No Abstract Available.
Mammals*

Human aggression is an urgent social and clinical problem. Aggression is an inescapable clinical challenge in diverse neuropsychiatric patients populations. Beacuse aggressive or violent behavior has many different causes and manifestations, the study of aggressive or violent behavior is very difficult. However, over the past 30years, such experiments have yields a large amount of information on the neuroanatomical, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms underlying aggression in mammals. In this paper, we reviewed the neurochemical and neuroanatomical aspects of human aggression.
Aggression* ; Humans ; Mammals ; Neurobiology*

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammals* ; Ovulation*

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammals* ; Ovulation* ; Rupture*

Pyrethroids have been widely using insecticides. Although generally regarded as less toxic to mammals including humans, we report one fatal case of pyrethroid poisoning with severe brain injury.
Brain Injuries* ; Humans ; Insecticides ; Mammals ; Poisoning ; Pyrethrins

1) The author investigated whether presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors exist in the cardioaccelerator nerves of cold-blooded animals(frog, tortoise) as in ones of in mammals. 2) Each atrial preparation of a frog, tortoise and guinea-pig produced the positive chronotropic and inotropic responces to field stimulation. Each ventricular muscle preparation of frog and tortoise produced positive inotropic responces to field stimulation. 3) Both the responces of frog atrium and the inotropic response of frog ventrice to the stimulation were abolished or markedly inhibited by the presence of tetrodotoxin, guanethidine and proparanolo. Both responses of tortoise atrium to the stimulation were markedly inhibited by propranolol and the inotropic response ventricle to the stimulation was markedly inhibited by tetrodotoxin. 4) Both responses of frog and tortoise atrium, and the inotropic response of frog and tortoise ventricle to the stimulation were not affected by clonidine and yohimbine. 5) Both responses of guinea-pig atrium to the stimulation were markedly inhibited in the presence of clonidine and this clonidine-induced inhibition was not observed in the presence of yohimbine. 6) The above results suggest that presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors do not exist in the cardioaccelerator nerves of frog and tortoise, being different from those of mammalisn animals.
Animals* ; Clonidine ; Guanethidine ; Mammals ; Propranolol ; Tetrodotoxin ; Yohimbine

While circadian rhythms in fluid intake, urine production, and urine storage have been substantiated in diurnal human and nocturnal rodents, the mechanism(s) underlying it is largely unknown. With the elucidations of molecular clockwork and its functional significance in mammals, new opportunities arise to investigate possible circadian control of voiding function and dysfunction, which undoubtedly needs immediate attentions of researchers in the field.
Attention ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Mammals ; Rodentia

As a key regulatory element of gene differential expression, enhancer plays a crucial role in craniomaxillofacial development through regulating the spatiotemporal expression of target genes to promote tissue-specific differentiation. With the development of CRISPR and chromosome conformation capture technique, the function of enhancer and its regulatory mechanism has been explored in depth. This paper gave a systematic review on the mechanism of enhancer regulating target gene expression and the role of enhancer in oral craniofacial development and malformation.
Animals ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Mammals/genetics*

A preliminary investigation of the medicinal mammals resources was carried out in Yancheng nature reserve, Jiangsu province, and the results are as follows: The medicinal mammals cover 18 species. Among them, 3 species are listed as the national key protection in China, 1 species is in category 1 and 2 species are in category 2. Ten species are listed in economic important category and in scientific research category. The result of the investigation revealed the situation of the medicinal mammals resources in Yancheng nature reserve, Jiangsu province, and the suggestions of protection and management about the medicinal mammals were proposed in this paper.
Animals ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Mammals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Müller glia (MG) are the primary support cells in the vertebrate retina, regulating homeostasis in one of the most metabolically active tissues. In lower vertebrates such as fish, they respond to injury by proliferating and reprogramming to regenerate retinal neurons. In mammals, MG may also react to injury by proliferating, but they fail to initiate regeneration. The barriers to regeneration could be intrinsic to mammalian MG or the function of the niche that cannot support the MG reprogramming required for lineage conversion or both. Understanding these mechanisms in light of those being discovered in fish may lead to the formulation of strategies to unlock the neurogenic potential of MG and restore regeneration in the mammalian retina.
Homeostasis ; Mammals ; Neurogenesis ; Neuroglia* ; Regeneration ; Retina ; Retinal Neurons ; Vertebrates