No abstract available.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*

We prepared two monoclonal antibodies-A-I30 and A-I4 to HDL apo A-I-with the ultimate goals of expressing and overproducing the valuable immunodiagnostic single chain Fv by phage display libraries in E, coli. Monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice with apolipoprotein A-I, and purified from ascitic fluid by affinity chromatography on a Protein A Sepharose CL-4B column. The specificity of A-I30 and A-I4 was confirmed by ELISA and Western blotting. The dissociation constants(Kd) of antigen-antibody complex obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method were 2.25 x 10(-8) M for A-I30 and 2.15 x 10(-8) M for A-I4. The experimental values of Kd are shown to be close to those obtained by immunoprecipitation of the radiolabeled antigen. From the above results, it was shown that A-I30 and A-I4 could be provided as excellent reagents for the determination of plasma HDL concentrations in clinical specimens using ELISA.
Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibody Affinity ; Apolipoprotein A-I/*immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Hybridomas ; Lipoproteins, HDL/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

57 cases of portal vein thrombosis detected by ultrasonography were analized. The results were as follows: 1.Most common cause was hepatocellular carcinoma, showing 49 out of 57 cases(86%). 2. Sonographic findings revealedechogenic thrombus in the dilated portal vein. Echogenecity of thrombus was similar to the surrounding liverparenchyma, Thrombus was mainly located in the intrahepatic branch and main portal vein. 3. The location ofthrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma was related to the location of tumor, and frequently extended to the mainportal vein(68.9%). Incidence of thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma revealed 49 out of 157 cases, butprospective study showed 42 out of 84 cases(50%). Thrombosis was more common in large sized ill-defined diffuseinfiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma. 4. CT(only 15 cases analyzed) findings revealed low density in the portalvein in all the cases and periportal enhancement in 10 cases on post-enhanced scan. 5. Collateral circulationswere largely detected at the porta hepatis and gallblader fossa. The detection rate was lower on theultrasonography than on the CT or angiography.
Angiography ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Incidence ; Portal Vein ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography ; Venous Thrombosis

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) with 2.0 Tesla superconductive magnet developed by Korea Advanced Institute ofScience was performed in 25 patients with various abdominal diseases and compared with x-ray CT. MRI was obtainedwith spin echo technique using a variety of pulse sequence and various slice orientation including axial, sgittaland coronal section in order to evaluate the diagnostic value, limitation and to determine the optimal pulsesequency in various abdominal diseases. MRI demonstrated the capability of detecting the lesions shown on CT inall cases and also detected one case of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma which was not seen on CT. MRI showedcapability of differentiation of various liver mass including hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangnioma and simplecyst. MRI showed better anatomical resolution of tumor in retroperitoneum and pelvis, however CT delineatedalimentary tract disease better than MRI did.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pelvis

Purpose: This study aimed to examine effect sizes of leadership styles of nursing managers on turnover intention of hospital nurses. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Participants were nurses working in hospitals. The intervention involved nursing managers’ leadership styles; the outcome assessed was nurses’ turnover intention. This was an observational study design. Eleven databases were searched to obtain articles published in Korean or English. Of the 14,428 articles reviewed, 21 were included in systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and R software programs were used. Results: The total effect size r (ESr) was - 0.25 (95% confidence interval: - 0.29 to - 0.20). Effect sizes of each leadership style on turnover intention were as follows: ethical leadership (ESr = - 0.34), transformational leadership (ESr = - 0.28), authentic leadership (ESr = - 0.23), transactional leadership (ESr = - 0.21), and passive avoidant leadership (ESr = 0.13). Ethical leadership was the most effective style in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses. Conclusion Positive leadership styles of nurse managers effectively decrease turnover intention of hospital nurses, and negative leadership styles of nurse managers effectively increase turnover intention of hospital nurses. The ethical leadership style is the most effective in decreasing turnover intention of hospital nurses; however, it requires careful interpretation as its effects are reported by only two studies. This study contributes to addressing the high turnover rate of hospital nurses and developing positive leadership styles of nurse managers in hospital settings.

One hundred of clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. from three hospitals were analyzed by phenotypic and genotypic characteristics for epidemiologic investigation. Almost all isolates of Klebsiella spp. showed highly resistance to ampicillin, and carbenicillin and 4.5-7.9% of K. pneumoniae isolates were also resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and 10-15% to aminoglycoside antibiotics except amikacin. However, all strains were highly susceptible to imipenem, cefotetan, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. All Koxytoca strains were susceptible to antimicrobials tested except Ap, Am and Cb. Twelve strains of K. pneumoniae hybridized with TEM or SHV probe and extended spectrum B-lactamases from 7 strains were TEM type. Eleven conjugative R plasmids and their parental strains were analyzed. Among them, three couples of plasmids showed identical or nearly identical resistance phenotypes of B-lactams and aminoglycosides, molecular weights, and pI values by isoelectric focusing, and hybridized fragment patterns with TEM probe by Southern hybridization, EcoR1 restriction endonuclease fragment patterns. Their parental strains were isolated from sputum, tissue, and ascites of patients and had similar characteristics. These results indicate that the epidemic strains or epidemic plasmids were present in this hospital and antimicrobial resistance anlysis can be used to discriminate clinical isolates of multi-resistant K. pneumoniae.
Amikacin ; Aminoglycosides ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ascites ; Carbenicillin ; Cefotaxime ; Cefotetan ; Ceftazidime ; Ciprofloxacin ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Epidemiology* ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Klebsiella* ; Molecular Weight ; Parents ; Phenotype ; Plasmids ; Pneumonia ; R Factors ; Sputum

The 3 beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 14 to 16 Kg were utilized in this study. Horizontal furcation defects were induced around 3rd, and 4th premolars bilaterally. BMP-4 in conjunction with EGF and BMP-4 only were applied in the right and left premolars respectively. 1 animal was sacrificed at 2nd week, 4th week, and 8th week, after regenerative surgery respectively. Semi-thin sections using glass-knife were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome for light microscopic study. The results were as follows : 1. The long junctional epithelial down-growth was observed in both area applied with BMP-4 and with BMP-4 and EGF at 2nd week after the surgery. 2. The extensive regeneration of new bone and cementum was appeared at 4th week and the maturation of bone was observed at 8th week in both area applied with BMP-4 and with BMP-4 and EGF. 3. The root ankylosis and resorption was presented along the exposed root surface at the coronal 1/3 of defect in the BMP-4 applied site, but it was not shown in the site applied with BMP-4 in conjunction with EGF at the 4th week. At 8th week, the root ankylosis was apparently appeared in the BMP-4 and EGF applied site as well as in the BMP-4 applied site. 4. The periodontal ligament tissue including Sharpey's fiber inserted into cementum and alveolar bone, was formed along the exposed root surface in the area applied with BMP-4 only, but in the site applied with BMP-4 and EGF, the collagen fiber running parallel to the root surface without Sharpey's fiber, was observed in the periodontal ligament space at 4th and 8th week. Within the above results, BMP-4 had the remarkable capability to regenerate the periodontal tissue and EGF had possibility to prevent from the root ankylosis. Therefore, growth factors including BMP-4 and EGF may have the strong possibility to be utilized in the clinical periodontal treatments.
Animals ; Ankylosis ; Bicuspid ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins* ; Collagen ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Furcation Defects ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Periodontal Ligament ; Regeneration* ; Running

Nickel compounds are carcinogenic to human and are potent inducers of kidney and lung tumors in experimental animals. In this study, the effects of nickel(II) acetate on apoptosis, cell cycle and bcl2 expression in normal rat kidney (NRK- 52E) cells were investigated. Nickel(II) induced apoptosis in NRK-52E cells as demonstrated by DNA laddering. Apparent DNA laddering was observed in cells treated with 480 microM for 48 hr. In the flow cytometric analysis using propidium iodide fluorescence, an increase of cell proportion in G2/M phase was shown in cells exposed to at least 320 microM of nickel(II) acetate, from 7.7% for 0 microM of nickel(II) to 16.5% for 480 microM of nickel(II) acetate. Induction of apoptotic cell death by nickel(II) was accompanied by reduction of bcl2 protein expression, while the level of p53 protein was not changed. Taken together, our data indicate that nickel(II)-induced apoptosis in NRK-52E cells is accompanied by G2/M cell cycle arrest, regardless of p53 function, and that bcl2-mediated signaling pathway may be involved in positive regulation of nickel(II)-induced apoptotic cell death in NRK-52E cells.
Acetates/*toxicity ; Animal ; Apoptosis/*drug effects/physiology ; Cell Cycle/drug effects/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Kidney/cytology ; Organometallic Compounds/*toxicity ; Protein p53/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*genetics ; Rats

The Psychopathology of schizophrenia is composed of many heterogeneous symptom complex, and multifaceted approaches have been done on this subject. It is so simplified a method that the complex symptoms of schizophrenia are classified into only positive and negative symptoms. Preceded studies of other researchers said cognitive deficit of the schizophrenics played important roles in the symptom formation. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the relationship between the symptoms of schizophrenia and the memory function and low level of cognitive function. In this study, 30 subacute and chronic schizophrenic patients were included. PANSS(Positive and Negative Symptom Scale) was applied to evaluate the clinical symptoms in each subject. The memory function and low level cognitive function were evaluated using WMS-R(Wechsler Memory Scale-revised version) and Decision-reaction timer. The results showed negative correlations between cognitive factor of PANSS(5 factor model) and delayed recall of WMS-R. These results suggest the possibility that symptom evaluation using PANSS can be a preliminary estimation of cognitive function in schizophrenia.
Humans ; Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests* ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia* ; Symptom Assessment

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate mortality rates and risk factors in dementia patients in a rural cohort. METHODS: A total of 114 subjects with clinically diagnosed dementia were followed up for eight years from 1997 to 2005. Their mortality was compared with sociodemographic and clinical variables using the Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting age, sex, and education. RESULTS: During follow-up, the mortality rate of subjects was 80.2% and the mean (SD) duration of survival from at diagnosis to death was 4 years. Mortality in subjects with dementia depended on old age (relative risk [RR] : 1.05 ; 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.01-1.08), male (RR : 1.61 ; CI : 1.00-2.59), low Clinical Dementia Rating scale (RR : 1.54 ; CI : 1.14-2.10), low Activities of Daily Living (RR : 0.72 ; CI : 0.59-0.89), low Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (RR : 0.83 ; CI : 0.75-0.92), no physical activity (RR : 0.44 ; CI : 0.28-0.70), smoking (RR : 1.74 ; CI : 1.05-2.89). CONCLUSION: Mortality in dementia depended on age, sex, CDR, ADL, IADL, physical activity, smoking. These findings have important implications that contribute to make the disease management of dementia patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cohort Studies ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis ; Disease Management ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality* ; Motor Activity ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking