OBJECTIVETo analyze the effect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) on complications of breast reconstruction using tissue expander/implant, and to offer preliminary evidences for ADM clinical application.

METHODSArticles published from Jan. 2010 to Oct. 2012 were searched in Pubmed, EMbase, Science Direct and CNKI database. Literatures were filtrated according to inclusive criteria. Values were extracted from included literatures; factors regarding complications were collected. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata 12. 0.

RESULTS10 researches were included. Comparing to control group, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of overall complications, infections, hematomas/seromas, explantations are 1.51(P=0.038), 1.91(P=0.032), 1.80(P=0.005) and 2.37 (P=0.138) in ADM group In breast reconstruction using tissue expander/implant, ADM increases the respectively.

CONCLUSIONSoccurrence of hematomas/sarcomas as well as risks of infections and overall complications.

Acellular Dermis ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Tissue Expansion Devices ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between mammaplasty and results after polyacrylamide hydrophilic gel (PAHG) removal from breast.

METHODSFrom Feb. 2003 to Aug. 2009, 130 patients with bilateral breast augmentation by PAHG injection were treated. Preoperative ultrasound examination and MRI were performed to know the distribution of PAHG and infiltration at the surrounding tissue. According to the conditions after removal, the patients were received implant augmentation immediately, or at the second stage, or no implant.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up for 3 months at the most with a very satisfactory rate of 63.84% (83/120), a satisfactory rate of 31.53% (41/120) and a unsatisfactory rate of 4.63% (6/120). Slight capsular contracture (Baker I) occurred in 5 cases with 6 breasts in satisfactory group. All the patients in unsatisfactory groups who selected unsuitable implants by themselves were re-operated to take out the implants. 3 cases with much residue PAHG insisted to receive breast implants. Among them, 2 cases achieved acceptable results even the surface of the breasts were not smooth. No other complication happened.

CONCLUSIONSThe breast reaugmentation after PAHG removal should be performed based on the deformity and condition of breast. Both cosmetic result and psychological relief could be obtained after mammaplasty.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Device Removal ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate a safe method for correcting the secondary deformity after reduction mammaplasty.

METHODSA periareolar incision or original incision was done and the wedge-shaped glandular tissues were removed inferior-laterally in 11 patients.

RESULTS10 cases obtained the satisfactory results. One patient underwent the third operation 6 months after because of the obvious scar, and the result was yet unsatisfactory 1 year later.

CONCLUSIONSNo matter which pedicle was used in the first reduction mammaplasty, a periareolar incision or original incision with wedge-shaped glandular tissue resection is a safe method for repeated reduction mammaplasty.

Breast ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; surgery ; Reoperation

OBJECTIVETo compare the complications of two kinds reduction mammaplasty (group A: central pedicle plus lateral incision; group B: double circle incision plus mesh) and analyse the reason of the complications to avoid or reduce their happening.

METHODSThe complications in 58 patients undergone reduction mammaplasty was investigated from August 2003 to May 2006. And the kind and rate of the complications with two methods was compared. The complications include: infection, hematoma, fat liquefaction, nipple necrosis, skin necrosis, hypertrophic scars, mesh pucker, asymmetry, inadequate reduction and so on.

RESULTSFollow-up study for 4 to 33 months, 7 in group A (36 cases) got complications; 6 in group B (19 cases) got complications.

CONCLUSIONSThe rate of complications in group B was higher than in group A. The complications in group A were related to destroyed blood supply, which was due to excess excision of tissue. The complications in group B were relate to the mesh, such as too hard, not smooth, too tight, thin skin covering and so on.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Contraindications ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effect and complications of subfascial breast augmentation and submammary breast augmentation.

METHODFrom Sept. 2009 to May 2012 , 25 patients with subfascial breast augmentation and 31 patients with submammary breast augmentation were observed. The postoperative results including visible implant edge or ripple, upper pole of the implant and long-term implant ptosis were compared respectively. The complications including hematoma, infection and capsular contraction were also recorded.

RESULTS56 cases were followed up for 2 months to 26 months. The incidence rate of visible implant edge or ripple was 4.0% (1/25 ) in the subfascial group and 29.0% (9/31) in the submammary group, showing a significant difference between them ( PC 0.05). The incidence rate of convex upper pole of the implant was 8.0% (2/25) in the subfascial group and 35.5% (11/31) in the submammary group, showing a significant difference between them ( P < 0.05). Long-term implant ptosis was not found in the two groups. The incidence rate of hematoma was 4.0% (1/25) in the subfascial group and 6.5% (2/31) in the submammary group, infection was not found. The incidence rate of capsular contraction was 8.0% (2/25) in the subfascial group and 12.9% (4/31) in the submammary group, showing no statistical difference between them ( P > 0.05 ).

CONCLUSIONSSubfascial breast augmentation has more clinical advantages compared with submammary breast augmentation, but no evident difference was found in the common complication rate, such as capsular contraction.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the combined treatment with areola approach for capsular contracture after breast augmentation with implants.

METHODSFrom Feb. 2005 to Jun. 2011, 94 cases (168 sides) with Baker III and IV capsular contracture after breast augmentation with implants were treated with areola approach. The implants cavity was recreated, with or without removal of capsule. The implants were reimplanted behind pectoralis major or breast at the second stage in some patients.

RESULTS46 cases were followed up by clinic visit and the others were followed up by telephone for 6-37 months, with an average of 9.9 months. The capsular contracture was relapsed in 2 cases as Baker III and 1 case as Baker IV. All the other breasts got a good appearance with good soft texture and feeling. No hematoma, infection, implants rupture, breast ptosis or implant displacement happened.

CONCLUSIONSCombined treatment with areola approach has a good therapeutic effect for capsular contracture after breast augmentation with implants. The breast appearance is satisfactory with low occurrence of capsular contracture.

Adult ; Breast Implantation ; adverse effects ; Contracture ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo analyze the complications induced by polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty, explore the reason of the complication.

METHODSTwenty three patients with complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection were classified by signs and symptoms, ultrasound and pathologic examinations were made.

RESULTSThe main complications were pain, hard nodule, asymmetry and breast deformation. The injected material was distributed diffusely behind gland, in gland, in muscles subcutaneous, even out of breast, caused some pathologic changes and it's hard to be cleaned completely from normal tissue.

CONCLUSIONSThe complications were caused mainly by incorrect manipulation during operation, others might be relative to the injected material. The reliability of this injection method for augmentation should be cautiously observed.

Acrylic Resins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Breast Implantation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the bad effect of breast augmentation with PAAH injection and the technique to remove PAAH from breast effectively and safely.

METHODS43 cases (86 sides) underwent operation to remove the PAAH from breast through submammary incision, followed by dressing with pressure for 3 days. The patients received colored doppler ultrasonography and immunologic test before and 3 months after operation.

RESULTSPostoperative ultrasonography showed residual PAAH in breast in one case. Among the 20 cases who had preoperative breast pain, the pain relieved completely in 10 cases and improved in the other 10 cases. All the patients had some abnormal results in immunologic test which improved 3 months after operation.

CONCLUSIONSBreast augmentation with PAAH injection can result in breast pain and other complications. It may also have bad effect on the immune system. PAAH should be removed as soon as possible. The technique through submammary incision to remove PAAH is one of the safe and reliable methods.

Adult ; Breast ; surgery ; Breast Implantation ; adverse effects ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Device Removal ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze ultrasonographic features for the complications of breast augmentation with polyamide hydrogel injection.

METHODSClinical study was made for 101 patients who had received the polyamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammoplasty by using the ultrasonographic examination.

RESULTSThe 195 treated breasts in 98 patients suffered from injectable layer disorder, 1 breast for hematoma, 7 breasts in 5 patients for abscess (infection), 2 breasts in 2 patients for cancer and 3 breasts in 3 patients for fibroadenomas.

CONCLUSIONSUltrasonography may be of great diagnostic value for the complications of breast augmentation with polyamide hydrogel injection.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Mammary ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo search for the perfect therapy for the complications of breast augmentation by injecting polyacrylamide hydrogel.

METHODS15 patients whose complications were severe after hydrogel injection were included in this study. Open suction and irrigation of cavity were performed in all patients and all received immediately dual-plane augmentation mammaplasty with silicon gel prostheses.

RESULTS12 patient were followed up for 3 months to 1 year (mean 6.8 months) and no malposition or deformation occurred. 10 patients (20 breasts) had satisfactory results. The edges of the implant shell could be felt in 2 patients (3 breasts). 1 patient (1 breast) with breast firmness ranked Baker II .

CONCLUSIONSThe dual-plane breast augmentation is a valuable technique to treat the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Young Adult