Metaplastic carcinoma of the human mammary gland is a very rare disease that undergoes metaplastic changes,including squamous cell, spindle cell, and heterologous mesenchymal growth. We report a case of metaplasticcarcinoma of the breast, together with its radiologic and pathologic findings.
Breast* ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Rare Diseases

Myoepithelial cells are the normal constituent of mammary gland and the lesions arising from this components are rare and can be divided into three categories. Adenomyoepithelioma, which is one of them, has a characteristics of dual proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells but the biologic behavior of it has not yet been fully understood. Most of the adenomyoepitheliomas are reported in female patients and there are few of male patient reported in English literature. We experienced one case of male adenomyoepithelioma and report the case with review of literature.
Adenomyoepithelioma* ; Female ; Humans ; Male* ; Mammary Glands, Human

55 patients aged 13-93, treated surgically at cancer Department of the Central Hue Hospital from May 2001 to April 2002 were undergone a freezing remove of breast tumor. These tumors are common in women aged 40-49. The highest rate of development of the tumors is from 1 to 6 months. The site of tumor is usually in the ¼ portion of superior body surface. Common future of the malignant tumor is the rough surface, adding to neighbour tissues without apparent boundary and homogenous density. The technique gives speedy diagnosis within 15-20 minutes and an accuracy of 96.4%
Mammary Glands, Human ; Neoplasms ; Breast Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo observe therapeutic effect of acupuncture on hyperplasia of mammary gland and its effects on images and hemodynamics in mammary gland.

METHODSNinety-five cases were randomly divided into acupuncture group (n=60) and control group (n=35). They were treated respectively by acupuncture and external application of Rupixiaotie Plaster for 3 courses. Their clinical therapeutic effects, and changes of acoustic images of hyperplastic gland and hemodynamics, infrared scanning of mammary gland and images of X-ray of molybdenum palladium of the breast were investigated.

RESULTSIn the treatment group, blood flow resistance index (RI) in hyperliterative mammary gland was decreased, the images of X-ray and forms of blood vessels were improved, the dark degree of gland reduced, which all were superior to those of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the total effective rate was 95.0%.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture has a remarkable therapeutic effect, and it can reduce the blood flow resistance index in the hyperliferative mammary gland, improve the images of X-ray of mammary tissue and the form of blood vessels and decrease the dark degree of the gland.

The inhibitory effect of neutering on mammary gland tumor development in dogs has been well described. However, we observed that the effect of neutering on tumor malignancy may be altered by aging. Therefore, we characterized mammary tumors in aged dogs by analyzing the expression of cellular senescence markers. Expressions of p16, p38, p21, and p27 antibodies, which are senescence-associated markers, were assessed in canine mammary tumors of aged dogs via immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, correlations between those expressions were analyzed. Expression of p16 was negatively associated with strong nuclear p27 expression. Expression of p38 was observed in most of the mammary tumors examined, and negative p38 expression was related to positive p21 expression. Moreover, p21 expression was associated with p27 expression; negative p21 expression was associated with negative p27 expression, while positive p21 expression was associated with positive p27 expression. The results confirm that the p21- and p27-encoding genes have similar expression patterns in the mammary tumors of aged dogs. In the present study, we characterized the expression of cellular senescence markers in these tumors and elucidated the relationships among their expression patterns.
Aging ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Cell Aging ; Dogs* ; Mammary Glands, Human* ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal

Myoepithelioma is a rare tumor composed of cells that are morphologically similar to myoepithelial cells. Myoepithelial tumors usually occur in major and minor salivary glands, though have also been found in sweat and mammary glands. Myoepithelioma very rarely originates in lung parenchyma, though can arise from tracheobronchial submucosal glands. We encountered a case of myoepithelioma originating in lung parenchyma, and report the CT findings, including the pathologic characteristics of the disease.
Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Myoepithelioma* ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sweat

Mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that occasionally occurs in gastrointestinal tract and mammary glands. It is characterized by large amounts of extracellular epithelial mucin that contains solitary epithelial cells, cords and nests. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the major salivary glands is extremely rare, and only 10 cases have been reported. Recently, we experienced a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland treated with total parotidectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. The patient has been free of disease for 2 years after treatment. So we report the case with a brief review of literature.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Epithelial Cells ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mucins* ; Parotid Gland* ; Radiotherapy ; Salivary Glands

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena(R)) on the mammographic density, mammographic findings and breast ultrasonographic findings in Korean premenopausal women. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 639 premenopausal women, who inserted LNG-IUS in our department from 2000-2011. Among these, 46 women, who underwent regular mammography (MMG) or breast ultrasonography (USG) examination in radiology department before and after insertion of the LNG-IUS after establishment of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) system in our hospital were finally included in this analysis. We compared the findings of MMG and breast USG between pre- and post-insertion of LNG-IUS. We also checked the pathologic results of any breast biopsy performed in these study participants. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to investigate the changes pre- and post-insertion of LNG-IUS. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 42.3 +/- 4.9 years and the mean interval period for MMG and US follow-up (FU) was 25.5 +/- 10.8 months and 25.2 +/- 11.5 months, respectively. The density of MMG before insertion of LNG-IUS correlated well with the FU MMG density. The findings of MMG and US also correlated well before and after insertion of LNG-IUS. There was no case of breast cancer among women who were supposed to undergo breast biopsy because of abnormal findings in MMG and US. CONCLUSION: The use of LNG-IUS did not cause any changes in MMG density, findings of MMG, and findings of breast USG in healthy premenopausal Korean women.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Medical Records ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

Buffalo mastitis is an important economic problem in southern Italy, causing qualitative/quantitative alterations in milk and resulting in economic losses due to the sub-clinical course and chronic evolution. We investigated 50 udders of slaughtered buffaloes and subjected them to effectual microbiological screening to evaluate macro and microscopic mammary gland changes, immune-characterize the cell infiltrates, and compare the degree of tissue inflammation with somatic cell counts. Numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from all samples, majority of which were environmental mastitis pathogens. Histological features referable to chronic mastitis were observed in 92% udders. Lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were found to evolve into aggregates in 48% udders, which often organized to form tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). A predominance of interstitial CD8+ over CD4+ lymphocytes and, in TLSs, scattered CD8+ lymphocytes in the mantle cells and CD79+ lymphocytes in germinal centers, were evidenced. Environmental pathogens are known to persist and cause chronic inflammatory changes in buffaloes, where CD8+ lymphocytes play an important role by controlling the local immune response. Moreover, the TLSs evidenced here for the first time in buffalo mastitis, could play a role in maintaining immune responses against persistent antigens, thereby contributing in determining the chronic course of mastitis.
Animals ; Buffaloes ; Cell Count ; Female ; Germinal Center ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Inflammation ; Italy ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mass Screening ; Mastitis ; Milk ; Plasma Cells

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to estimate the relative risk for breast cancer using the Gail model and to observe the relationship between mammographic density and the 5-year risk of breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 600 women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chung-Ang University Yongsan Hospital were screened using the Gail model to estimate their relative risk for breast cancer. The correlation between the 5-year risk of breast cancer and the mammographic density of 462 women who had performed mammography within 1 year of the study was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 56.7 +/- 8.2 years. The estimated mean values for the 5-year risk and lifetime risk for breast cancer were 1.23 +/- 0.46% and 7.90 +/- 2.76% respectively in all study subjects. The estimated mean value of the 5-year risk for breast cancer increased with age. Otherwise, the estimated lifetime risk for breast cancer decreased with age. Ninety-two women (15.3%) were classified as high-risk because their estimated 5-year risk was over 1.67% or their lifetime risk was over 20%. High risk percentages according to age were 10.5% in the thirties, 0.84% in the forties, 7.2% in the fifties, 32.7% in the sixties, and 35.7% in the seventies. Among the high risk postmenopausal women, 52.2% were taking hormone therapy. Mammographic density was not significantly correlated with the estimated 5-year risk for breast cancer. CONCLUSION: About fifteen percent of study subjects were at high risk for breast cancer according to the estimated 5-year risk or lifetime risk for breast cancer using Gail model. Mammographic density was not correlated with the 5-year risk for breast cancer.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Mammography ; Obstetrics ; Risk Assessment