Background: This study investigated the possible protective effects of bilberry extract after exposing rat eyes to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Methods: Four groups of rats were included in this study, each consisting of 10 Wistar rats. The first group acted as the control, and the second group was exposed to UV-B, 5 KJ/m2 (λm = 300 nm), for 15 minutes. The third group was orally administered bilberry extract (160 mg twice per day) for two weeks before exposure to the UV-B, while the fourth group was administered the same dose of bilberry extract for two weeks before euthanisation. A comet assay was used to examine DNA damage, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), activities were measured in the lens. Results: After exposing the rats to UV-B radiation, the mean percentage tail DNA and tail moment were significantly increased (P < 0.001) when compared to the control group. In the same context, the lens tissue MDA levels and CAT activity were also significantly increased (P < 0.001). The supplementation of the bilberry extract was found to improve the comet assay parameters and enzymatic activity of the rat lens tissue. Conclusion: The administration of bilberry led to a decrease in the oxidative stress in the lens tissues and DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation in the lenses of Wistar rats.
Vaccinium myrtillus ; DNA ; Comet Assay ; Malondialdehyde

We aimed to investigate whether agoraphobia (A) in panic disorder (PD) has any effects on oxidative and anti-oxidative parameters. We measured total antioxidant capacity (TAC), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE) antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA) oxidant levels using blood samples from a total of 31 PD patients with A, 22 PD patients without A and 53 control group subjects. There was a significant difference between the TAC, PON, ARE and MDA levels of the three groups consisting of PD with A, PD without A and the control group. The two-way comparison to clarify the group creating the difference showed that the TAC, PON, and ARE antioxidants were significantly lower in the PD with A group compared to the control group while the MDA oxidant was significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the PD without A and control groups for TAC, PON, ARE and MDA levels. We clearly demonstrated that the oxidative stress and damage to the anti-oxidative mechanism are significantly higher in the PD group with A. These findings suggest that oxidative/anti-oxidative mechanisms may play a more important role on the pathogenesis of PB with A.
Agoraphobia* ; Antioxidants ; Aryldialkylphosphatase ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxidative Stress* ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic*

OBJECTIVE: Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) prevents lipids from peroxidation and functions as an antioxidant mechanism. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of lipid peroxidation and can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate PON1, MDA, and arylesterase (ARY) levels in schizophrenic patients who are taking typical, atypical, or combined (typical and atypical) antipsychotic drug treatment, with respect to those of healthy controls. METHODS: We evaluated 41 patients (11 taking typical antipsychotics, 19 taking atypical antipsychotics, 11 taking combined anti-psychotics) and 43 healthy controls. RESULTS: MDA levels were higher in schizophrenic patients taking typical antipsychotics compared with healthy controls (p=0.001). ARY levels were higher in patients taking atypical antipsychotics compared with healthy controls (p=0.005). PON1 activity was similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that treatment with typical antipsychotic drugs could be related to increased MDA levels; and antipsychotic medication may increase PON1 levels in schizophrenic patients.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Aryldialkylphosphatase* ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde* ; Oxidative Stress ; Schizophrenia*

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation induced by strenuous exercise in rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: a sedentary control group, an exercise control group, and three treatment exercise groups administered increasing doses of resveratrol (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight). Resveratrol was administered by oral gavage once daily for four weeks. At the end of the four-week period, the rats performed a strenuous exercise on the treadmill, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured. The results showed that resveratrol supplementation had protective effects against strenuous exercise-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation by lowering the levels of LDH, CK, MDA, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG in the serum or muscle of rats. These beneficial effects are probably owing to the inherent antioxidant activities of resveratrol.
Animals ; Creatine Kinase ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Malondialdehyde ; Rats*

Six month old Cinnamomum cassia seedlings were used to simulate drought stress with polyethylene glycol(PEG 6000). The physiological indicators(osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymes, etc.) and chemical components of seedlings under different drought levels and the correlation between the two were studied. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and relative water content decreased gradually with the increase of PGE 6000(0, 5%, 10%, 15%) concentration and time(3, 5, 7 d), while the soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and catalase(CAT) activity increased, but the rising rate slowed down with the time. The activities of peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline content increased at first and then decreased. The content of coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and dimethoxycinnamaldehyde decreased, while the content of cinnamyl alcohol continued to increase.Under drought stress, the fluorescence signals of reactive oxygen species and no contents in roots of C. cassia seedlings were significantly stronger than those of the control.Further correlation analysis showed that coumarin content, di-methoxycinnamaldehyde content and osmoregulation substance content were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.05), cinnamic acid content was significantly negatively correlated with POD and SOD activities(P<0.01).It was found that C. cassia seedlings showed a certain degree of drought tolerance under short-term or mild drought stress, but if the drought exceeded a certain degree, the physiological metabolism of the seedlings would be unbalanced.
Catalase ; Cinnamomum aromaticum ; Droughts ; Malondialdehyde ; Seedlings ; Stress, Physiological ; Superoxide Dismutase

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of tea polyphenols intervention on excess alcohol intake induced liver injury in rats. This study established the animal model of chronic liver injury rats induced by alcohol. Our results will provide experimental evidence for the effects of tea polyphenol on chronic alcoholic liver injury. METHODS: Alcohol-induced liver injury rat models were established, and the tea polyphenols intervention was performed in the meantime. After 8 weeks, rats were anesthetized, and visceral fat and liver samples were separated, weighted and stored. Visceral fat content was evaluated in fat/body weight ratio. Liver lipid accumulation was assessed by liver index and the result of Oil Red O staining. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity assay (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were detected. And fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) protein level in liver was detected. RESULTS: Compared with the control group rats, the fat/body weight ratio, SOD/MDA, T-AOC and GSH-Px activity of chronic liver injury rats were decreased significantly (<0.05,<0.01). Meanwhile the liver index, FAT/CD36 protein level and lipid deposition in liver of chronic liver injury rats were increased (<0.01). Compared with chronic liver injury rats, the tea polyphenols intervention increased fat/body weight ratio (<0.05), and significantly increased SOD/MDA, T-AOC and GSH-Px activity (<0.01). Meanwhile the tea polyphenols intervention reduced liver index (<0.01), FAT/CD36 protein level (<0.01) and lipid deposition in liver. CONCLUSIONS Tea polyphenols intervention can improve lipid deposition and oxidative stress in chronic alcoholic liver, which is concurrent with decreased FAT/CD36 protein expression on the hepatocyte membrane.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Liver ; Malondialdehyde ; Polyphenols ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Tea

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with pulmonary protective ventilation against lung injury in patients undergoing surgeries for esophageal cancer with one-lung ventilation (OLV). METHODS: Forty patients with undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer with OLV were randomly divided into pulmonary protective ventilation strategy group (F group) and dexmedetomidine combined with protective ventilation strategy group (DF group; =20). In F group, lung protective ventilation strategy during anesthesia was adopte, and in DF group, the patients received intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (0.3 μg · kg ·h) during the surgery starting at 10 min before anesthesia induction in addition to protective ventilation strategy. Brachial artery blood was sampled before ventilation (T), at 30 and 90 min after the start of OLV (T and T, respectively) and at the end of the surgery (T) for analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), arterial oxygenation pressure (PaO), oxygenation index (OI) and lung compliance (CL). RESULTS: At the time points of T, T and T, SOD level was significantly higher and IL-6 level was significantly lower in the DF group than in F group ( < 0.05). The patients in DF group showed significantly higher PaO, OI and CL index than those in F group at all the 3 time points. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine combined with pulmonary protective ventilation strategy can reduce perioperative lung injury in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer with OLV by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress to improve lung function and reduce adverse effects of the surgery.
Dexmedetomidine ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Lung ; Malondialdehyde ; One-Lung Ventilation

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) seems to take a part in atherogenesis through direct interactions with macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, and is thought to participate in renal glomerular injury. For the purpose of illustrating the role of oxidized LDL in the human diseases, monoclonal antibodies were developed and characterized, recognizing oxidized LDL-specific epitopes that do not exist on native LDL. LDL was oxidized by the incubation with CuSO4, and used as immunogen. Splenocytes from the immunized mouse and mouse myeloma cells were fused to produce hybridomas, which were screened for the secretion of oxidized LDL-specific antibodies. Immunoblot analysis and binding affinity assay showed that these monoclonal antibodies recognize malondialdehyde-conjugated peptide epitopes.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes ; Human ; Lipoproteins, LDL/immunology* ; Malondialdehyde/immunology ; Malondialdehyde/analysis ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in the liver is currently unclear. Emerging evidence suggests a relationship between UCP2 and oxidative stress. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that UCP2 expression in the liver might change during warm ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) according to oxidative stress. METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to 40 (short ischemia) or 90 (long ischemia) minutes of partial lobar ischemia followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. UCP2 expression in the ischemic and nonischemic lobes was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Malondialdehyde concentrations in the liver tissue were also compared. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde concentrations in the ischemic lobes were significantly higher in the long ischemia group. In the ischemic lobes of the short ischemia group, UCP2 protein expression was induced in hepatocytes, which did not express the protein prior to treatment, and the expression levels were higher than in the long ischemia group. The intralobular distribution of UCP2 seemed to correlate inversely with that of the necrotic area. UCP2 expression was observed, even in nonischemic lobes with similar intralobular heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: UCP2 was induced in hepatocytes after warm I/R. Although the primitive role of UCP2 expression may be cytoprotective in nature, its actual protective effect in hepatic I/R may be minimal
Animals ; Hepatocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ion Channels ; Ischemia ; Liver ; Malondialdehyde ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is an acquired and progressive hypomelanotic disease that manifests as circumscribed depigmented patches on the skin. Although the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated, an imbalance of the oxidant/antioxidant system has been proposed as an important etiologic mechanism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant status of vitiligo patients at the erythrocyte level. METHODS: Fifty-three vitiligo patients and 65 phototype-, age-, and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from all subjects, and all patients were instructed to answer a questionnaire. RESULTS: Erythrocyte levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured. All patients were told to answer a questionnaire regarding their habitual behavior, including frequency of smoking and type of diet. We observed significantly lower levels of GSH in vitiligo patients, but the levels of MDA did not differ between patients and controls. Vitiligo patients who smoked showed significantly lower GSH levels compared to non-smoking patients, but the levels of MDA were unchanged between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: From our results, we conclude that reduced erythrocytic or systemic GSH levels constitute a distinctive feature in vitiligo patients regardless of disease activity.
Diet ; Erythrocytes ; Glutathione ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; Skin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitiligo ; Surveys and Questionnaires