The goal of reduction mammaplasty is a breast with natural contour and volume, aesthetically situated scars, and a well-placed, sensate nipple and areola. The most successful techniques achieve this through the excision of tissue from the lower part of the breast based on some variation. However, the Mckissock's vertical bipedicle technique is the popular method for reduction mammaplasty. As an alternative modified Mckissock's method, we have found the use of only an inferior dermal flap with a keyhole pattern to be a simple and safe method for obtaining satisfactory aesthetic results. We have used inferior dermal flap for 4 patients recently and obtained the advantages as below compare to the Mckissock's method. 1. Rich blood supply to the broad based inferior flap. 2. More easy transposition of the nipple and areola. 3. More good operation field for resection of breast tissue. 4. Short operation time. 5. Can applied to the gigantomastia.
Breast ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Methods ; Nipples

OBJECTIVETo search for the applications of the dermal vault in mammaplasty.

METHODSThe dermal vault was planned as large as possible according to the degree of the macromastia and mammaptosis. The residual gland was sculptured and fixed with the dermal vault in order to reconstruct the protrude, pliable and living breasts.

RESULTSThe 27 cases (53 breast) were performed with this technique. The result is satisfactory and there are no complications.

CONCLUSIONIt is a good method to use the dermal vault as a sculpturing and fixing material in mammaplasty. The breasts formed are projecting, pliable and moveable. The scar is not apparent and the result is persistent.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate a knitted polypropylene mesh used for mammapexy in correcting the breast ptosis.

METHODSTwenty-one patients with the mild or moderate breast ptosis were undergoing the mammapexy with a knitted polypropylene mesh. The operation was performed through the periareolar incision and a monofilament knitted polypropylene mesh was subcutaneously implanted on the surface of the gland and fixed upward.

RESULTSAll of the patients were satisfactory of the appearance with the follow-ups from 2 to 16 months. No secondary ptosis, hypertrophic scars and foreign body reactions were found.

CONCLUSIONThe above-mentioned technique could be a good, safe and reliable method for correcting breast ptosis.

BACKGROUNDThe determination of the width of the implant is the first key step to select shape and volume of the implant in breast augmentation. The aim of this study was to introduce a new method to determine the width of the implant (W) and explain the reasons to do so in details.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to June 2014, the authors have found and applied "CD -4" theory to determine the width of breast implant (W) in dual plane I or II breast augmentation cases through transaxillary or periareolar incision for 560 patients. "CD" is defined as the curved distance on skin from the midline of the sternal bone to the anterior axillary line (AAL) on the lateral chest wall through the horizontal level on inferior mammary fold. W = CD - 4 (or 3.5) cm.

RESULTSThe 560 patients used both round and anatomic implants with W from 10.5 cm to 12.5 cm. Their CDs are from 14.5 cm to 17 cm. About 78% of the patients have got followed up from 1 month to 5 years postoperatively. Except for four patients who got unilateral capsular contractions, all the other patients are satisfied with their nature new breast shapes and volumes. Their new intermammary cleavages without bras are between 1 cm and 2.5 cm, and lateral borders of the breast are on the area of the AAL.

CONCLUSIONSW (width of the implant) = CD - 4 (cm) when doing dual plan I or II breast augmentation. For the very thin patient, 4 should be 3.5.

Maintaining projection of the reconstructed nipple is important for achieving natural and aesthetically appealing outcomes in breast reconstruction. Although various methods of avoiding mechanical force on the reconstructed nipple have been developed, the existing methods are inconvenient, crude, non-reusable, and difficult to clean or adjust. In the present study, a simple method of creating a nipple splint using a thermoplastic material is described. This splint can be easily manipulated, washed, and reused, and it is comfortable to wear for long-term use without any complications and convenient for the patient to apply.
Casts, Surgical ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Methods ; Nipples ; Splints

Many people experience psychological distress because of large nipples. In this article, the authors would like to introduce our simple nipple reduction method that addresses the drawbacks of previous methods. This technique for nipple reduction using an S-shaped excision is simple, safe, and predictable. It is also a suitable method for nipple reduction in men and in women who have completed breastfeeding.
Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; Methods ; Nipples* ; Surgical Flaps

Acellular Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Nipples ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo report the reduction mammaplasty with vertical incision and superior wide pedicle.

METHODSTypical Lejour mosque-dome design was performed. The inferior part of glandular tissue and skin were excised. The nipple-and-areola complex (NAC) was elevated to normal position with superior wide pedicle. The breast morphology was modified with vertical scar left.

RESULTS46 patients were treated. 4 patients had unilateral breast reduction. 14 breasts had wound dehiscence. 3 breasts received debridement, others were treated conservatively with dressings. No complete NAC necrosis occurred.

CONCLUSIONSThe reduction mammaplasty with vertical incision and superior wide pedicle is a safe and effective method with a low risk of NAC necrosis.

OBJECTIVETo introduce a modification of Lejour reduction mammaplasty.

METHODSWith the upper pedical flap as the base of mammaplasty, the lower part of breast was resected while excess skin was pushed to lateral and formed "L"-shaped scar after it was resected.

RESULTSFrom October 2005 to April 2006, the modified Lejour reduction mammaplasty was applied to 10 mammahypertrophic patients with 20 breasts in sum. The result of operation was good and only "L"-shape scar was left in the lower lateral part of the breast.

CONCLUSIONSThis method is easy to perform and could avoid inverted T scar caused by routine mammaplasty technique. This method is worth introducing widely.

A method for developing a three-dimensional visual system for simulating augmentation mammaplasty based on OpenGL is proposed. The 3D reconstruction of breast surface using NURBS, reality simulation of the breast surface, parametric design of mammary prosthesis, and simulation of postoperative effect are described. The system may provide a means for better communication between the surgeons and patients.
Breast Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Mammaplasty