In this paper, the distribution, host restriction, and taxonomic position of Valsa mali are discussed.
Far East* ; Fungi* ; Mali* ; Trees*

BACKGROUND: It is important to avoid the direct contact with water of detergents as possible for the treatment and prevention of hand eczema. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of skin protector, Marly skin on housewifes eczema, METHODS: The patients with hand eczema apply skin protector, Maly skin, four times a day on their both hands. They are evaluated with the scores of subjective symptor is(itch, dryness, smarting) and objective signs(erythema, scaling, fissures), and skin replica which are taken from the specified site are analysed by using an image analyser and, scanning electron micrascipe. RESULTS: 4 weeks after application of skin protector, there are statstically significant decrease of total clinical symptom scores. Scanning electron microscopic findings of the skin replicas show marked changes between the beginning and the end of the study. On quantive image analysis of the skin replicas, the length of fissure is a little decreased and the depth of rrows is slightly increased than before application of skin protector, but these are not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Skin protector, Marly skin, has a protective effect on the development of hand eczema.
Detergents ; Eczema* ; Hand ; Humans ; Mali ; Skin

We performed a clinical observation on the 208 cases of infectious hepatitis who were cared at the pediatric department of Fatima Hospital from July, 1, 1970, to June, 30, 1977, and obtained the following results. 1. The ratio of infectious hepatitis to the total number of in-patients was 3.25 in average. 2. There was no significant difference in seasonal incidence except spring when the incidence was lower than the other seasons. 3. The age-group of 3~8 years old occupied 69% of the total cases and sex incidence revealed mali predominence with the ratio about 2:1. 4. The frequently observed clinical manifestations included ; Anorexia(71%)Nausea/Vomiting(65%), Tiredness(53%), Dark urine(59%), Abdominal pain(54%), Fever(45%), Jaundice(75%), Hepatomegaly(71%), Tenderness on upper adbomen(40%), and Palpable spleen(12.3%). 5. In the most of the cases the hematologic findings were with-in normal limit. 6. Bilirubinuria was observed in about 65% of the tested cases during the first 2 weeks of the illness and urinary urobilinogen was decreased during the second week of the illness. 7. In the majority of the cases the serum bilirubin reached peak during the second week of the illness and ranged 2~15mg%. And by the end of the 4th week illness, they returned to less than 2mg% in the 85%of the tested cases. 8. SGOT and SGPT reached peak during the first week of the illness and by the end of 4th week, they returned to less than 100 unit in the most the tested cases. And the values of SGOTwere higher than SGOT throughout the course of the illness. 9. The electrophoresis of the serum protein revealed as follow ; 1-globulin decreased slightly and -globulin in creased. 10. We experienced 30 cases (14.4%) of anicteric hepatitis. 11. ABHg was positive in 2(3.8%) of the 52 tested cases. 12. 10 of the 208 cases complicated hepatic coma and 10 of them expired and 3 of them dischared without clinical improvement.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Child* ; Electrophoresis ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mali ; Seasons ; Urobilinogen

PURPOSE: To compare the contrast enhancement patterns of hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs), hemangiomas, and metastases on three-phase images with spiral CT for differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-phasespiral CT scan was performed in 73 patients with hepatic masses. CT scanning was performed with a table speed of 10mm/sec, section thickness of 10mm, and a reconstruction interval of 5mm, 100-150ml of contrast medium was injected intravenously with an automatic injector at a rate of 2-3mL/sec. CT scans were obtained at 30, 70 and 180 seconds after the start of contrast material injection. RESULTS: The enhancement patterns of 136 lesions in 53 patients with HCCs were as follows : 47 lesions(35%) were totally high and 55(40%) were mixed in the early phase ;30 lesions(22%) were mixed and 66(49%) were totally low in the portal phase ; and 105 lesions(78%) were totally low in the delayed phase. In hemangiomas of 23 lesions in 15 patients, 7 lesions(30%) were peripherally high and11(48%) were totally low in the arterial phase ; 4 lesions(17%) were totally high and 12(53%) were peripherally high in the portal phase ; 10 lesions(42%) were totally high and 4(18%) were peripherally high in the deayed phase. In metastatic liver mali gnancies of 42 lesions in 5 patients, 13 lesions(31%) were peripherally high and 22(52%) were totally low in the arterial phase ; 32 lesions(77%) were totally low in the portal phase, and 35(83%)were totally low in the delayed phase. CONCLUSION: Three-phase spiral CT scanning is a useful diagnostic methodin the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses including HCCs, hemangiomas, and hepatic metastases.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Liver ; Mali ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fine needle aspiration(FNA) has been quite successful in identifying benign and malignant breast lesions, but a "gray zone" exists. A total of 697 FNAs of breast were performed at Korea Cancer Center Hospital for a period of one year. One hundred and eleven of the 697 FNAs were diagnosed as atypical or suspicious for malignancy. Among them, we reviewed 74 FNAs, in which histologic diagnoses were made, and applied cytologic grading system proposed by masood et al.(1990) to evaluate the usefulness of this system in minimizing the size of gray zone. Technical problem was responsible for equivocal diagnoses in 19 FNAs. Of the remaining 55 FNAs, 18 were benign and 37 were mali. Among benign conditions, fibroadenoma(5 cases) and fibrocystic disease with fibroadenomatous feature(3 cases) constituted the largest groups. The majority of malignant conditions were infiltrating ductal carcinoma(29 cases); however, those low grade carcinomas including tubular carcinoma(3 cases), cribriform carcinoma(2 cases), and mucinous carcinoma(2 cases) occupied a relatively large proportion Cytologic grading system was quite useful in minimizing the size of gray zone. The scores of 27 out of 29 usual infiltrating ductal carcinomas belonged to the group of cytologic malignancy, however, only 2 out of 7 low grade carcinomas got scores of malignancy. FNA from fibroadenoma or fibrocystic disease with fibroadenomatous features showed a tendency toward high scores. Experience of the cytopathologist and famillarity with cytologic alteration in breast disease cannot be overemphalized.
Breast Diseases ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Fibroadenoma ; Korea ; Mali ; Mucins ; Needles

The antifungal effect of pine needle extract prepared by a distinguishable extraction method and the dry distillation method, was examined. The effect of this extract itself was insignificant. The chemical components of pine needle extract were then investigated by gas chromatographic analysis, and four chemical components, acetol, furfural, 5-methyl furfural, and terpine-4-ol, were identified. The antifungal effects of those four chemical components against Alternaria mali (A. mali), an agent of Alternaria blotch of apple, were then examined. It was observed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 6.25, 0.78, 0.78, and 12.5 (mg/ml) of acetol, furfural, 5-methyl furfural, and terpine-4-ol, respectively. MICs of furfural and 5-methyl furfural had the same order of magnitude as that of an antifungal agrochemical, chlorothalonil. Although furfural itself can not be completely substituted for an antifungal agrochemical, a partial mixture of furfural and antifungal agrochemical may be used as a substitute. The use of agrochemicals for the prevention of plant disease caused by pathogenic fungus such as A. mali could be partially reduced by the application of this mixture.
Agrochemicals ; Alternaria* ; Distillation ; Fungi* ; Furaldehyde* ; Mali* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Needles* ; Plant Diseases ; Plants*

We report herein a 82-year-old male patient having pruritic purple or violaceous grouped papules and nodules based on the dark bluish plaques of a 5-year duration on both dorsa of the feet and toes. Also he complained of moderate-degree pitting edema and varicose veins for 30 years on both lower legs. We diagnosed his skin lesion as Mali variant of pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma probably caused by chronic lymphedema and venous insufficiency.
Aged, 80 and over ; Edema ; Foot ; Humans ; Leg ; Lymphedema ; Male ; Mali ; Sarcoma* ; Skin ; Toes ; Varicose Veins ; Venous Insufficiency

PURPOSE: Intestinal atresia is a well-recognized cause of bowel obstruction in the newborn. The management of neonates with intestinal atresia has improved in recent decades due to refinements in neonatal intensive care, operative techniques, use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and neonatal anesthesia. More recently, the survival rate has risen rapidly up to 90%. METHODS: Twenty-five (25) cases of intestinal atresia were encountered at Kwangju-Christian Hospital between January 1985 and December 1998. We reviewed sex, gestational age, body weight, clinical manifestations, associated ano malies, causes, interval to operation, preoperative complications, operative methods, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Sites involved were the duodenum (n=10; 40%), the jejunum (n=5; 20%), and the ileum (n=10; 40%). The sex distribution was male predominant (1.8:1). The overall survival rate in our hospital was 76%. CONCLUSION: Refinements in neonatal intensive care and perioperative management were important in decreasing postoperative mortality.
Anesthesia ; Body Weight ; Duodenum ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Ileum ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Intestinal Atresia* ; Jejunum ; Male ; Mali ; Mortality ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Postoperative Complications ; Sex Distribution ; Survival Rate

At present, because of enormous variety of mutations in hemophilia A, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis by DNA analysis has been relied almost always on indirect detection using linkage analysis of DNA polymorphisms withim or near to the factor VIII gene. However, there is marked ethnic variation in the incidence of heterozygosity for a given DNA polymorphism. So it is very important to find out which DNA polymorphism pattern is useful in Korean families with hemophilia A for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. To identify the usefulness of DNA polymorphism in St14 VNTR locus for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in Korean populations, we have analysed the DNA polymorphism in St14 VNTR locus in 80 Korean families with hemophilia A using polymerase chain reaction. We could identify 14 alleles in subjects studied, which ranges from 620 bp to 2830 bp. Expected heterozygosity rate, calculated from the allele frequencies, was 78.7%, and observed heterozygosity rate was 71.3% (57/80). Carrier detection was performed in 43 women from families informative with St14 VNTR : Seventeen women were diagnosed as non-carriers, 11 women as carriers. And 15 women were suspected to be carriers since they were from families of sporadic cases of hemophilia A. And prenatal diagnosis was done in 4 pregnant carrier women : noe fetus proved to be normal males, two fetuses to be normal females, and one to be a carrier. And five pregnant women, suspected to be carrier since they were from families of sporadic cases of hemophilia A, underwent prenatal diagnosis : One fetus was diagnosed as a normal mali, one as a normal female, two as possible carriers, and one as a possible affeted mali, whom the analysis of factor VIII level in fetal blood by cordocentesis revealed to be affected by hemophilia A. These data indicate that PCR-based analysis of St14 VNTR is very useful for the carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A in Korea.
Alleles ; Cordocentesis ; DNA* ; Factor VIII ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Fetus ; Gene Frequency ; Hemophilia A* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mali ; Minisatellite Repeats* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

Schistosoma haematobium is one of the most prevalent parasitic flatworms, infecting over 112 million people in Africa. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of natural S. haematobium populations from the human host because of the inaccessible location of adult worms in the host. We used 4 microsatellite loci to genotype individually pooled S. haematobium eggs directly from each patient sampled at 4 endemic locations in Africa. We found that the average allele number of individuals from Mali was significantly higher than that from Nigeria. In addition, no significant difference in allelic composition was detected among the populations within Nigeria; however, the allelic composition was significantly different between Mali and Nigeria populations. This study demonstrated a high level of genetic variability of S. haematobium in the populations from Mali and Nigeria, the 2 major African endemic countries, suggesting that geographical population differentiation may occur in the regions.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mali ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Nigeria ; Schistosoma haematobium/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Schistosomiasis haematobia/*parasitology