Animals ; Breast Diseases ; chemically induced ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced

No abstract available.
Animals ; Female ; Lymphatic Metastasis/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology

In the present study, 13 clinical cases of canine mammary adenocarcinoma were evaluated in order to understand the effect of Tarantula cubensis extract (TCE) on tumor tissue. Punch biopsies were taken from the tumors before treatment with TCE. Subcutaneous injections of TCE were administered three times at weekly intervals (3 mL per dog). Between days 7 and 10 after the third injection, the tumor masses were extirpated by complete unilateral mastectomy. Pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues were immunohistochemically assessed. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was found to be higher in pre-treatment compared to post-treatment tissues (p < 0.01) whereas Ki-67 expression was lower in post-treatment tissues (p < 0.01). No significant differences in fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor expression were observed between pre- and post-treatment tissues (p > 0.05). The apoptotic index was determined to be low before treatment and increased during treatment. These results suggest that TCE may be effective for controlling the local growth of canine mammary adenocarcinoma by regulating apoptosis.
Adenocarcinoma/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Dog Diseases/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Dogs ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Mitosis/drug effects ; Spiders/*chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of the combination of lapatinib with chlorogenic acid on metastasis of breast cancer in mouse model.

METHODSThe classical macrophage M2 polarization model induced by interlukin13in vitro was adopted in the study. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect the expression of M2 marker CD206. The transcription of M2-associated genes was measured by RT-PCR. HE staining was used to analyze the metastatic nodes of breast cancer in lungs of MMTV-PyVT mice. Immunostaining analysis was used to detect the expression of related proteins in breast cancer.

RESULTSThe combination of lapatinib and chlorogenic acid inhibited the expression of CD206 induced by IL-13[(42.17%±2.59%) vs (61.15%±7.58%), P<0.05]. The combination more markedly suppressed expression of M2-associated gene Ym1 than lapatinib alone[(0.9±0.1) vs (1.8±0.0), P<0.05]. The combination of lapatinib and chlorogenic acid significantly reduced metastatic nodes in lung[P<0.05], and also significantly decreased the percentage of CD206(+) cells in breast cancer compared to controls[(6.08%±2.60%) vs(29.04%±5.86%), P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONThe combination of lapatinib and chlorogenic acid can effectively inhibit macrophage M2 polarization and metastasis of breast cancer.

Animals ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; drug therapy ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology

To obtain ultrasound and thermal tomography images of breast cancer during its growth and to assess the value of thermal tomography in detecting breast cancer. Breast cancer models were established with NOD/SCID mice and SD rats. These animal models were examined by thermal tomography,plain ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Tumor tissues were stained with CD34 to explore the relationship between tumor heat production and vascular pathology. Thermal tomography detected breast cancer 2-4 days earlier than ultrasound. The expression of CD34 in tumor tissues was increased,along with thickened,increased,and irregular blood vessels. Thermal tomography can detect early breast cancer and is a promising tool for screening breast cancer.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Early Diagnosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; diagnostic imaging ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

BACKGROUNDBreast cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors among females over the past several years. Breast carcinogenesis is a continuous process, which is featured by the normal epithelium progressing to premalignant lesions and then to invasive breast cancer (IBC). Targeting premalignant lesions is an effective strategy to prevent breast cancer. The establishment of animal models is critical to study the mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis, which will facilitate research on breast cancer prevention and drug behaviors. In this study, we established a feasible chemically-induced rat model of premalignant breast cancer.

METHODSFollowing the administration of the drugs (carcinogen, estrogen, and progestogen) to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, tumors or suspicious tumors were identified by palpation or ultrasound imaging, and were surgically excised for pathological evaluation. A series of four consecutive steps were carried out in order to determine the carcinogen: 7,12-dimethylbenzaanthracene (DMBA) or 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, the route of carcinogen administration, the administration period of estrogen and progestogen, and the DMBA dosage.

RESULTSStable premalignant lesions can be induced in SD rats on administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg, administered three times) followed by administration of female hormones 5-day cycle.

RESULTSwere confirmed by ultrasound and palpation.

CONCLUSIONUnder the premise of drug dose and cycle, DMBA combined with estrogen and progestogen can be used as a SD rat model for breast premalignant lesions.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Breast Diseases ; chemically induced ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDOncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors can be used for cancer therapy as direct cytotoxic agents, inducers of anti-tumor immune responses, and as expressers of anti-cancer genes. In this study, the efficacy of HSV vectors, G47Delta and NV1023 were examined for the treatment of the human breast cancer.

METHODSHuman breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells were cultured or implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice. The cells or tumors were inoculated with G47Delta or NV1023, and cell killing or inhibition of tumor growth determined. Both viruses contained the LacZ gene and expression in infected cells was detected with X-gal histochemistry.

RESULTSG47Delta and NV1023 were highly cytotoxic to MDA-MB-435 cells in vitro at very low multiplicities of infection. X-gal staining of infected tumor cells in vitro and in vivo illustrated the replication and spread of both viruses. G47Delta and NV1023 inoculation inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Both vectors behaved similarly.

CONCLUSIONSOncolytic HSV vectors, G47Delta and NV1023, were extremely effective at killing human breast cancer cells in vitro and in tumor xenografts in vivo. This novel form of cancer therapy warrants further investigation and consideration of clinical application.

Animals ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Simplexvirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVETo establish a murine transplant model for bone marrow purging of metastatic breast cancer and to explore the efficiency of Econazole (Ec) as a purging agent.

METHODSMixtures of TSA /Neo breast cancer cells and murine bone marrow cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated mice following purging with Econazole or saline in vitro. The recipient mice were monitored for hematopoietic engraftment, appearance of metastatic nodules in lungs and the overall survival.

RESULTSAll the mice receiving i.v. injection of TSA cells developed metastatic lung nodules. The hematological recovery was not delayed in mice transplanted with Ec purged bone marrow. More importantly, metastatic lung nodules were not seen in Ec treated group and the overall survival was improved.

CONCLUSIONThe purged metastatic breast cancer cell bone marrow transplant model was easily established and reproducible. Ec could be used to purge the bone marrow grafts contaminated with breast cancer cells.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Bone Marrow Purging ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Line ; Econazole ; pharmacology ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel thermal treatment modality against metastatic tumor, and to verify the hypothesis that the extent of tumor angiogenesis damage and tumor cell necrosis, accompanied with immune suppression cells relief is deterministic to enhance therapeutic effect in the thermal treatment.

METHODSThe thermal treatment system was developed in our laboratory. The treatment including hyperthermia and alternate treatment, were locally applied to 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. The extent of tumor necrosis was examined. Further investigations were performed to study the changes of MDSCs in peripheral blood and spleen.

RESULTSThe alternate treatment caused more damage to tumor microvasculature and tumor cell necrosis. Immunosuppression cells significantly reduced in peripheral blood and spleen. Moreover, it highly increased the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice.

CONCLUSIONSThe greatest destruction of primary tumor induced by the alternate treatment led to a relief of immune suppression in tumor bearing mice, and significantly increased therapeutic effect, especially for metastatic tumor.

Animals ; Female ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; methods ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myeloid Cells ; immunology ; Neoplasm Metastasis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis in MA-891 cells induced by different concentrations of As2O3 and to study its influence on the activity of telomerase and telomerase mTERT-mRNA, which provide theoretical and experimental basis for breast carcinoma.

METHODThe MA-891 breast carcinoma cell lines were used as the object. Different concentration of As2O3 was cultivated with MA-891 cells, and the growth inhibition of MA-891 cells was analyzed by MTT. The rate of apoptosis in MA-891 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The telomerase activity was determined by TRAP-PAGE-SILVER staining and was analyzed by specific soft ware. The expression mTERT-mRNA was examined by RT-PCR assay in untreated and As2O3-treated cells.

RESULTAs2O3 could inhibit the growth of MA-891 cells remarkably; the IC50 value of As2O3 for MA-891 was 9.68 micromol x L(-1) and 5.50 micromol x L(-1) respectively during 24,48 h. The percentage of the apoptosis in MA-891 cells was 30.21%, 48.26%, 57.43%, as the cells were treated with 5, 10, 20 micromol x L(-1) As2O3 for 24 hours. Treated with As2O3 for 24 hand 48 h, the telomerase activity of MA-891 cells was inhibited remarkably, which showed obvious time and concentration dependence. The mTERT-mRNA expression of MA-891 cells were significantly inhibited when treated with As2O3 for 24 h and 48h.

CONCLUSIONAs2O3 could remarkably inhibit the growth of MA-891 cells and could promote the apoptosis of the cells. Treated with As2O3, the activities of telomerase and telomerase mTERT-mRNA were inhibited remarkably and were obvious dosage-effect correlation.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mice ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Telomerase ; genetics