The present study was conducted to explore the effect of endophytic fungi fraction on growth and anti-oxidative activity of Eleutherococcus senticosus. The growth,yield,contents of MDA,and antioxidant activities were assessed in E. senticosus under five fungi fractions,namely BZ,MH,DT,JS,and XFZ. The results showed that fungi fractions and component significantly affected the growth,low concentration of DT fungi fraction significantly increased the biomass of E. senticosus,reduced the MDA content in cells,and the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts were superior to the others. The results indicated that low concentration of DT fungi fraction was the optimum fraction to achieve high yield and quality of E. senticosus.
Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Eleutherococcus ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Fungi ; chemistry ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress

BACKGROUND: To observe the effect of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) on oxidative stress and collagen fiber in skin tissue of mice and to explore the correlation between oxidative stress and collagen metabolism.
 METHODS: Forty healthy Kunming mice (male) were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, a low-, middle- and high-dose group of LAS (LD, MD and HD groups), treated with LAS at 150, 300 and 600 mg/L respectively (n=10 per group). The skin on the back of mice was smeared with distilled water or different dosage of LAS for 60 days. The measured indexes included general condition of mice, HE and Masson staining of skin, the content of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in skin tissue, the activity of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in skin tissue and serum, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum.
 RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the changes of diet, daily activities and mental state of mice with different dose of LAS were not obvious during the experiment, but the body weight of mice in the experimental groups reduced obviously after 4 weeks of experiment (P<0.01), and their skin tissue was thinner, some of epidermis of skin contained areas with cellular necrosis and abscission. Superficial layer of dermis was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. The collagen fibers were looser and dimmer. At the same time, the content of MDA and the activity of LDH increased remarkably (P<0.01), while the activity of SOD and the content of Hyp decreased obviously (P<0.01).
 CONCLUSIONS LAS can induce oxidative stress in the skin tissue of mice, which can destroy the integrity of skin structure and collagen fiber and reduce the content of collagen fiber. The oxidative damage might be the primary cause for disorders of collagen fiber.
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Alkanesulfonic Acids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism

In order to reveal feasibility of different concentrations of Ca2+ and SA on Platycodon grandiflorum under high temperature stress, the effects of Ca2+ on physiological index and related photosynthetic parameters were studied. Pot cultured P. grandiflorum leaves under the same outdoor conditions were sprayed with CaCl2 and SA separately, and then placed in the high incubator [35 degrees C/25 degrees C (day/night), light intensity 3 600 lx], and sprayed with distilled water at 25 degrees C and under high temperature stress were set as the control. The related photosynthesis, relative conductivity, contents of proline, malondialdehyde, soluble protein, activities of SOD and CAT, ASA and GSH content were measured. The results show that the 6 mmol x L(-1) CaCl2 and 1.5 mmol x L(-1) SA enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT, the contents of proline and soluble protein, and effectively reduced the damage of heat stress on cell membrance. At the same time, the exogenous Ca2+ and SA increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, the efficiency of leaf photosynthesis and ASA and GSH content, and thus effectively resisted the oxidative stress caused by high temperatures, but with the increasing concentration of spraying, P. grandiflorum decreased the ability to resist high temperature stress. In conclusion, the foliage spraying CaCl2 and SA could reduce the damage of high temperature stress on P. grandiflorum leaves.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Platycodon ; metabolism ; Salicylic Acid ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological

The aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of acute hypoxia on mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus and the underlying mechanism. Mouse model of acute hypoxia was constructed by using a sealed glass jar. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used to detect the changes of cerebral blood flow after different time duration of hypoxia. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kits were used to detect oxidative stress in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect neuroinflammatory response of microglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. One-step TUNEL method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis. The results showed that, compared with non-hypoxia (0 min hypoxia) group, 30 min hypoxia group exhibited decreased cerebral blood flow, higher percentage of CD68⁺/Iba1⁺ microglia, and increased neural apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Compared with 30 min group, 60 min hypoxia group showed significantly decreased cerebral blood flow, increased MDA content in the cortex, as well as greater percentage of CD68⁺/Iba1⁺ microglia and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These results suggest that acute hypoxia damages brain tissue in a time-dependent manner and the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important mechanisms.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Hypoxia ; Malondialdehyde ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacology*

