Objective Through performance analysis of domestic red blood cells folic acid instrument to verify its testing ability. Methods According to national committee for clinical laboratory standards(NCCLS)EP5-A2,the precision was obtained through two level quality product detection within 20 days then the intra-assay variation coefficient(CV),inter-assay CV and CV in labora-tory was calculated and compared with the precision requirement coming from the red blood cells folic acid biological variation.Ac-cording to EP6-A,the linear evaluation was investigated with method of polynomial regression.By measuring the red blood cells fo-lic acid from 20 persons who presented the total healthy people,the reference scope given by the manufacturer was verified.Results Within the group CV was less than 6.67%(1/4 of biological variation allow total error),between the group CV was less than 8.90%(1/3 of biological variation allow total error),the laboratory CV was less than 13.35%(1/2 of biological variation allow to-tal error).At medical decision level,the calculated bias and the confidence limit were smaller than the allow range of error.Both fac-tors of quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial regression models were not statistically significant compared with zero,so detec-tion system was linear.The reference scope given by manufacturer was not suitable for the local people.Conclusion The precision, accuracy and linearity of domestic red blood cells folic acid analyzer were accord with requirements.The laboratory should establish reference interval suitable for the local population.

Objective To explore the differences of serum free fatty acids (FFA)between the hyperlipidemia group and the healthy people with different ages and genders.Methods 912 healthy individuals of physical examination (healthy control group) and 1 061 patients with hyperlipidemia were selected and detected the serum FFA,total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipo-protein-cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,fasting plasma glucose and body mass index.The covariance analysis was used to investigate the differences in the level of serum FFA among different genders and age groups.The relationship between ser-um FFA and other serum lipids index in the patients with hyperlipidemia was analyzed by the multiple correlation analysis.Results The serum FFA level in the middle-aged females,middle-aged males and young males with hyperlipidemia was higher than that in the corresponding control groups;the serum FFA level in the young females with hyperlipidemia was lower than that in the other groups with hyperlipidemia;in the population groups with normal blood lipid,the serum FFA level in the old-age group was signifi-cantly higher than that in the middle-age and young group.Conclusion There is a difference in the serum FFA level in the hyperlip-idemia group with different ages and genders.

Objective To explore the status of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in hospitals in Buyi autono-mous prefecture of Guizhou Povince,and provide basis for formulating HAI control measures.Methods A survey was conducted by combined methods of bed-side survey and medical record reviewing,prevalence rates of secondary and above hospitals in Buyi autonomous prefecture in Guizhou Province between September 10 and October 5,2014 were surveyed.Results 6 577 hospitalized patients should be investigated,6 541(99.45%)were actually investiga-ted.The prevalence rate and case prevalence rate of HAI were 1 .83% (n=120)and 1 .94%(n=127)respectively. The top three departments of HAI distribution were intensive care unit (26.32%),neurosurgery (6.10%),and neonatal intensive care unit(5.13%);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(n=39,30.71 %),followed by skin-soft tissue (n=24,18.90%)and superficial incision (n=23,18.11 %).58 pathogenic isolates were detec-ted,gram-negative bacteria were the major pathogens (n=44),gram-positive bacteria and fungi were 10 and 3 iso-lates respectively.Antimicrobial usage rate at survey day was 42.12%,64.75% of which were for therapeutic, 26.83% for prophylactic,and 8.42% for therapeutic+prophylactic use;the percentage of mono-drug,two drugs combination,and three or more drugs combination use were 79.53%,19.89%,and 0.58% respectively;bacterial detection rate in patients receiving therapeutic as well as therapeutic+prophylactic antimicrobial use was 13.76%. Conclusion Survey on prevalence of HAI is helpful for understanding the current status of HAI,monitoring on HAI in key departments of hospital and key sites of patients should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence HAI effectively.

Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in hospitals of Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province,and provide basis for formulating prevention and con-trol measures of HAI.Methods According to the unified plan of the National HAI Surveillance Network,26 hospi-tals in Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province were performed cross-sectional survey on HAI prevalence rate,antimicrobial use,and specimen bacterial culture rate.Results A total of 3 tertiary and 23 seconda-ry hospitals were investigated,7 799 inpatients were included,the prevalence rate of HAI was 2.54%(n =198), and case prevalence rate was 2.65% (n=205).HAI mainly distributed in intensive care unit (29.63%);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract (44.44%);HAI mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria,the major pathogens were Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,and Klebsiella pneumoniae .The usage rate of antimi-crobial agents was 45.66%,secondary hospitals was higher than tertiary hospitals (53.65% vs 31 .14%,χ2 =148.53,P <0.001 ).74.02% of antimicrobial agents were for therapeutic purpose,19.77% for prophylaxis,and 6.21 % for both prophylactic and therapeutic application;81 .02% of patients received one agent,17.21 % received two,and 1 .77% received three and more agents;among patients who received antimicrobials for therapeutic as well as for both therapeutic and prophylactic purpose,only 29.37% were sent specimens for pathogenic detection.Conclusion The prevalence rate in this region is lower than national average level,antimicrobial usage rate is lower than national standard,management of key departments and key sites should be strengthened,antimicrobial agents,especially used in secondary hospitals should be used rationally.

Objective:To study the effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on the organs of mice in vivo after intratracheal instillation, and to provide the basis for safety evaluation of SiO2 nanoparticles. Methods:Forty female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group (saline), low dose of SiO2 group (7 mg·kg-1), middle dose of SiO2 group (21 mg·kg-1), and high dose of SiO2 group (35 mg·kg-1).1 and 15 d after five times of non-exposed intratracheal instilation infection (once every 3 d), the mice were sacrificed and the left lungs,the right kidneys, livers, hearts and spleens were collected and embedded in paraffin.The morphology of tissue sections was observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The eyeball blood was obtained and the biochemical indicators of liver and kidndy functions were detected.Results:Compared with control group, there were alveolar interval thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, and a small amount of small arterial thrombosis in the lungs;granulomatous inflammatory cell infiltration and a small amount of focal necrosis of liver cells in the livers;red pulp enlargement, hyperemia, and more visibly scattered megakaryocytes in the spleens in SiO2 nanoparticles groups in a dose-dependent manner, especially in middle and high doses of SiO2 groups.After 15 d of injection, the damages alleviated with the prolongation of time.There was some inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney tissue of the mice in SiO2 nanoparticle groups.The biochemical indicator detection results showed that alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate transaminase(AST) levels in SiO2 nanoparticles groups varied, suggesting the liver cell damages were at different degrees;the changes of urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine(Cr) levels in SiO2 nanoparticle groups remindered the kidney function alteration, but there were no obvious dose-and time-dependent effects.Conclusion:Intratracheal instillation of SiO2 nanoparticles can influence the major organs of the mice and mainly displays in the inflammation and injuries in the lung, liver, and spleen.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide(Len)-based regimens in the treatment to patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods Twenty-five multiple myeloma patients who received Len-based regimens were enrolled in this study. There were 5 newly-diagnosed MM patients, 13 relapsed/refractory (rel/ref) MM and 7 MM patients at plateau after treatment. The newly-diagnosed patients received R-PAD regimen, rel/ref MM received R-MD and the patients at plateau(maintenance treatment group) due to more than 2 grade peripheral neuropathy (PN) received Len monotherapy. Results All of the five newly-diagnosed MM achieved complete remission (CR) (100 %) after 2 courses of theatment; of 13 rel/ref patients (76.92 %) achieved overall response, including 3 (23.08 %) achieving CR, 2 (15.38 %) very good partial response (VGPR), 5 (38.46 %) partial response (PR) and the overall response rate was 76.92 %. Two of the other three no response patients had stable disease(SD) and one had progress disease(PO). The seven patients in maintenant treatment group maintained remission in an average follow-up period of 38 weeks and their PN was relieved in various degrees. Conclusion R-PAD regimen is a highly active regimen for newlydiagnosed MM and R-MD regimen is a promising regimen for rel/ref MM, especially for the patients with serious PN; Len may be a good choice as maintenant chemotherapy for the patients with PN.

Objective To explore the value of monitoring in vertebral and spinal cord operation by the real-time monitoring of the spinal cord in the process of operation.Methods Nineteen cases were included by the real-time monitoring of spinal cord in the process of operation.Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy during following-up before and discharge after operation,6 months and 12 months after operation.Results Intraoperative ultrasound monitoring in the 19 patients had no symptom of spinal cord injury and other complications within the plant without loosening fracture occurred were bony fusion; the average JOA scores in the patients before operation,discharge after operation,6 months and 12 months after operation were 8.80±1.60,14.00±1.57,14.60±1.61 and 14.80±1.58,respectively.The improvement rate of JOA score for discharge after operation,6 months and 12 months after operation were individually 51.6%,61.3%,and 64.5%.The JOA score after operation was obviously higher than that before operation.The significant difference between the two groups was observed in the experiment (P<0.05).The cervical spinal canal sagittal diameter significantly increased after operation (mean sagittal diameter of the expansion of 6.6 mm),compared with that before the trial (P<0.05).Conclusion The real-time monitoring with ultrasonography during operation can identify the change of spinal cord and provide the image evidence of operative efficiency to avoid the injury in vertebral and spinal cord operation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of rhizoma paridis total saponins(RPTS)on the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in blood serum of two-hit rat model induced by multiple fractures and lipopolysaccharide.

METHODSSixty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The models were made in four groups (expect the blank control group) in accordance with the standard of two-hit animal model induced by multiple fractures and lipopolysaccharide. At 1 hour after models made,the rats in RPTS groups were given rhizoma paridis total saponins with different concentrations by intragastric administration. Six hours later, the concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in the blood serum of all rats were detected by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay).

RESULTSThe concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 in blood serum of rats in the model group were remarkably higher than those in the blank control group (P<0.001), and these in the RPTS groups were remarkably lower than those in the model group (P<0001).

CONCLUSIONRPTS can decrease the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and IL-1 beta in the blood serum of rats subjected to two-hit induced by multiple fractures and lipopolysaccharide.

Animals ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; metabolism ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND: Benzalkonium chloride has been used in dental restorative materials to enhance the long-lasting antibacterial properties of materials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of benzalkonium chloride on oral common pathogenic bacteria in vitro. METHODS: The agar diffusion method was used to determine the inhibitory effects of antibacterial agents, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride, 3% H2O2and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, on five kind of oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Prevotella intermedia (P.i), Actinobacillus actionmycemcomitans (A.a), Streptococcus mutans (S.m) and Enterococcus faecalis (E.f). The tube dilution method was used to detect the minimal inhibitory concentration of benzalkonium chloride against the five bacteria mentioned above. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride on P.g was not significantly different from that of 3% hydrogen peroxide (P＞0.05), while 0.1% benzalkonium chloride showed better effect on P.i than 3% hydrogen peroxide (P＜0.05). On P.g and P.i, the antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride was worse than that of 5.25% sodium hypochloritethe ( P＜0.05). The antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride on A.a and S.m was better than that of 3% hydrogen peroxide (P＜0.05), and similar to that of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (P＞0.05). The antibacterial effect of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride on E.f was better than that of 3% hydrogen peroxide (P ＜ 0.05), but worse than that of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (P ＜ 0.05). The minimal inhibitory concentration of benzalkonium chloride to P.g, P.i, A.a, S.m, E.f was 16, 2, 4, 2, 4 mg/L, respectively. To conclude, 0.1% benzalkonium chloride has strong antibacterial effects on P.g, P.i, A.a, S.m and E.f.

OBJECTIVETo study on the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in the rat of adjuvant arthritis (AA).

METHODSForty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (n = 8), an inflammatory group (n = 10), an acupoint EA group (n = 10), a non-acupoint EA group (n = 10) and a contralateral acupoint EA group (n = 10). Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 50 microL were injected into the left malleolus' articular cavity in the rats except the blank control group for preparing single local adjuvant arthritis (AA) model. EA was given every other day to the acupoint EA group, the non-acupoint EA group and the contralateral acupoint EA group. The improving effects of EA at "Huantiao" (GB 30) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) on the dorsal flexion pain score and the swell of dorsum of hind paw were investigated, and effects of EA on Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) positive cells immunoreactivity in the inflammatory tissue of the AA rats on the 14th day after injection of adjuvant were observed with immunohistochemical technique.

RESULTSHyperalgesia and local swell, and GDNF in the dermal and subcutaneous tissue around the inflammatory ankle joint in the inflammatory groups were significantly higher than those in the blank control group. EA on the ipsilateral and contralateral acupoints reduced the pain, promoted the recovery of swell, and decreased the positive area percentage and mean optical density of GDNF positive cells in the dermal and the subcutaneous tissues. However, the non-acupoint EA group did not have this action.

CONCLUSIONEA can regulate expression of GDNF in local dermal tissue of the inflammatory focus in the AA rat, so as to exert the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; metabolism ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley