No abstract available.
Animals ; Female ; Lymphatic Metastasis/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology

Animals ; Breast Diseases ; chemically induced ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced

In the present study, 13 clinical cases of canine mammary adenocarcinoma were evaluated in order to understand the effect of Tarantula cubensis extract (TCE) on tumor tissue. Punch biopsies were taken from the tumors before treatment with TCE. Subcutaneous injections of TCE were administered three times at weekly intervals (3 mL per dog). Between days 7 and 10 after the third injection, the tumor masses were extirpated by complete unilateral mastectomy. Pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues were immunohistochemically assessed. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was found to be higher in pre-treatment compared to post-treatment tissues (p < 0.01) whereas Ki-67 expression was lower in post-treatment tissues (p < 0.01). No significant differences in fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor expression were observed between pre- and post-treatment tissues (p > 0.05). The apoptotic index was determined to be low before treatment and increased during treatment. These results suggest that TCE may be effective for controlling the local growth of canine mammary adenocarcinoma by regulating apoptosis.
Adenocarcinoma/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Dog Diseases/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Dogs ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Mitosis/drug effects ; Spiders/*chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of the combination of lapatinib with chlorogenic acid on metastasis of breast cancer in mouse model.

METHODSThe classical macrophage M2 polarization model induced by interlukin13in vitro was adopted in the study. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect the expression of M2 marker CD206. The transcription of M2-associated genes was measured by RT-PCR. HE staining was used to analyze the metastatic nodes of breast cancer in lungs of MMTV-PyVT mice. Immunostaining analysis was used to detect the expression of related proteins in breast cancer.

RESULTSThe combination of lapatinib and chlorogenic acid inhibited the expression of CD206 induced by IL-13[(42.17%±2.59%) vs (61.15%±7.58%), P<0.05]. The combination more markedly suppressed expression of M2-associated gene Ym1 than lapatinib alone[(0.9±0.1) vs (1.8±0.0), P<0.05]. The combination of lapatinib and chlorogenic acid significantly reduced metastatic nodes in lung[P<0.05], and also significantly decreased the percentage of CD206(+) cells in breast cancer compared to controls[(6.08%±2.60%) vs(29.04%±5.86%), P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONThe combination of lapatinib and chlorogenic acid can effectively inhibit macrophage M2 polarization and metastasis of breast cancer.

Animals ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; drug therapy ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology

To obtain ultrasound and thermal tomography images of breast cancer during its growth and to assess the value of thermal tomography in detecting breast cancer. Breast cancer models were established with NOD/SCID mice and SD rats. These animal models were examined by thermal tomography,plain ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Tumor tissues were stained with CD34 to explore the relationship between tumor heat production and vascular pathology. Thermal tomography detected breast cancer 2-4 days earlier than ultrasound. The expression of CD34 in tumor tissues was increased,along with thickened,increased,and irregular blood vessels. Thermal tomography can detect early breast cancer and is a promising tool for screening breast cancer.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Early Diagnosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; diagnostic imaging ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

OBJECTIVE: Tumor angiogenesis is an important factor for tumor growth, treatment response and prognosis. Noninvasive imaging methods for the evaluation of tumor angiogenesis have been studied, but a method for the quantification of tumor angiogenesis has not been established. This study was designed to evaluate tumor angiogenesis in a rat breast tumor model by the use of a contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) examination with a second-generation US contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The alkylating agent 19N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of 30-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Three to four months later, breast tumors were detected along the mammary lines of the rats. A total of 17 breast tumors larger than 1 cm in nine rats were evaluated by gray-scale US, color Doppler US and contrast-enhanced US using SonoVue. The results were recorded as digital video images; time-intensity curves and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed. Pathological breast tumor specimens were obtained just after the US examinations. The tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and the expression of CD31, an endothelial cell marker, was determined by immunohistochemical staining. We also evaluated the pathological diagnosis of the tumors and the microvessel density (MVD). Spearman's correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used for the analysis. RESULTS: The pathological diagnoses were 11 invasive ductal carcinomas and six benign intraductal epithelial proliferations. The MVD did not correlate with the pathological diagnosis. However, blood volume (BV) showed a statistically significant correlation with MVD (Spearman's correlation, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced US using a second-generation US contrast material was useful for the evaluation of tumor angiogenesis of breast tumors in the rat.
Animals ; Contrast Media ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Image Enhancement ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/pathology/*ultrasonography ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*ultrasonography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: This experiment aims to determine the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differentiation of axillary inflammatory lymph nodes from metastatic lymph nodes in rabbit models in comparison with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional MRI and DWI were performed at 4 weeks after successful inoculation into the forty female New Zealand white rabbits' mammary glands. The size-based and signal-intensity-based criteria and the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) value were compared between the axillary inflammatory lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes, with histopathological findings as the reference standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the aforementioned criteria and rADC value in differentiating the axillary inflammatory lymph nodes from metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: Thirty-two axillary inflammatory lymph nodes and 46 metastatic ones were successfully isolated and taken into pathological analysis. The differences of the aforementioned criteria between the two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the rADC value of the inflammatory lymph nodes (0.9 +/- 0.14) was higher than that of metastatic ones (0.7 +/- 0.18), with significant difference (p = 0.016). When the rADC value was chosen as 0.80, the area under the ROC curve is greater than all other criteria, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for differentiating two groups were 86.2%, 79.3%, 81.2%, 84.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted imaging is a promising new technique for differentiating axillary inflammatory lymph nodes from metastatic lymph nodes. Compared with routine magnetic resonance sequences, DWI could provide more useful physiological and functional information for diagnosis.
Animals ; Axilla ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; Inflammation/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; ROC Curve ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The inhibitory effect of selenium, vitamin E, and BHA on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats was investigated. Dietary vitamin E (200 IU/Kg diet) alone could not reduce the tumor incidence at 25 weeks after DMBA administration (10mg DMBA/rat) when selenium was deficient. Selenium supplementation (2ppm in drinking water) to rats fed a practical diet (0.17 ppm Se) reduced the tumor incidence to 14.3% from 75% at 27 weeks after DMBA administration. Dietary supplementation of BHA (0.75%) also reduced the incidence of DMBA-induced mammary tumor to 42.9% at 27 weeks after DMBA-treatment. Rats fed a diet deficient in both selenium and vitamin E contained significantly lower glutathione peroxidase activity and higher malondialdehyde in muscle. However, supplementation of selenium or BHA to the rats fed a practical diet did not alter the malondialdehyde content and glutathione peroxidase activities in muscle, skin and mammary gland. Dietary selenium increased the tissue selenium level. DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis was reduced by antioxidants tested but the anticarcinogenic effect of selenium or BHA seems to be independent of glutathione peroxi-dase activity.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animal ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Butylated Hydroxyanisole/pharmacology ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology* ; Rats ; Selenium/pharmacology ; Vitamin E/pharmacology

BACKGROUNDOncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors can be used for cancer therapy as direct cytotoxic agents, inducers of anti-tumor immune responses, and as expressers of anti-cancer genes. In this study, the efficacy of HSV vectors, G47Delta and NV1023 were examined for the treatment of the human breast cancer.

METHODSHuman breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells were cultured or implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice. The cells or tumors were inoculated with G47Delta or NV1023, and cell killing or inhibition of tumor growth determined. Both viruses contained the LacZ gene and expression in infected cells was detected with X-gal histochemistry.

RESULTSG47Delta and NV1023 were highly cytotoxic to MDA-MB-435 cells in vitro at very low multiplicities of infection. X-gal staining of infected tumor cells in vitro and in vivo illustrated the replication and spread of both viruses. G47Delta and NV1023 inoculation inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Both vectors behaved similarly.

CONCLUSIONSOncolytic HSV vectors, G47Delta and NV1023, were extremely effective at killing human breast cancer cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts in vivo. This novel form of cancer therapy warrants further investigation and consideration of clinical application.

Animals ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Simplexvirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Virus Replication

BACKGROUNDBreast cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors among females over the past several years. Breast carcinogenesis is a continuous process, which is featured by the normal epithelium progressing to premalignant lesions and then to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Targeting premalignant lesions is an effective strategy to prevent breast cancer. The establishment of animal models is critical to study the mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis, which will facilitate research on breast cancer prevention and drug behaviors. In this study, we established a feasible chemically-induced rat model of premalignant breast cancer.

METHODSFollowing the administration of the drugs (carcinogen, estrogen, and progestogen) to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, tumors or suspicious tumors were identified by palpation or ultrasound imaging, and were surgically excised for pathological evaluation. A series of four consecutive steps were carried out in order to determine the carcinogen: 7,12-dimethylbenzaanthracene (DMBA) or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, the route of carcinogen administration, the administration period of estrogen and progestogen, and the DMBA dosage.

RESULTSStable premalignant lesions can be induced in SD rats on administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg, administered three times) followed by administration of female hormones 5-day cycle.

RESULTSwere confirmed by ultrasound and palpation.

CONCLUSIONUnder the premise of drug dose and cycle, DMBA combined with estrogen and progestogen can be used as a SD rat model for breast premalignant lesions.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Breast Diseases ; chemically induced ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley