood flow across the tricuspid valve was obtained from standard four chamber view or modified parasternal four chamber view with the sample volume placed on leaflet tips. Recording was made during midexpiratory apnea. The following doppler parameters were measured: transtricuspid E and A velocity, E/A ratio: systolic (S) and diastolic (D) peak velocities and time velocity integrals (TVI), S/D velocity ratio, S/D TVI ratio, atrial reversal peak velocity (ArV) and TVI (ArTVI) in SVCF. RESULTS: 1) In SVCF, S velocity (63.7+/-11.8 cm/s vs 73.4+/-13.6 cm/sec, p<0.05), S TVI (17.4+/-3.6 cm vs 21.1+/-6.2 cm, p<0.05), ArV (30.0+/-6.9 cm/s vs 37.2+/-7.3 cm/s, p<0.005), and ArTVI (2.7+/-0.8 cm vs 3.3+/-0.8 cm, p<0.01) were significantly decreased in group E/A>1. And D TVI (7.1+/-3.0 cm vs 5.2+/-3.1 cm, p<0.05) and D/S TVI ratio (0.41+/-0.13 vs 0.26+/-0.14, p<0.05) were significantly increased in group E/A>1. 2) As E/A ratio increased, diastolic TVI (r=0.315, p<0.05) and D/S TVI ratio (r=0.448, p<0.001) increased, and ArTVI (r=-0.376, p<0.01) and ArV (r=-0.416, p<0.01) decreased. 3) As E peak velocity increased, SVCF D peak velocity increased (r=0.305, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tricusupid E/A ratio has positive correlations with D TVI and D/S TVI ratio, and negative correlations with ArTVI and ArV. But there were no correlations in S velocity, D velocity, and S/D velocity ratio as the relation of mitral E/A ratio with PVFVP.
Apnea ; Humans ; Male ; Transducers ; Tricuspid Valve ; Vena Cava, Superior

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological features and treatment results of 49 cases of gastric stump cancer based on the classification proposed by the Korean Gastric Cancer Association. METHODS: A total of 49 patients with gastric stump cancer, who underwent operation from 1991 to 2000, were divided into three group: primary cancer (group I, n=20), remnant cancer (group II, n=15) and recurrent cancer (group III, n=14). The clinicopathological features and patient survivors in each groups were analyzed and compared with the primary upper one third cancer patients. RESULTS: The incidence of operated stump cancer was 0.8% (49/6, 445 cases) during the ten years. The male to female ratio was 3.9: 1 and mean age was 56.5 years (range 39~ 83 years). The resectability was 96% (47/49 cases) and curability was 73.4% (36/49 cases). There were 16 (80%), 1 (7%), 0 (0%) cases of benign primary disease and 4 (20%), 14 (93%), 14 (100%) cases of malignant primary disease in each group, respectively. The mean duration from primary disease to stump cancer was 21.7 years (10~40 years) in group I, 3.4 years (4 months~9 years 2 months) in group II and 3.4 years (1 year~7 years 5 months) in group III. The 5 year-survival rate was 45.1% in group I, 63.5% in group II and 0% in group III. But there was no statistic differences in 5 year-survival rates between stump cancer (33.0%) and primary cancer of the upper one third (30.9%). CONCLUSION: The condition of the primary disease, tumor location, duration of cancer development and tumor stage had statistical differences between the three groups. In the case of benign disease, the patients belonged in the high-risk group for the new development of gastric cancer following 20 years. Early detection of cancer in the remnant stomach by periodic follow up is important, especially in high-risk groups, and application of aggressive surgical treatment will improve patient survival.
Classification ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Gastric Stump* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survivors

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic gastrectomy has oncologic unreliability, technical problems, and is expensive. To overcome these drawbacks, we performed operations through a small laparotomy without using a laparoscopic procedure. METHODS: From March to August, 2003, we successfully performed distal gastrectomy with minilaparotomy for 21 patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer in our hospital. An additional 24 patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent conventional laparotomy for distal gastrectomy. We performed distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, moving the abdominal window to the surgical site. We compared BMI, operating time, bleeding volume, and postoperative pain, and followed minilaparotomy patients for an average of 48 months. RESULTS: There were no postoperative complications in minilaparotomy patients. The minilaparotomy group had a shorter hospital stay lower analgesic use than conventional laparotomy, but there were no differences in BMI, bleeding volume, or the number of harvested lymph nodes. Minilaparotomy alleviated the severity of postoperative pain, and there were no recurrences during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Minilaparotomy for early gastric cancer improved postoperative outcome without oncologic inadequacy compared with conventional laparotomy. Therefore, distal gastrectomy via a minilaparotomy may become a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for early gastric cancer.
Bleeding Time ; Gastrectomy ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: There is an individual variation in the hepatic injuries following alcohol abuse, which may be partly caused by the diverse activities of enzymes participating in the degradation of alcohol. Polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene has been reported to affect the degradating activity of the enzyme, which may be eventually associated with the severity of alcoholic liver disease. In this study we were to evaluate the effects of genetic polymorphism of CYP2E1 on hepatocellular injury or fibrosis. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship of CYP2E1 genotypes to the biochemical and clinical characteristics as well as TGFbeta1 expressions in a total of 33 patients (M:F=32:1) with advanced alcoholic liver cirrhosis. CYP2E1 genotypes were determined by RFLP using RsaI and PstI. The amounts of serum TGFbeta1 were measured by ELISA (TGFbetta1 ELISA system, Promega, USA). RESULTS: Out of 33, 23 (70%) had the CYP2E1 of genotype A and all of the remaining 10 (30%) were type B; there was no one who had type C. The serum albumin levels of patients with type A of CYP2E1 gene were lower than those with type B (p=0.01); the Child-Pugh scores were also higher in patients with type A than B (p=0.03). However, there was no difference between the two groups in the serum AST, ALT, gamma-GTP and bilirubin levels. The patients expressed similar amount of serum TGFbetta1 regardless of their CYP2E1 genotypes. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates that the most common genotype of CYP2E1 is type A (70%) in patients with advanced alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Korea. It is also suggested that patients with enotype A of CYP2E1 may be associated with more advanced alcoholic liver cirrhosis compared to those with type B.
Alcoholics* ; Alcoholism ; Bilirubin ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1* ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System* ; Cytochromes* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibrosis ; Genotype ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic* ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Serum Albumin ; Transforming Growth Factor beta