A 44-year-old female was diagnosed with an ITA pseudoaneurysm in the right supraclavicular fossa. She was successfully treated with endovascular embolization. The challenges of diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Mammary Arteries

No abstract available.
Dilatation* ; Mammary Arteries* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Coronary Vessels* ; Mammary Arteries* ; Transplants*

Sternal fracture is relatively common after blunt chest trauma, and this usually resolves without complication. But acute extrapericardial tamponade caused by sternal fracture and injury to the internal mammary artery secondary to blunt chest trauma is very rare. We report here on two cases of acute extrapericardial tamponade that were caused by blunt chest trauma.
Cardiac Tamponade ; Mammary Arteries ; Thorax

internal thoracic artery is used in myocardial revascularization because of many advantages. However, it may not be appropriate in the usual extrapleural or intrapleural route, because it can be easily displaced and injured due to the slender and weak characteristics. We introduce here, a simple technique of repositioning the skeletonized left internal thoracic artery in a stable and straight course by creating a tunnel between the left lateral pericardium and thymic tissue.
Mammary Arteries* ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Pericardium ; Skeleton*

During coronary artery bypass surgery, there are several discrete maneuvers that facilitates localization of the invisible left anterior descending coronary artery. In some cases with intramyocardial left anterior descending artery, long-term patency of a bypassed graft may depend on anastomosing the internal mammary artery graft to the more proximal and superficial site of the intramyocardial left anterior descending artery. We describe an easy technique to locate the proximal superficial left anterior descending artery with a distal coronary arteriotomy and retrograde insertion of a coronary probe.
Arteries* ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Vessels ; Mammary Arteries ; Transplants

PURPOSE: As a recipient vessel, internal mammary vessels have many advantages for microvascular reconstruction of the breast. But the approach is time consuming and results in large morbidities. However, the perforating branches of the internal mammary vessels can be used to minimize such demerits. The purpose of this cadaver study is to clarify the location and diameter of the perforating branches of internal mammary vessels and to prove that they are safe and reliable recipient vessels. METHODS: We studied 11 formalin-fixed cadavers and dissected their anterior chests bilaterally. The chests were exposed using midline presternal incisions. We dissected and found all perforators at subfascial planes under loupe magnification. The number, external diameter, and the distance from the midline were measured. Result: The mean external diameter of the arterial perforators was 1.32mm and the mean external diameter of the venous perforators was 1.48mm. The largest arterial and venous perforators were most frequently found in the second intercostal space. The mean distance from the midline to the perforator was evaluated; the artery averaged 1.95cm and the vein averaged 2.08cm. CONCLUSION: This study will be helpful when using the internal mammary perforating vessels as a recipient vessel during breast reconstruction.
Arteries ; Breast ; Cadaver ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Mammary Arteries ; Thorax ; Veins

It is now widely accepted that the complete arterial coronary revascularization has better short and long term results compared to coronary bypass surgery using arterial graft mixed with vein graft mainly due to its superior patency rate. However, sometimes the internal thoracic artery and other conventionally used grafts might be unavailable or it may require caution in using bilateral internal thoracic artery especially in diabetic patient because of the possible risk of the mediastinitis or other associated morbidities. Moreover, there could also be a shortage for arterial graft in case of coronary reoperation. We report our first three cases using thoracodorsal artery(TDA) as an alternative graft in complete arterial coronary revascularization.
Arteries* ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries ; Mediastinitis ; Reoperation ; Transplants ; Veins

Injury to the internal mammary artery secondary to blunt chest trauma is a rare condition. It is also uncommon to see extraplerual and mediastinal hematoma in these circumstances; this demands early diagnosis and active treatment. We report here on a 59 year old man who underwent surgery for extraplerual and mediastinal hematoma, and this was all due to injury of the internal mammary artery after blunt chest trauma. We also include a review of the relevant literature.
Early Diagnosis ; Hematoma ; Mammary Arteries ; Mediastinum ; Pleural Effusion ; Sternotomy ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Use of the left internal thoracic artery(ITA) to bypass the left anterior descending(LAD) coronary artery has become the standard of care based on its superior graft patency, reduced cardiac events, and enhanced survival. But rarely we encountered with injury to the artery during harvesting which leads to loss of the merits of surgery. We reconstructed inadequate ITAa with other arterial conduits so proximal stump to be a blood source if possible. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between January 1996 and March 1999, 12 patients received bypass with the reconstructed left internal thoracic artery grafts to left anterior descending artery because of an injury(n=8), short or small(n=4). Right or left ITA was used to LAD as a free graft(n=2). And the other 10 left ITAs were extended with radial artery(n=6), right ITA(n=3), saphenous vein(n=1). Composite "T" graft was made with other arterial conduits in these extended graft(n=5). RESULT: There was only one morbidity of minor would problem, and no mortality. The patency of extended graft to LAD was complete in 5 patients who received angiography during the period of 2wks to 2 years postoperative, but one of side branch of "T" graft occluded. All of these patients were well. CONCLUSION: Reconstructive extension with the use of other arterial conduit for the injured proximal ITA is warranted in any patients with acceptable results.
Angiography ; Arteries* ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries* ; Mortality ; Standard of Care ; Transplants*