OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IP) against different degrees of testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rabbits.

METHODSForty-two white male rabbits were equally randomized into 7 groups: a control, 3 IR (R1, R2 and R3), and 3 IP (P1, P2 and P3) groups. Testicular models of different degrees of ischemia were established in the IR and IP groups. Before reperfusion, ultrasonography showed homogeneous echoes with slightly decreased blood flow in R1 and P1, heterogeneous echoes with obviously decreased blood flow in R2 and P2, lamellar or fragmental low echo areas absent of blood flow signals in R3 and P3. Then the IR groups were directly subjected to perfusion, and the IP groups to 3 episodes of 30-second reperfusion followed by 30-second ischemia. All the groups underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) before reperfusion and, after 3 days, examined for the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and histology, and observed for the pathological changes of the testicular tissue.

RESULTSBefore reperfusion, no significant differences were found in the CEUS parameters beta, time-to- peak (TTP), peak-base intensity (PBD) and half of declining time (DT/2) between R1 and P1, R2 and P2, and R3 and P3 (P>0.05). There were remarkable differences in MDA and SOD between R1 and P1, and R2 and P2 (P<0.05), but not between R3 and P3 (P >0.05). Johnson's score, apoptosis index and ultrastructure showed marked differences between R1 and P1 (P<0.05) but not between R2 and P2, and R3 and P3 (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONIP can attenuate IR-induced testis injury, but the effect varies with the degree of ischemia, and its pathological manifestation differs from the biochemical one.

Animals ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; Testis ; pathology

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) seems to take a part in atherogenesis through direct interactions with macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, and is thought to participate in renal glomerular injury. For the purpose of illustrating the role of oxidized LDL in the human diseases, monoclonal antibodies were developed and characterized, recognizing oxidized LDL-specific epitopes that do not exist on native LDL. LDL was oxidized by the incubation with CuSO4, and used as immunogen. Splenocytes from the immunized mouse and mouse myeloma cells were fused to produce hybridomas, which were screened for the secretion of oxidized LDL-specific antibodies. Immunoblot analysis and binding affinity assay showed that these monoclonal antibodies recognize malondialdehyde-conjugated peptide epitopes.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes ; Human ; Lipoproteins, LDL/immunology* ; Malondialdehyde/immunology ; Malondialdehyde/analysis ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis

PURPOSE: To determine whether seminal malondialdehyde and carbonyl group have any relation to sperm motility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human semen samples were obtained by masturbation after 3 days of abstinence from patients consulting an infertility clinic. Using conventional semen analysis, samples were divided into two groups according to sperm motility (group 1: motility > OR =50%, group 2: motility <50%). Malondialdehyde and carbonyl group were measured in whole semen. RESULTS: The amount of malondialdehyde and carbonyl group was slightly lower in group 1 than group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant, it seems possible that malondialdehyde and carbonyl group, which are produced from reactive oxygen, are negatively correlated with sperm motility.
Humans* ; Infertility ; Malondialdehyde ; Masturbation ; Oxygen ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa*

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotypes and lipid peroxidation of asbestos workers.

METHODS94 asbestos workers and 51 controls were selected as subjects. The general information, occupational history and individual habits were collected by questionnaires in all participants. The venous blood was sampled and the plasma was separated for the detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and lymphocytes for DNA isolation and GSTM1 genotyping.

RESULTSMDA level was significantly higher in asbestos workers [(0.283 +/- 0.054) nmol/L] than that in controls [(0.163 +/- 0.053) nmol/L, P < 0.01], however, neither duration of exposure nor accumulated asbestos exposure dose was related to MDA levels; MDA levels in control workers with GSTM1 +/- genotype [(0.190 +/- 0.034) nmol/L] were significantly higher than that in control workers with GSTM1 +/+ genotype [(0.138 +/- 0.055) nmol/L, P < 0.01]. Among asbestos workers, the same trend could be found, but the differences was not significant(P > 0.05). When the workers were stratified by duration of exposure or accumulated asbestos exposure dose, MDA levels in individuals with GSTM1 -/- genotype were also higher than those with GSTM1 +/+ genotype, but the differences were also not significant(P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth exposure to asbestos and deficiency of GSTM1 genotype were related to lipid peroxidation in workers, but the role of the former may be more important than that of the latter.

Asbestos ; adverse effects ; Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Occupational Exposure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of infrared radiation (IR) on the skin scald in rats.

METHODSThirty-nine male Wistar rats were used in the study, and they were randomly divided into normal control (C, n = 13), scald (S, n = 13, no treatment after scalding) and treatment (T, n = 13, with IR radiation treatment for 5 days since 2nd post scalding day (PSD) groups. The rats in S and T groups were subjected to deep partial thickness scalding on the back. The cutaneous tissue samples from rat wound in each group were harvested on the 3rd and 7th PSD for pathomorphological examination. DNA synthesis in wound tissue was analyzed by 3H-TdR incorporation method, and the vascular permeability in cutaneous tissue, degree of tissue edema and MDA content were determined by corresponding methods.

RESULTSEpidermal exfoliation, cutaneous ulcer, follicular atrophy and damage, and massive formation of collagen were identified in the skin wound of rats in S group on the 7th PSD compared with C group. The skin in T group was smooth with slight atrophy and a few collagen fibers in follicles. The 3H-TdR incorporation amount in the rats in T group (1856.33 +/- 343.81 cpm/mg) on the 7th PSD was significantly higher than that in S group (1353.95 +/- 274.48 cpm/mg) (P < 0.01). The tissue permeability, edema degree and MDA content in the cutaneous tissue in S group were obviously higher than those in group C, while these indices were markedly lower in T group when compared with those in S group (P < 0.01-0.001).

CONCLUSIONTreatment with IR seemed to be beneficial to the promotion of skin tissue metabolism and tissue repair.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Infrared Rays ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of waterlogging stress on medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium during the seedling stage and build a reliable evaluation of flooding tolerance indicator system.

METHODThe three cultivars: C. morifolium cv. Hongxinju, C. morifolium cv. Xiaobaiju and C. morifolium cv. Changbanju were studied for the and the effect of waterlogging stress on their physiological and biochemical chracteristics.

RESULTWith the extension of waterlogging, the content of chlorophyll and relative leaf water potential were decreased, meanwhile malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and soluble sugar were increased. The catalase (CAT) of C. morifolium cv. Hongxinju rose at first and then dropped and CAT of C. morifolium cv. Xiaobailu and C. morifolium cv. Changbanju declined at first before decreased, and then dropped again. The peroxidase (POD) rose firstly before decrease and then increases again. After the waterlogging treatments which last for 4 days, the physiology and biochemistry characteristics can not restore to the comparison (CK) within 3 days.

CONCLUSIONFour days waterlogging treatment had made serious damage on medicinal Chrysanthemum. Among three cultivars, C. morifolium Ramat. cv. Hongxinju showed the highest tolerance ability, while C. morifolium cv. Changbanju was the lowest, and C. morifolium cv. Xiaobaiu was in the middle. The malonaldehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) could be the main physiological and biochemical indexes to reflect the tolerance ability against waterlogging.

Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carbohydrates ; analysis ; Catalase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; enzymology ; physiology ; Dehydration ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; metabolism ; Peroxidase ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; enzymology ; physiology ; Water ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of establishing a mouse model of ovarian oxidative stress by intraperitoneal injections of arsenic sodium.

METHODSTwenty adult female Kunming mice were randomized equally into the normal control group and ovarian oxidative stress model group for intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml distilled water and 8 mg/kg arsenic sodium solution every other day, respectively. After 8 injections, the mice were sacrificed for histological observation of the ovarian sections and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of serum estradiol (E(2)) and pregnenedione (P) levels ande contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) , malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the ovary homogenate.

RESULTSNumerous atretic follicles were found in the ovaries of mice in the model group with obviously reduced growing follicles. Compared with those in the normal control group, the contents of ROS and MDA increased and SOD and GSH-Px levels in the ovarian homogenate decreased significantly in the model group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONA mouse model of ovarian oxidative stress can be established by intraperitoneal injections of arsenic sodium.

Animals ; Arsenites ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; analysis ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Ovary ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo examine the protective effect of ecdysterone (ECR) against beta-amyloid peptide fragment(25-35) (Abeta(25-35))-induced PC12 cells cytotoxicity, and to further explore its mechanism.

METHODSExperimental PC12 cells were divided into the Abeta group (treated by Abeta(25-35) 100 micromol/L), the blank group (untreated), the positive control group (treated by Vit E 100 micromol/L after induction) and the ECR treated groups (treated by ECR with different concentrations of 1, 50 and 100 micromol/L). The damaged and survival condition of PC12 cells in various groups was monitored by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and MTT assay. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by fluorometric assay to indicate the lipid peroxidation. And the antioxidant enzymes activities in PC12 cells, including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were detected respectively.

RESULTSAfter PC12 cells were treated with Abeta(25-35) (100 micromol/L) for 24 hrs, they revealed a great decrease in MTT absorbance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT and GSH-Px as well as a significant increase of LDH activity and MDA content in PC12 cells (P < 0.01). When the cells was pretreated with 1-100 micromol/L ECR for 24 hrs before Abeta(25-35) treatment, the above-mentioned cytotoxic effect of Abeta(25-35) could be significantly attenuated dose-dependently, for ECR 50 micromol/L, P < 0.05 and for ECR 100 micromol/L, P < 0.01. Moreover, ECR also showed significant inhibition on the Abeta(25-35) induced decrease of SOD and GSH-Px activity, but not on that of CAT.

CONCLUSIONECR could protect PC12 cells from cytotoxicity of Abeta(25-35), and the protective mechanism might be related to the increase of SOD and GSH-Px activities and the decrease of MDA resulting from the ECR-pretreatment.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Catalase ; analysis ; Ecdysterone ; pharmacology ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; analysis ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; analysis ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of bifidobacteria on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in serum and ileum tissues of young rats with endotoxin-induced intestinal damage, and possible protective mechanisms of bifidobacteria on intestines.

METHODSEigteen-day-old Wistar rats were randomly administered with normal saline (NS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) or LPS + bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria (0.5 mL, twice a day) was intragastrically administrated 7 days prior to LPS injection until the end of the experiment. MDA contents in serum and ileum were detected by the TBA method. Expression of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after 2, 6, 24 and 72 hrs of LPS injection.

RESULTSThe serum and ileum MDA contents in the untreated LPS group increased significantly and reached a peak at 6 hrs of LPS injection when compared with the NS control group (ileum: 99.88 +/- 12.62 nmol/mg prot vs 84.25+/-12.96 nmol/mg prot, P < 0.05; serum: 1.67 +/- 0.30 nmol/mL vs 1.13 +/- 0.20 nmol/mL, P < 0.05). The MDA contents in ileum (92.75 +/- 9.28 nmol/mg prot) and serum (1.17 +/- 0.23 nmol/mL) in the bifidobacteria-treated group at 6 hrs of LPS injection were significantly lower than in the LPS group (P < 0.05). The expression of ICAM-1 protein in the untreated LPS group remarkably increased at 6, 12, 24 and 72 hrs of LPS injection when compared with the NS control group (P < 0.01). The bifidobacteria-treated group displayed lower ICAM-1 protein levels than the untreated LPS group at 72 hrs of LPS injection (P < 0.01). The ICAM-1 mRNA expression in the untreated LPS group significantly increased at 2 hrs of LPS injection when compared with the NS control group (P < 0.01). The ICAM-1 mRNA expression in the bifidobacteria-treated group began to decrease at 2 hrs of LPS injection and was reduced again at 24 hrs after experiencing increase at 6 and 12 hrs of LPS injection when compared with the untreated LPS group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe serum and ileum MDA contents and the expression of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA increased in young rats with endotoxin-induced intestinal damage. Bifidobacteria supplementation can decrease MDA contents and inhibit ICAM-1 expressions, thus providing protections for intestines.

Animals ; Bifidobacterium ; Ileum ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; analysis ; genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the damage effect of benzene on DNA and its mechanism and the changes of antioxidative enzymes in vivo.

METHODSDNA break in bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice exposed to benzene by 4 h static inhalation per day at different concentrations for two months were analyzed with single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Meanwhile, the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and the level of MDA in liver, spleen and brain were detected.

RESULTSIn low and high dosage groups, the rate of DNA migration of bone marrow cells (83.56% +/- 10.28%, 92.54% +/- 15.93%) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (41.27% +/- 6.03%, 65.79% +/- 11.62%) were higher than those in control (4.13% +/- 0.52% and 2.21% +/- 0.31% respectively, P<0.05]. The activity of SOD in liver [(754.33 +/- 116.30), (694.26 +/- 116.30) U/mg pro] and GSH-Px [(22.52 +/- 3.31), (18.56 +/- 4.97) U/mg pro] were lower than those in control [(999.92 +/- 188.24) and (35.31 +/- 6.63) U/mg pro respectively, P<0.05, P<0.01]. But there was no significant difference between the two dosage groups. The activity of GSH-Px in spleen of both groups [(31.38 +/- 2.71), (25.30 +/- 7.44) U/mg pro] were lower than that of control [(37.11 +/- 3.42) U/mg pro, P<0.05] and there was significant difference between the two dosage groups. The activity of GSH-Px in brain of both groups [(5.70 +/- 0.84), (5.24 +/- 1.19) U/mg pro, P<0.05] were lower than that of control [(7.10 +/- 0.46) U/mg pro, P<0.05], but there was no significant difference between the two dosage groups. The level of MDA in brain of high dosage group [(3.99 +/- 1.15) nmol/mg pro] was higher than that of control [(2.58 +/- 0.53) nmol/mg pro, P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONChronic benzene poisoning may result in DNA break in bone marrow cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes and decrease in the activity of antioxidative enzymes.

Animals ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Chronic Disease ; DNA Damage ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Mice ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism