Objective To study the morphological characteristics of tectal cells in stratum griseum centrale(SGC) which project to nucleus rotundus(Rt) in chick. Methods Tectal cells projecting to the Rt were retrogradely labeled by using the injection or implantation of a small amount of carbocyanine fluorescent tracer(DiI) into Rt postmortemly in chicks.Results Labeled SGC cells were classified into four types according to the location of the soma and dendritic endings in the tectal layers.Type 1 cells of the SGC,whose somata were located in superficial part of the SGC,gave off dendritic endings to layer F.Type 2 cells in the SGC,whose somata were also located in superficial part of the SGC,gave off dendritic endings to layer D.Type 3 cells,whose somata were located in deep part of the SGC,gave off primary dendrites obliquely in layer H-J of SGFS.Type 4 SGC cells,whose somata were located in the deep part of the SGC,gave off dendrites horizontally and their dendrites were located within the SGC.The labeled dendrites of type I and 2 cells of the SGC formed bush-like or bifurcated endings extending horizontally in layer F and bottle brush endings vertically in layer D,respectively.The dendrites of type 3 and type 4 cells mainly formed free endings in their extending deep tectal layers.Conclusion The dendrites of superficial SGC cells(type 1 and type 2 cells) extend to retinorecipient tectal layers(layer F and layer D,respectively),having the shape of bush-like or bifurcated endings extending horizontally in layer F and bottle brush endings vertically in layer D,respectively corresponding to the shapes of terminals of optic nerves in these layers.The dendrites of deep SGC cells(type 3 and type 4 cells) do not extend to the retinorecipient tectal layers,mainly forming free endings in the tectal layers deeper than layer H.

Objective To verify the accuracy,repeatability and consistency with contracting reagent of the high-sensitive C reac-tive protein(hs-CRP)test by using the independently developed reagents.Methods 150 samples were collected,including 130 ser-um samples and 20 plasma samples.4 times of the relative difference of mean value was used as the detection limits,and the regres-sion analysis was performed after excluding 5 sample outliers,then calculated the expected bias at medical decision level with the 95% confidence interval,in order to judge whether the bias was within the allowable range.Results The recovery rate of hs-CRP test reagent were within the allowable range which was 90% -110%.The hs-CRP testing results of plasma and serum samples from the same source were consistent,and the expected bias of medical decision level was in the permissible range.Conclusion The developed reagent used in hs-CRP test have good accuracy,repeatability,and highly consistency with control reagent.

Cell Hypoxia ; Humans ; Misonidazole ; analogs & derivatives ; Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated

Objective To study the procoagulant activity of microparticles (MP) in patients with acute in-tracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to evaluate the correlation between procoagulant activity of MPs and disease out-come. Method From August 2006 through August 2008, 83 consecutive patients with history of hypertension ad-mitted for spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage including 54 male and 29 female, aged (60.9±9.7) years ranged from 41 to 79 years, were enrolled into this study. The control group was consisted of 30 age- and sex-matched (P= 0.429; P = 0.415) patients admitted for mild soft tissue injury. Patients with history of head trauma or previ-ous stroke, under the antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, severe infection, or presence of previous cerebrovas-cttlar disease were excluded. Venous blood sample was kaken within the first 24 hours after disease onset. The MPs procoaulant potential was measured with a prothrombinase assay, and the levels of IL-6,TNF-α, D-dimer (DD)and thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) in plasma were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The multivariate analysis was made with forward stepwise logistic regression to determined the predictors of one. month mortality. The plasma levels of MPs were compared between ICH group and control group, between patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and those without IVH,and between survivors and non-survivors with the Mann-Whitney U-test. The Spearman' s rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between the plasma levels of MPs and ICH volume, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, DD and TAT. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) identified the plasma MPs cutoff levels that predicted one-month mortality of patients. Under ROC curve, z statistic analysis was used to compare the area under curves (AUCs) between plasma IMPs and Glasgow coma scale, ICH volumes, and plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, DD and TAT for one-month mortality. Results Thirty-six patients (43.4%) died of ICH in a month. The multivariate analyses sorted out the GCS (odds ratio = 0.558, 95%CI:0.367-0.850, P = 0.007), Hematoma volume (odds ratio= 1.061, 95%C1:1.012- 1.113, P = 0.015) and IVH (odds ratio= 5.537, 95%CI:1.035-29.629, P = 0.045) as the independent pcedictors for one-week mortality. The MPs procoagulant activity in the ICH group (6.72±3.26 U/mL) was significantly higher than that in control group (1.84±0.82) U/mL (P = 0.000). The IMPs procoagulant activity in the non-survival group (8.51±3.45) U/mL was significantly higher than that in the survival group (5.35±2.33) U/mL (P = 0.000). The MPs procoagulant activity in the IVH group (7.66±3.39) U/mL was significantly higher than that in the non-lVH group (5.36±2.53) U/mL (P = 0.001). The MPs procoagulant activity was highly associated with GCS scores (r = -0.690, P = 0.000), ICH volumes (r =0.590, P = 0.000), and plasma IL-6 (r = 0.465, P = 0.015), TNF-α (r = 0.464, P = 0.016), DD(r= 0.567, P = 0.001) and TAT(r = 0.469, P = 0.014) in ICH. The ROC curve identified cutoff levels of MPs procoagulant activity to be 7.47 U/mL that predicted one-month mortality of patients with high sensitivity (77.8%) and specificity values (76.6%). Areas under curves (AUCs) of MPs procoagulant activity (AUC =0.825±0.048) were significantly larger than those of plasma IL-6 (AUC = 0.685±0.060, P = 0.042), TNF-α(AUC = 0.681±0.060, P =0.036) and TAT (AUC = 0.644±0.062, P =0.008).The AUCs ofMPs procoag-ulant activity were larger than those of plasma DD (AUC = 0.743±0.056), but this difference was not statistical significance (p = 0.226). Conclusions The procoagulant activity of MPs may contribute to the pathophysiology of ICH. The propcoagulant activity of MPs after spontaneous onset of ICH seems to correlate with clinical outcome in these patients. Its procoagulant activity can be used as an useful clinical marker for evaluating the prognosis of ICH.

Objective To study the expression levels of interlukin-18(IL-18) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and habenular of the rats with chronic stress. Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 30) weighting about 185～255g were divided into test group (T, n = 15) and control group (C, n = 15) randomly. The rats in group T were exposed to various types of stresses every day for consecutive 21 days. The rats in group C did not receive any stress during 21 days. Weighting and open-field tests were carried out on each rat before the test and on the 22nd day. On the 22nd day, brains were removed and cut coronally. Immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression levels of IL-18. Results After 21 -day stress, the body weight, erection time, rearing times, horizontal crossing numbers,modifying times and defecation in group T((297.33 ±25.83)g,(5.14 ±2.02)s,(19.00 ± 9.01), (9.47 ±3.64),(3. 93 ± 1. 87)and(4. 93 ± 1. 94)) were significantly different from those of group C((322.00 ±30.34)g,(1.97 ±0.93)s,(39.80 ±18.58),(14.80 ±5.88),(7.27 ±2.87)and(1.93 ±1.16)) (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The average optical density values of IL-18 positive cells in CA1 region and habenular in group T ((0.3923 ±0.0084 and 0.4577 ±0.0234)) were higher than that in group C ((0. 3165 ±0.0063 and 0. 3400 ±0.0097)) (P<0.01). Conclusion The expression levels of IL-18 of the hippocampus glial cells and of the habenular neurons in the rats is increase after the chronic stress.

Objective To study the synergistic effect of endostatin (YH-16) and irradiation on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 and the expression level of vascular endothefial growth factor. Methods ① A549 cells were exposed to various concentrations of endostatin for different time. The optimal concentration giving ≤20% inhibition concentration (IC20) by MTT assay was selected. ② The cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,chemotherapy alone,radiotherapy alone,and radio-chemotherapy group. All groups were exposed in distinct treatment,the cells survival fraction and the plating efficiency of the four groups provided to select the optimal radiotherapy dosage. ③ The radio-chemotherapy group had been exposed to endostatin for 48 hours,followed by irradiation at 48 hours with various doses:0,2,4,6,8 Gy. After 14 days,the cell clonogenic survival curves and the SER were evaluated. ④ Detect the different groups' VEGF value by ELISA kit. Results Incubating cells in 200 mg/L endostatin culture medium the value of SER radiated by linear accelerator in 2 Gy after 48 h were 1.61 and 1.04. And endostatin with proper dosage and radio-exposure time could decrease the VEGF level. Conlusion It is suggested that endostatin enhances the radiosensitivity of NSCLC A549 cell line in vitro (SER=1.61,1.04). The enhancement depends on the time of exposure drug. The optimal radiation time should be 48 hour after exposure.

Objective:To investigate the expression of apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ( ApoA-Ⅰ) in eight histo-logical types of renal neoplasms and to explore a new biomarker for differential diagnosis .Methods:The immunochemistry was used to detect the expression of ApoA-Ⅰ in 23 cases of renal tumors , including clear cell carcinoma , papillary cell carcinoma , chromophobe cell carcinoma , oncocytoma , multilocular cystic carcinoma , renal pelvis invasive urothelial carcinoma , metanephric adenoma and collecting ducts carcinoma.Five cases of cancer-adjacent normal tissues were obtained from another five renal tumor pa-tients and were chosen as control group .Results: In the 23 cases of renal tumors , ApoA-Ⅰ was ex-pressed in 21 cases(positive rate was 91.3%).There were only two in five cases of normal tissues which expressed this protein ( positive rate was 40 .0%) .A significant differentiation was observed between the two groups(Z=-2.829,P=0.003).In renal clear cell carcinoma(RCC), ApoA-Ⅰ expression level was correlated with the grade and stage of tumor tissues .ApoA-Ⅰ was stained much more stronger in RCCⅡ-Ⅲ than in RCCⅠ( Z=-2.070,P=0.038).In various histological types of renal cancer , ApoA-Ⅰwas all expressed to some degrees .Conclusion:ApoA-Ⅰcan be chosen as a tumor biomarker to differentiate various histological types of renal neoplasms .

Objective To evaluate HRCT features of otosclerosis.Methods HRCT findings of 61 ears with the diagnosis of otosclerosis based on clinical diagnostic criteria in 34 patients were evaluated retrospectively.Results Hypodense regions in the bony otic capsule were found on HRCT in 55 ears and no abnormality was identified on HRCT in 6 ears.In 55 ears with abnormal HRCT findings, HRCT demonstrated the hypodense region of bony otic capsule anterior to oval window alone in 6 ears, the hypodense region anterior to oval window associated with thicked stapedial footplate and pericochlear hypodensity in 6 ears, the hypodense region anterior to oval window associated with thicked stapedial footplate and hypodensity posterior to oval window in 11 ears, the hypodense region anterior to oval window associated with thicked stapedial footplate in 20 ears, the hypodense region anterior to oval window associated with pericochlear hypodensity in 10 ears, and pericochlear hypodensity in the bony otic capsule alone in 2 ears.Conclusion HRCT can detect abnormalities in the bony otic capsule and the stapedial footplate,contributing to confirming diagnosis of otosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of ginkgolide B on neuronal cell apoptosis,superoxide dismutase activity,malondialdehyde,interleukin-1beta,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and interleukin-6 levels in serum of rats with intracerebral hemorrhage in order to explore the role of ginkgolide B in suppressing the neuronal cell apoptosis.Methods A total of 175 male Wistar rats were randomly (random number)divided into sham operation group,intracerebral hemorrhage group,as well as low,medium and high dose treatment groups.The rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage was made with infusion of autologous whole blood to caudate nucleus in the right basal ganglia region.Ginkgolide B in dose of 5 mg/kg,10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg was given to rats in the low,middle and high dose treatment groups by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 5 days after intracerebral hemorrhage.The rats with intracerebral hemorrhage in the sham operation groups received intraperitoneal administration of 1 mL saline.Animals were sacrificed by decapitation 2,6,12,24,48,72 h and 5 days after intracerebral hemorrhage.Brains were taken and blood samples were collected.Neuronal cell apoptosis was measured by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL),and superoxide dismutase activity in serum was determined by using xanthine oxidase method,and serum malondialdehyde level was detected by using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay,and interleukin-1beta,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and interleukin-6 levels in serum were assayed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance and least-significant difference test.Results As 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,and 5 days after intracerebral hemorrhage,the differences in the number of apoptotic neuronal cell,superoxide dismutase activity in serum,serum malondialdehyde,interleukin-1 beta,tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels between the low dose treatment group and intracerebral hemorrhage group were not significant statistically(P ＞0.05).As 12 h,24 h,72 h,and 5 days after intracerebral hemorrhage,the number of apoptotic neuronal cell,superoxide dismutase activity in serum,serum malondialdehyde,interleukin-1 beta,tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels in the medium dose and high dose treatment groups were significantly statistically lower than those in the intracerebral hemorrhage group(P ＜ 0.05),but these differences in above biomarkers were not significant statistically among these three groups 2 and 6 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Ginkgolide B may lessen neuronal cell apoptosis by means of inhibition of free radical production and inflammatory reactions after intracerebral hemorrhage.

The aim of the present study was to increase distribution of yuanhuacine in the lungs and achieve the purpose of reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency.Therefore,yuanhuacine was designed to be dry powder inhalers innovatively and directly delivered to the lungs.Accordingly,inhaled lactose was used as a carrier to adsorb yuanhuacine on the surface of lactose.Fine particle fraction (FPF) was utilized as evaluation index to filtrate the optimal prescription for pulmonary administration.Besides,an UHPLC-MS/MS method was established for the analysis of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,brain and reproductive system of rats.Intravenous injection was taken as reference to investigate the distribution of yuanhuacine and calculate relevant targeting parameters.The experimental result indicated that the prescription (rough lactose ∶fine lactose =10 ∶ 1) has the highest FPF,which can be chosen as the most suitable prescription for pulmonary administration of yuanhuacine.Moreover,by comparing the distribution of yuanhuacine through pulmonary administration and intravenous injection,it was found that the concentration of yuanhuacine in the lung tissue was greatly increased by pulmonary administration,which decreased the distribution in heart,liver,spleen,kidney,brain and reproductive system,thus sequentially reducing the toxicity in other tissues and increased the efficiency.