To investigate the active compounds from on the heart and brain of mice at simulated high altitude.Fifty healthy male adult BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group, hypoxic model group, acetazolamide group, petroleum ether extract of (PESI) group and octacosan group with 10 mice in each group. Acetazolamide group, PESI group and octacosan group were treated with acetazolamide PESI (200 mg/kg) or octacosan by single tail vein injection, respectively. Except normal control group, the mice were exposed to a simulated high altitude of for in an animal decompression chamber. After the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the heart and brain were histologically observed by HE staining; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total anti-oxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, heart and brain tissues were detected by WST-1 method, ABTS method and TBA method, respectively; lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in plasma, heart and brain tissues were detected by colorimetric method and microwell plate method, respectively; ATP content and ATPase activity in heart and brain tissues were detected by colorimetric method. PESI and octacosane significantly attenuated the pathological damages of heart and brain tissue at simulated high altitude; increased SOD activity, T-AOC and LDH activity, and decreased the contents of MDA and lactic acid in plasma, heart and brain tissues; increased the content of ATP in heart and brain tissues; increased the activities of Na-K ATPase, Mg ATPase, Ca ATPase and Ca-Mg ATPase in myocardial tissue; and increased the activities of Mg ATPase, Ca-Mg ATPase in brain tissue. PESI and octacosan exert anti-hypoxic activity by improving the antioxidant capacity, reducing the free radical levels, promoting the anaerobic fermentation, and alleviating the energy deficiency and metabolic disorders caused by hypoxia in mice.
Altitude ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism* ; Heart ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective role of inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) against damage induced by formaldehyde.

METHODSHuman bronchial epithelium (HBE) cells were transfected with plasmid harboring hsp70 gene to increase the protein expression level. HBE cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 plasmid were used as transfection control and HBE cells cultured at normal condition served as control. Three groups were marked as HBE/hsp70, HBE/pcDNA and HBE. Hsp70 expression levels of 3 groups were detected. The cells of HBE/hsp70 and HBE groups were exposed to different concentrations of formaldehyde (0,0.39,1.56,6.25 mmol/L) for 4 h. The contents of GSH and MDA were measured, and KCl-SDS method was applied to measure DNA-protein crosslink (DPC).

RESULTSHsp70 level in HBE/hsp70 group increased by 80% compared with HBE group. GSH contents in HBE/hsp70 group significantly increased and were 141.0, 119.6 mg/gpro at 0.39, 1.56 mmol/L, respectively (P<0.01), as compared with HBE group. However, it decreased when formaldehyde concentration increased to 6.25 mmol/L. While GSH content in HBE group remained decreasing. MDA contents in HBE/hsp70 and HBE group increased with formaldehyde. MDA content in HBE/hsp70 was 0.088 micromol/gpro and significantly lower than that (0.138 micromol/gpro) in HBE group (P<0.05) when formaldehyde concentration was 1.56 mmol/L, At the formaldehyde dose of 6.25 mmol/L MDA content in HBE/hsp70 was 0.140 micromol/gpro which was significantly lower than that (0.289 micromol/gpro) in HBE group (P<0.01). DPC% in two groups increased with formaldehyde. At the formaldehyde dose of 0.39 mmol/L, DPC% in HBE/hsp70 group was 3.94% which was significantly lower than that (6.25%) in HBE group (P< 0.01). At the formaldehyde dose of 1.56 mmol/L, DPC% in HBE/hsp70 group was 11.86% which was significantly lower than that (20.89%) in HBE group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHsp70 can reduce formaldehyde-induced damages in human bronchial epithelium cells in vitro.

Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Formaldehyde ; toxicity ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the roles of oxidative stress in the generation and development of aneurysms.

METHODSFive terminal aneurysms and 8 lateral aneurysms were rebuilt on rabbits, and 6 normal artery vessels were prepared as control. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and anti-reactive oxygen species unit (anti-ROS unit) were measured with chemical methods.

RESULTSThe levels of MDA in terminal and lateral aneurysms were (33.85 +/- 8.66) and (27.87 +/- 5.78) nmol/mg prot, respectively, which were significantly higher than (10.91 +/- 2.72) nmol/mg prot in control group (P < 0.01). The levels of SOD in terminal and lateral aneurysms were (28.30 +/- 3.58) and (33.00 +/- 8.09) U/mg prot, respectively, which were significantly lower than (127.27 +/- 38.72) U/mg prot in control group (P < 0.01). The levels of anti-ROS unit in terminal and lateral aneurysms were (47.86 +/- 5.00) and (62.64 +/- 13.87) U/ mg prot, respectively, which were significantly lower than (116.94 +/- 9.22) U/mg prot in control group (P < 0.01). No significant differences were shown between terminal aneurysm and lateral aneurysm in MDA and SOD except anti-ROS unit (P = 0.014). MDA had negative correlations with both SOD and anti-ROS unit, and the correlation coefficients were -0. 830 and -0. 852, respectively.

CONCLUSIONOxidative stress may play an important role in the development of aneurysms. Oxidative stress seems similar among various aneurysms.

Aneurysm ; classification ; metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Rabbits ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the dynamic changes of free iron contents and its relationship to the changes of lipid peroxidation after experimental spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODSSprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (n=6) received no operation; Group B (n=48) received only laminectomy (sham); and Group C (n=48) received both laminectomy and traumatic injury (SCI model). The SCI animal models were made by using an modified Allen's weight-drop device (50 g.cm) on T(12). Rats were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours after injury. The levels of free iron involved in spinal cord segments at different time points were measured by bleomycin assay. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was also measured by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA).

RESULTSAfter SCI in Group C, the level of free iron showed a significant increase at 0.5 hour compared to Groups B and A, restored to the control level at 6 h; the level of MDA was increased at 0.5 hour, peaked at 3 hours, returned to the control level at 12 hours; the concentrations of free iron and lipid peroxidation in injured rats were significantly and positively correlated at 0.5-3 hours.

CONCLUSIONSAfter SCI the levels of free iron are increased quickly and might be a major contributor to lipid peroxidation in injured spinal cord.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Iron ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; metabolism

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Serum ; metabolism ; Silicosis ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of intervention of moxa smoke with different concentrations on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and lung of male rats, so as to explore the safety concentration of moxa smoke.

METHODSA total of 32 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into a control group, a low-concentration group, a moderate-concentration group and a high-concentration group, 8 rats in each one. All the rats were exposed in the full-automatic toxicant exposure cabinet, and the overshadow of moxa smoke was set at 0%, 10%, 40% and 70%, respectively. Each rat was exposed for 20 min per day. After 26 weeks, the activities of SOD and content of MDA in serum, lung organ and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were tested.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the activities of serum SOD in the high-concentration group were reduced (P< 0. 05), but those in the low-concentration group and moderate-concentration group were not significantly different (both P>0. 05). Compared with the control group, the content of serum MDA in the low-concentration group, moderate-concentration group and high-concentration group was increased insignificantly (all P>0. 05). There were no significant differences regarding activities of SOD and content of MDA in lung organ and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among each moxa smoke group (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThere is no obvious toxic reaction in the low-concentration group and moderate-concentration group; in the high-concentration group the antioxidant ability is damaged due to long-term exposure.

Animals ; Artemisia ; chemistry ; Lung ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Moxibustion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smoke ; analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism