In order to evaluate the ability of spin-echo MR imaging to differentiate slow flow from mural thrombus in aortic diseases, we reviewed the spin-echo MR images of 13 patients with intraaortic thrombus documented by CT (N=11) or aortography (N=2). Six patients had aortic aneurysms and seven had aortic dissection. Intraaortic mural thrombi were accompanied by flow-related intraluminal signal of various patterns and extents in all 13 patients. On 10 gated MR studies, slow flow regions showed even-echo rephasing phenomenon (N=8), interslice variation of signal intensities of the intraluminal signal (N=7) and flow-related ghost artifact (N=2). However, these MR flow phenomena were obscured on two of three non-gated studies. Seven of 13 intraaortic thrombi remained hyperintense on T2-weighted second-echo images. In these circumstances, a hypointense boundary layer between slow flow and mural thrombus, which was caused by either 'boundary layer dephasing phenomenon' of slow flow or 'paramagnetic T2 shortening' of fresh clot at the edge of mural thrombus, was useful in discriminating the area of slow flow from that of mural thrombus. Proper interpretation of spin-echo MR images may obviate the need for phase display imaging or gradientecho imaging in differentiating slow flow and mural thrombus.
Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Diseases* ; Aortography ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Thrombosis*

In order to evaluate the ability of spin-echo MR imaging to differentiate slow flow from mural thrombus in aortic diseases, we reviewed the spin-echo MR images of 13 patients with intraaortic thrombus documented by CT (N=11) or aortography (N=2). Six patients had aortic aneurysms and seven had aortic dissection. Intraaortic mural thrombi were accompanied by flow-related intraluminal signal of various patterns and extents in all 13 patients. On 10 gated MR studies, slow flow regions showed even-echo rephasing phenomenon (N=8), interslice variation of signal intensities of the intraluminal signal (N=7) and flow-related ghost artifact (N=2). However, these MR flow phenomena were obscured on two of three non-gated studies. Seven of 13 intraaortic thrombi remained hyperintense on T2-weighted second-echo images. In these circumstances, a hypointense boundary layer between slow flow and mural thrombus, which was caused by either 'boundary layer dephasing phenomenon' of slow flow or 'paramagnetic T2 shortening' of fresh clot at the edge of mural thrombus, was useful in discriminating the area of slow flow from that of mural thrombus. Proper interpretation of spin-echo MR images may obviate the need for phase display imaging or gradientecho imaging in differentiating slow flow and mural thrombus.
Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Diseases* ; Aortography ; Artifacts ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Thrombosis*

Mixed Mullerian tumors are rate uterine malignancy and occur primarily in postmenopausal women. We have experienced three case of pathologically proven mixed Mullerian tumor. Two cases had prior history of pelvic irradiation for uterine cervical carcinoma. We suggest that mixed Mullerian tumor should be suspected when an enlarged uterus with polypoid masses in the uterine cavity are initially observed in postmenopausal women who had history of pelvic irradiation.
Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Uterus

Mixed Mullerian tumors are rate uterine malignancy and occur primarily in postmenopausal women. We have experienced three case of pathologically proven mixed Mullerian tumor. Two cases had prior history of pelvic irradiation for uterine cervical carcinoma. We suggest that mixed Mullerian tumor should be suspected when an enlarged uterus with polypoid masses in the uterine cavity are initially observed in postmenopausal women who had history of pelvic irradiation.
Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Pneumothorax, Artificial*

Polyethylene wear is one of the major problems following total knee arthroplasty. Many factors affect the degree and the pattern of polyethylene wear. We experienced three cases of early catastrophic poly- ethylene wears. All cases showed flexion contracture with severe genu varum deformity and total knee arthroplasty was performed with Advantim total knee prostheses in all cases. Postoperatively, bony align- ment and ligament balancing were good in all cases. However, in 12 to 22 months later, lateral subluxa- tion and valgus instability were developed with early catastrophic polyethylene wear especially in the medial compartments. Flat surface geornetry of polyethylene might be responsible for the development of lateral subluxation and early catastrophic wears. From these experience, we concluded that the mediolat- eral as well as anteroposterior dishing is essential for the stability of the artificial joint and prevention of early rapid wear of polyethylene articular inserts following total knee arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Genu Varum ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Prosthesis ; Ligaments ; Polyethylene*

No abstract available.
Joints*

The study was undertaken to assess the ventricular system of the brain in normal korean adults on the base ofCT. The computerized tomographic examinations of 334 Korean adults between ages of 15 to 50 years, performed atSeoul National University Hospital, were evaluated. The known to be a reliable indicator of the ventricular size.This ratio was measured at the level of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles respelctively. The shape of thequardigeminal and suprasellar cistern was analyzed. The resuls are as follows; 1. The cerebroventricular ratios ofthe lateral ventricle at the level of the widest bifrontal and bicaudate diameters were 0.30±0.04 and 0.14±0.02,respectively. The lateral ventricle was asymmetric in 12.6%, of which the left side was usually larger than theright. 2.There was correlation between the cerebroventricular ratio and age, i,e., with increase of age, the C-Vratio increased slightly. 3. The cerebroventricular ratio of the third ventricle was 0.03±0.01. 4. Thecerebroventricular ratio of the fourth ventricle in width and height was 0.14±0.02 and 0.10±0.03, respectively.The anteroposterior position index of the fourth ventricle was 0.42±0.04. 5. The quadrigeminal cistern showedU-shape in 23.4%. 6. The suprasellar cistern showed pentagonal shape in 61.1%, round in 28.4% and hexagonal in10.5%. 7. There was no significant difference between male and female according to the above results.
Adult ; Brain ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Third Ventricle

The tibial plateau fracture is a common fracture in the knee joint. Tibial plateau fracture involves most always the articulating cartilage and produce the disability of the knee joint oftenly. The 25 cases of tibial fractures have been classified by Hohls method and analysed their clinical courses more than three month period. The 13 cases out of 25 had treated in conservative method such as plaster of Paris with or without closed reduction. Remaining 12 cases were treated operatively due to the failure of closed reduction or associated injury of major ligaments. More than 8 mm of depression or 5 mm split of the plateau fragment is classified as failure of closed reduction. Excellent end result is obtained in 21 cases with free of pain on walking and full range of joint motion without instability and muscle weakness, Three cases were classified as Good result with occasional pain on walking, range of joint motion is available more than 0~90 degree and good grade of muscle power without instability. One case was poor in result with instability of joint and pain on walking. The radiological end result of accurate reduction of fragment is not closely correlated with functional result in the treatment of tibial plateau fracture. The most important factor in the treatment of tibial plateau fracture is the exercises of the joint as early as possible.
Calcium Sulfate ; Cartilage ; Depression ; Exercise ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Muscle Weakness ; Tibial Fractures ; Walking

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the arterial phase of dynamic spiral CT in the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared with the late phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two phase spiral CT images of seventeen patients with pathologically proven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas were compared retrospectively. CT scans were performed with 5mm collimation at 1:1 pitch table speed. Images of arterial and late phases were obtained at 35 seconds and 180 seconds after initiation of administration of 100mL of contrast material(3mL/sec), respectively. Images of the arterial phase were compared with those of the late phase. RESULTS: Images of the arterial phase showed sufficient contrast between the tumor and adjacent pancreatic parenchyma in 12 cases, insufficient in four cases, and no significant contrast in one case. Images of the late phase showed sufficient contrast in five cases, insufficient in five cases, and no significant contrast in seven cases. Images of the arterial phase was superior to that of the late phase in 12 patients(70.6%). In six of the 12 patients, only the images of the arterial phase showed contrast between the tumor and the adjacent parenchyma. The images of late phase showed only one case of three metastasis detected on the images of the arterial phase. CONCLUSION: The arterial phase of spiral CT is superior to the late phase that is comparable with conventional CT in the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed