In spite of the extensive use of antibiotics over several decades, Streptococcus pneumoniae still remains as one of the most serious human bacterial pathogens. In order to clone the pneumococcal genes whose expression is induced when pneumococcus causes infection in mice, S. pneumoniae strain ATCC 6303 was subcultured on blood agar plates (BAP) ten times to reduce the virulence first, and then passaged through BALB/c mice three times to restore the virulence. Subtractive hybridization was performed using the total RNA preparations isolated from BAP-cultured and mouse-passaged strains. Complementary DNAs corresponding to any mRNA species that were differentially expressed in the mouse- passaged strain were used as the probes to screen the genomic library of pneumococcus. Positive recombinants were selected and sequenced partially to identify the genes located within the cloned DNA. GenBank search of the sequence data has identified several genes including two heat shock genes (dnaK and dnap, a transposase-encoding gene, and a sequence which is very homologous to that of the ftsH gene.
Agar ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Genomic Library ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Mice ; Pneumonia ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Shock ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus* ; Virulence

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ascitic Fluid* ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Lactic Acid* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Adhesives* ; Intestinal Obstruction*

The leprous involvement of the ankle joint and the upper surface of the talus is said to be a rare entity and this is in sharp contract to the Charcot joint of other causes in which the ankle involvement is relatively common. This can partly be explained by the concept that the articular branch of tibial nerve to the ankle joint is usually spare din leprosy, although the fibular nerve is affected around the knee level. During the survey of nearly 3000 leprous patients in the National Leprosy Center we selected 26 cases with obvious bone change of the ankle joint and the clinical study on these 26 cases was made with the following results. 1. The 26 cases consisted of 15 males and 11 females 2. Average age of the patients was 56 years and those over 50 years numbered 20(77%)and undre 39 years of age there was only one involvement. 3. Ankle destruction can be classified according to the causative factors attributable to its occurrence as follows: destruction of ankle joint following fracture of which four were Potts type and eight hyperdorsif-lexion injury: those following idiopathic arthritis in four, and those following subtalar incongruity due to calcaneal flattening in ten. 4. The results of this study which clarify the pathogenesis of ankle involvement in leprous patients may offer reliable preventive measures for each case of ankle destruction.
Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Arthritis ; Arthropathy, Neurogenic ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Leprosy ; Male ; Peroneal Nerve ; Talus ; Tibial Nerve

The study was undertaken to detemine the effect of fractionated high-dose total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) onthe servival of skin allograft despite major histocompatibility difference. Total lymphoid irraditation is arelatively safe form of radiotherapy, has been used extensively to treat lymphoid malignancies in humans with fewside effects. A total of 90 rats, Sprague-Dawley rat as recipient and Wistar rat as donor, were used for theexperiment, of which 10 rats were used to determine mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) for antigenic difference andskin allografts was performed in 30 rats given total lymphoid irradiation to assess the immunosuppressive effectof total lymphoid irradiation despite major histocompatibility difference. In addition, the peripheral white bloodcell counts and the proportion of lymphocytes was studied in 10 rats given total lymphoid irradiation but no skingraft to determine the effects of bone marrow suppression. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. Theoptimum dose of total lymphoid irradiation was between 1800 rads to 2400 rads. 2. The survival of skin graft onrats given total lymphoid irradiation (23.2±6.0days) was prolonged about three folds as compared to unirradiated-control (8.7±1.3 days). 3. Total lymphoid irradiation resulted in a severe leukopneia with marked lymphopenia,but the count was normal by the end of 3rd week. 4. The study suggests that total lymphoid irradiation is anonlethal procedure that could be used successfully in animals to transplant allograft across major-histocompatibility barriers.
Allografts ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Lymphatic Irradiation ; Lymphocytes ; Radiotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Renal artery embolization was induced experimentally in rabbits and microvascular changs were studiedangiographically, microangiographically and histopathologically. The results were as follows; 1. The mainmicroangiographic findings of renal artery embolization were arterial occlusion and collateral vessels arecharacterized by spiralling, dilatation, irregular lumen with abrupt caliber change, disoriented course andincreased number. 2. Collateral vessel formation was demonstrated in all cases of renal artery embolization bymicroangiography. 3. Recanalization of embolized vessels was better visualized by renal angiography thanmicorangiography. It was considered that microangiography is a valuable method for the observation ofmicrovascular changes in renal artery embolization and other renal diseases.
Angiography ; Dilatation ; Methods ; Rabbits ; Renal Artery

To evaluate the influence of tourniquet ischemia and hyperthermia on the radiation effect of skin, theexperimental study was undertaken using a total of 344 mice. A single dose of irradiation from 2000 rads to 8000rads was delivered on skin of mouse tail after hyperthermia of 40degrees(C) to 42degrees(C) with or withouttourniquet application in various subgroups. The resuls are summarized as follows; 1. Tourniquet ischemia duringirradiation caused radioprotective effect. 2. Hyperthermia before irradiation induced radiosensitizing effect,which was increased with temperature elevation of hyperthermia. 3. In combination of tourniquet ischemia andhyperthermia, evident radiosensitizing effect waas noticed. This enhancing effect on irradiation was greater thanthe effect i hyperthermia only. It could be suggested that the combination of tourniquet application andhyperthermia might be intorduced in clinical radiotherapy after trail of clinical experiments on applicable typeand sutiable location of tumors.
Animals ; Fever ; Ischemia ; Mice ; Radiation Effects ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; Radiotherapy ; Skin ; Tail ; Tourniquets

The volumetry by cineangiocardiography is known to have the most diagnostic and prognostic value in theevalutaion of various valvular heart diseases and ischemic heart diseases. Athough many authors favor thearea-length method for the voulmetry of left ventricle, 45degrees RAO projection seems to be more simple,inexpensive and acurate technique, considering the positional relationship of cardiac valves and obliquity of thelong axis of left ventricle within the chest cage. Authors present the anatomical, geometrical and radiologicalbasis for the superiority of 45degrees RAO projection by analyzing 20 normal heart specimen and 115cineangiocardiograms of valvular heart disease, and the results as follows; 1. Blood flow and motility of themitral and aortic valves can be more clearly demonstrated by 45degrees RAO projection than by AP view. 2. The longdiameter of left ventricular silhouette made 45degrees RAO projection reflects 90% or more of real diameter. 3. InRAO 45degrees position, patient's left nipple is optimal and convenient level for the ruler offering accuratemagnification coefficient of left ventricle. 4. Ejection fration after the extrasystole is exaggerated regardlessof the left ventricular function, so it is desirable to exclude the 2 or 3 beats after extrasystole.
Aortic Valve ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Heart ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Heart Valves ; Heart Ventricles ; Methods ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nipples ; Thorax ; Ventricular Function, Left

An experimental study on the vascular alternations of the kidney following biopsy procedure was carried out in 47 kidneys from 28 rabbits to clarify their nature and frequency by renal arteriography and microangiography together with histopathologic investigation. Renal arteriography and microangiography were perforemd immediately 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks after percutaneous biopsy and the findings were correlated with histological nature. The results are summerized as follows; 1. Important biopsy injuries verified by renal arteriography and microangiography were arterial spasm, perfusion defect, arteriovenous fistula, injury to vasa recta and renaltubules, intrarenal and extrarenal extravasation of contrast media, and arterial obstruction, in order of frequency. 2. Artierial spasm observed in majority of the cases were relieved during the period of 2 weeks. 3. Detectability of perfusion defect was 57% and 72% by angiography and microangiography, respectively, and this perfusion defect seemed to be mostly caused by renal infarction due to vascular injury, such as arteriovenousfistula, arterial obstruction and other vascular injuries. 4. Arteriovenous fistula was detected in 28% byangiography and 50% by microangiography. Many of the arteriovenous fistula appeared to be closed spontaneously within a week. Above findings suggest that renal biopsy procedure results in various degree of vascular injuries with their sequential modification, and that microangiography is assumed the most effective approach in analysisof biopsy injuries such as small arteriovenous fistula, perfusion defect, injury to vasa recta and renal tubules, overcoming the limitation of traditional angiography.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Biopsy ; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials ; Infarction ; Kidney ; Perfusion ; Rabbits ; Spasm ; Vascular System Injuries

The transarterial embolization procedures have been performed in a total of 38 patients with head and necklesions, including 5 carotid-carvernous fistulas, 1 internal carotid aneurysm, 10 meningiomas, 16 nasopharyngealangiofibromas, 1 post-traumatic epistaxis and 5 other vascular tumors, over the 18 months-period. Six cases of C-Cfistulas and ICA aneurysm were treated with the detachable balloon catheter technique. The meningiomas, angiofibromas and all other lesions were embolized with superselection of the branches of the external carotidartery such as the internal maxillary, the middle meningeal, the ascending pharyngeal, the facial or otherbronches, using Berenstein superselective catheters of conventional angiographic catheters. The PVA(polyvinylalcohol foam) and/or Gelfoam particles were used as embolic materials in these cases. Most of the lesions weresuccessfully embolized with minor transient complications such as pain, headache, vomitting, fever and etc. But in4 cases occurred the serious complications; one cerebral hemorrhage, two cerebral infarctions, and one acutelaryngeal edema. The selection of the embolic materials and the catheters, and the complications are brieflydiscussed.
Aneurysm ; Angiofibroma ; Catheters ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction ; Edema ; Epistaxis ; Fever ; Fistula ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Head ; Headache ; Humans ; Meningioma ; Neck