Objective: To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric ulcer. Methods: Animal model of stress-induced gastric ulcer was established in rats with water-immersion restraint (WIR) stress. The mucosal activation of ERK1/2 was observed before and 5, 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2 and 3.5 h after WIR stress. Some animals were also treated with an intravenous injection of PD98059 (1 mg/kg), a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor, 1 h prior to WIR stress. Expression of total ERK1/2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis; ERK1/2 activity was measured by kinase activity assay using myelin basic protein as a specific substrate. DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Mucosal TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blot analysis. The degrees of the gastric mucosal lesions were expressed as ulcer index (UI) and pathological evaluation. Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa was examined by an in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Results: Activated ERK1/2 was very weakly expressed in the gastric mucosa of normal rats. ERK1/2 was rapidly activated in the gastric mucosa of rats 15 min after WIR stress and the activity reached the maximal after 3.5 h. Pretreatment with PD98059 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 activation, decreased AP-1 and NF-κB activities and TNF-α and IL-β mRNA expression, and obviously relieved gastric mucosal lesions, accompanied by caspase-3 activation and increased apoptosis. Conclusion: The present results indicate that ERK1/2 activation plays an important role in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer.

Objective To investigate the expression of AR and its relationship with clinicopathological features in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(Her-2) enrich breast cancer. Mehtods The expression of AR was detected by immunohistochemical staining in 102 patients with Her-2 enrich breast cancer. The relationship between AR expression and its clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Results The positive rate of AR expression was 75.5%. Patients in the positive group had a lower level of lymph nodes and Ki-67 value (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences of AR expression were observed in age, menopausal status, tumor size, histological grade, vessel invasion, P53 and PCNA (P > 0.05). Conclusion AR was highly expressed in Her-2 enrich breast cancer, which may be a potential target for treatment of Her-2 enrich breast cancer.

A quantitative HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous determination of N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine in Solani Melongenae Radix from different cultivation regions in China The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) at 30 degrees C with a gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was 300 nm. The calibration curves of N-trans-p-coumaroyloctopamine and N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine were linear over the ranges of 2.84-68.16, 3.10-74.40 mg x L(-1), and the average recoveries (n = 9) were 99.30% and 102.8%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of sixteen samples from different cultivation regions in China, which indicated that the method is simple, rapid, accurate, and reliable for quality evaluation of Solani Melongenae Radix.
Amides ; analysis ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Solanaceae ; chemistry ; classification

BACKGROUNDCurrently, there are no uniform standards and methods for perioperative glycemic control in bone fracture patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of two intensive insulin therapy regimens administered to bone fracture patients with T2DM in the perioperative period, to explore the best method of achieving perioperative glycemic control.

METHODSA number of 159 bone fracture patients with T2DM were divided into two groups. One group (n = 81) received multiple subcutaneous insulin injections (MSII group) and the other (n = 78) received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII group). Blood glucose (BG) levels, time to achieve glycemic target, insulin dosage, and the incidence of hypoglycemia and complications were compared between groups.

RESULTSBoth regimens reduced BG to desired levels before surgery. The time to reach glycemic target in CSII group (2.5 days) was significantly shorter than that in the MSII group (7.3 days; P < 0.001). Mean insulin dosage in the CSII group (0.66 IU×kg(-1)×d(-1)) was significantly lower than that in the MSII group (0.74 IU×kg(-1)×d(-1); P = 0.005), as were the incidences of hypoglycemia (15.4% vs 32.1%) and infection (6.4% vs. 23.5%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the time to reach glycemia target was associated with the insulin therapy regimen and dosage. The insulin dosage on reaching glycemia target was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus course, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and β-hydroxybutyric acid, and was negatively associated with age.

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy and safety of CSII was superior to that achieved with MSII, suggesting that CSII should be considered as initial therapy to control perioperative BG in bone fracture patients with T2DM.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; blood ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Humans ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Period ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the non-taxoids in the leaves of Taxus mairei.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography and identified by spectral data.

RESULTFive compounds, taxamairin A (1), taxamairin B (2), sciadopitysin (3), ( - ) matairesinol (4), ponasterone A (5) were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 3-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the leaves of T. mairei for the first time.

Biflavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ecdysterone ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Taxus ; chemistry

Objective To explore the expression and significance of COX-2 ,MMP-9 and PTEN in colonic adenocarcinoma tissues .Methods Seventy-two cases of pathologically archived paraffin specimens after colonic adenocarcinoma radical operation in the hospital from March 2014 to May 2016 were collected ,30 cases of colonic adenoma tissues and 30 cases of normal mucosal mem-brane tissues served as the controls .The expressions of COX-2 ,MMP-9 and PTEN were detected by adopting the immunohisto-chemical SP method .Then the correlation between COX-2 ,MMP-9 and PTEN with clinicopathological features of colonic adenocar-cinoma was analyzed .Results The positive expression rate of COX-2 and MMP-9 in colonic adenocarcinoma tissues was significant-ly higher than that in colonic adenoma tissues and normal colon mucosal membrane tissues (P<0 .05);the positive expression rate of PTEN was significantly lower than that in colonic adenoma tissues and normal colon mucosal membrane tissues (P<0 .05) .The expression of COX-2 ,MMP-9 and PTEN in colonic adenocarcinoma was correlated with the tumor invasive depth ,lymph node me-tastasis and TNM staging(P<0 .05) ,while had no correlation with sex ,age ,tumor morphology ,tumor size and differentiation de-gree(P>0 .05) .COX-2 ,MMP-9 and PTEN expressions showed negative correlation (r= -0 .260 ,-0 .282 ,P<0 .05) ,COX-2 and MMP-9 expression showed a positive correlation (r=0 .335 ,P=0 .004) .Conclusion The abnormal expression and interaction of COX-2 ,MMP-9 and PTEN are closely correlated with the occurrence ,invasion and metastasis of colonic adenocarcinoma .Their combined detection has an important significance for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of colonic adenocarcinoma .

Objective To explore expressions and clinical significance of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues.Methods The expressions of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues of 62 cases and normal colon tissuesof 20 cases were detected by immunohistochemical SP methods.Relationships between clinical pathological features and CDX2,COX-2 andVEGF were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of CDX2 in colon carcinoma tissues and normal colon tissues were 54.8％ and 95.0％ respectively,the positive expression rates of COX-2 in colon carcinoma tissues and normal colon tissues were 75.8％ and 20.0％,and the positive expression rates of VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues and normal colon tissues were 80.6％ and 25.0％.The positive expression rate of CDX2 in colon carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in normal colon tissues(P ＜ 0.05),the positive expression rates of COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colon tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expressions of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues were related with invasive depth and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Spearman correlation analysis results showed that expression of CDX2 was negatively correlated with COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues (P ＜ 0.05),and COX-2 was positively correlated with VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expressions of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF are closely related with the occurrence,development and prognosis of colon carcinoma.

Objective To explore expressions and clinical significance of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues.Methods The expressions of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues of 62 cases and normal colon tissuesof 20 cases were detected by immunohistochemical SP methods.Relationships between clinical pathological features and CDX2,COX-2 andVEGF were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of CDX2 in colon carcinoma tissues and normal colon tissues were 54.8％ and 95.0％ respectively,the positive expression rates of COX-2 in colon carcinoma tissues and normal colon tissues were 75.8％ and 20.0％,and the positive expression rates of VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues and normal colon tissues were 80.6％ and 25.0％.The positive expression rate of CDX2 in colon carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in normal colon tissues(P ＜ 0.05),the positive expression rates of COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal colon tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The positive expressions of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues were related with invasive depth and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Spearman correlation analysis results showed that expression of CDX2 was negatively correlated with COX-2 and VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues (P ＜ 0.05),and COX-2 was positively correlated with VEGF in colon carcinoma tissues (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expressions of CDX2,COX-2 and VEGF are closely related with the occurrence,development and prognosis of colon carcinoma.

Ocean is a unique and excellent resource that provides a diverse array of intriguing natural products. Marine natural products have demonstrated significant and extremely potent biological activities and have captured the attention of natural products chemists in the past few decades. It is increasingly recognized that a wealth of fascinating natural products and novel chemical entities will play a dominant role in the discovery of useful leads for the development of pharmaceutical agents and provide useful probes to lead to breakthroughs in a variety of life-science fields. This article focused on the research progress of chemistry of marine natural products in recent five years.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aquatic Organisms ; chemistry ; Biological Products ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Macrolides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Marine Biology ; Marine Toxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Peptides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Steroids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Terpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and characteristics on molecular biology related to HCV among patients who were enrolled in a Methadone maintenance clinic in Wuhan.

METHODSSerum samples from 332 injection drug users (IDUs) were obtained and anti-HCV IgG was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbrent assay(ELISA), together with 86 anti-HCV positive specimens genotyped. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) assay using conserved primers deduced from the core-envelopel (C-E1) region of the HCV genome was employed to amplify a 474 bp fragment. Phylogenetic analysis of the C-E1 sequences was conducted by direct sequencing of the RT-nPCR products and alignment with determined by nucleotide sequencing followed by composition of a phylogenetic tree.

RESULTSThere were 313 cases (94.3%) appeared positive anti-HCV IgG in the 332 patients from a Methadone maintenance clinic in Wuhan. It was demonstrated that there were four different subtypes of HCV in that clinic in Wuhan, including 6a--71 cases (82.5%), 3b--7 cases (8.2%), 1a--5 cases (5.8%) and 1b--3 cases (3.5%).

CONCLUSIONInfection of 6a genotype HCV was predominant in patients from the Methadone maintenance clinic in Wuhan, followed by HCV 3b, 1a and 1b.

Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; China ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Methadone ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance-Related Disorders ; drug therapy ; rehabilitation ; Young Adult