In the absence of objective definition of work- relatedness; decision- making processes, assessments, investigations, treatment and rehabilitation on chronic back pain due to work had been challenging. BACKS questionnaire was designed to assist physicians in determining occupational low back pain among employees from the aspect of reliability and validity. Each identified employee with history of chronic back pain was given chronic back pain was given the BACKS Tool prototype to be filled in. Data was analyzed via stepwise linear regression to develop a temporary model for the BACKS Tool questionnaire. A total 220 respondents were included in the study. Among the associated factors of chronic occupational back pain were physical demand, psychological demand, colleagues who complain of similar back pain, job task involved in twisting for more than 20o, age of the employees and Pain Score that was reported by the respective employees. The regression reported sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 95.5%. In search of determining work- relatedness among employees with occupational back pain versus those due to aging, a screening tool had to be developed to assist in providing scientific assessments that would improve employee satisfaction during educational promotion and counseling.

The incidence of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion are significantly high due to the lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards contraception and it can be prevented by effective and appropriate contraceptive knowledge and usage. Considering the future role of medical students as family planning educator as well as counsellors, it is not only important to determine their knowledge, attitude and perception towards contraception but also should be updated for improvement on the quality of future healthcare professionals on contraceptive knowledge which may lead to the reduction in the number of unintended pregnancy with improving maternal morbidity and mortality. This was a cross sectional study using self-reported questionnaires survey that consists of four sections as socio-demographic characteristics information, knowledge towards contraception, attitude towards contraception, and perception of education and training in sexual and reproductive health among medical student. Questions were, distributed among medical students in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and analyzed. The response rate was 100%. and most of the respondents in this study were Malay (64·4%), female (68·3%), single (98·6%) and live in urban area (69·1%). Most of their parents had tertiary education level (father educational level, 63·3%; mother educational level, 50·0%). 56·1% of the respondents had poor level of knowledge and 59.2% of them had negative attitude towards contraception. Regarding the perception on contraception, most of the respondents thought that they did not have sufficient clinical practice (50·4%) though adequate training (57·6%) in counselling the patients for family planning service during their clinical posting. There was a significant association between gender, place of birth, ethnicity, marital status, father educational status and level of knowledge. There were a higher percentage of respondents who had poor knowledge and negative attitude towards contraception. Assessing the knowledge and attitude of medical students on contraception and their relationship with socio-demographic characteristics and socio-economic factors plays a leading role in public health projects which are aimed to combat maternal mortality through reducing unintended pregnancies. To change the attitude towards contraception and further increase the level of knowledge of contraception among medical students, collaborated health education and similar studies among health workers are highly recommended.

Literature has documented that student nurses undergo stress in their academic and clinical setting. This raises concerns because stress during undergraduate training may result in psychological or emotional impairment during the nurses’ professional life and ultimately affect the quality of patient care. The Objective of the study was to study the prevalence of stress, and the association between sociodemographic factors, stressors and coping strategies with stress. This was a cross-sectional study on 96-year 1-3 nursing students from a government university done between 2015-2018. Bahasa Malaysia translated The General Health Questionnaire, Stressors in Nursing Student Scale Questionnaire and Brief COPE Questionnaire was used in this study. This study had Malay (95.9%) and female (91.7%) dominated population. The prevalence of stress in student nurses was 25%. No association was reported between sociodemographic factors and stress. Among the 4 stressors educational, clinical, confidence and financial, clinical stressor scored the highest mean 6.40 (SD±3.66). Confidence stressor (AOR=1.26 95% CI 1.04-1.53) was the only stressor associated with stress. The top 3 coping strategies practiced by the student nurses were religion (praying), acceptance and planning. Self-blame (AOR 8.18 95% CI 1.86-35.91) was the only coping strategy associated with stress. Stress management programmes, and workshops on stress and coping strategies should be conducted yearly to ensure a well-balanced environment for good learning experiences and prevent stress related health problems and improved academic performance.

Haemodialysis is a continuous treatment provided to patients with chronic kidney disease as a replacement for renal function. It is important to assess the quality of life among these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life among patients on haemodialysis using an Indonesian version of the KDQoL-SF24 questionnaire. This is a cohort observational study that included 145 haemodialysis patients in a haemodialysis centre in Jakarta, Indonesia. A translated and validated version of the KDQoL-SF24 was used in this survey. The participants in this study had lower mean scores than the standard form in the following 6 components: burden of kidney disease (44.22±33.23), cognitive function (74.94±20.32), sleep (57.07±24.15), patient satisfaction (60.11±18.56), role-physical (26.21±44.01), emotional well-being (69.19±24.25) and role-emotional (40.69±49.18). A significant relationship was found between sexual function, physical functioning, role emotional and age among haemodialysis patients (P <0.05). Based on the overall health rating from the KDQoL-SF24, the mean and standard deviation for the 21- to 30-year-old age group was lower than the standard form. The burden of kidney disease, cognitive function, sleep, patient satisfaction, role-physical, emotional well-being and role-emotional component scores were low for haemodialysis patients in Indonesia compared to the standard form. Additionally, age significantly affected sexual function, physical functioning and role-emotional.

Dual competing responsibilities between work and family are the challenges faced by most of the healthcare staff. Ineffective handling of these responsibilities may contribute to absenteeism which further disrupt the quality of work and reduce customer satisfaction. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of job absenteeism and to identify the association between family responsibilities and job absenteeism among nurses in teaching hospital. This was a cross sectional study targeted to nurses working in medical and surgical field based in a hospital. Questionnaires were distributed using stratified random sampling. Those with working services of less than one year were excluded. The mean age was 35.9 (SD=6.44) years old. Majority were female (94.0%) and Malay (96.0%). The one-year prevalence of absenteeism was 78.0% and majority were due to emergency leaves. Taking care of elderly and no help obtained for taking care of child showed significant associations with job absenteeism which both yielded four times higher odds for being absent. Employees with additional family responsibilities should receive support by the organisation to prevent further job absenteeism among nurses.

Healthcare workers typically work in shift to ensure smooth operation of healthcare industries around the clock. However, working in shift put them at risk of developing occupational fatigue and sleepiness during and after work, with multiple adverse effects to themselves and patients under their care. This review aims to identify available evidence-based intervention for fatigue and sleepiness among healthcare workers working in shift. We searched PubMed, Scopus and CENTRAL database from January 2013 to December 2017. Selection criteria included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of any interventions on fatigue and/or sleepiness among shift workers. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts for relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We included 8 relevant trials with 7 review-relevant participants. Given the methodological diversity of the included studies in terms of interventions and assessment tools, it is not possible to determine the effectiveness of these interventions to reduce occupational fatigue or sleepiness among healthcare workers working in shift. More good quality RCTs with comparable assessment tools is needed.

High prevalence of diabetes mellitus is caused by various factors such as lifestyle changes and obesity, and tends to be higher in urban than in rural areas. The aim of this study was to analyse obesity, physical activity, smoking, and family history as determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Manado City, Indonesia. A matched case-control study of outpatients at five public health centres in Manado City from February to November 2018 was conducted; cases were patients who had been clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls were those without a diagnosis, and these were matched in a 1:1 ratio based on age and sex. Simple random sampling was used with a total of 128 participants, and data were analysed by McNemar’s test and conditional logistic regression. The results showed p-values for obesity of <0.05 (OR=7.75, 95% CI=2.73-21.95), for physical activity of <0.05 (OR=11.00, 95% CI=3.37-35.86), for smoking of 0.208 (OR=1.58, 95% CI=0.76-3.26), and for family history of diabetes mellitus of <0.05 (OR=7.00, 95% CI=2.45-19.95). Multivariate modelling showed physical activity had the highest odds of causing to type 2 diabetes mellitus with OR equals to 7.89. Significant associations were found between obesity, physical activity, and family history with physical activity returning the highest odds. Changes in lifestyle are highly recommended to prevent increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly to include frequent physical activity such as jogging, running, walking, or other aerobic exercise to increase insulin sensitivity.

Resident relocation to flats policy becomes a strategy of the Jakarta Provincial Government to overcome illegal settlements and slum areas. The relocation is also aimed to improve the quality of life, particularly of the children. This research analyses the determinant factors of the quality of life of children who are moved to the flats due to the relocation. This research uses the Kid-KINDLR questionnaire to collect data of children in the range of age 7-13 years and the Z-score method to process the data and to build an analysis. The Z-score > 0 indicates a good quality of life, while Z-score < 0 is otherwise. The result shows that 48% of the children have a good quality of life and 52% of the children have a poor quality of life (mean = 91.45 and SD = 9.559). There is a positive correlation between the quality of life of children and the pattern of nutrients intake of children (r = 0.053, p = 0.518), the education of the head of the family (r = 0.058, p = 0.478), and the household income (r = 0.070, p = 0.401). Whereas, the negative correlation between the quality of life of children and the number of family members (r = -0.088, p = 0.284). This research argues that to increase the quality of life of children, the facilities in the flats must be built properly for the growth of the children. In addition, family involvement must be improved to provide a high quality of nutrients intake for the children.

The study was conducted to develop and provide initial validation results for an Indonesian version of the Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances measure among children aged 12-15 years in Jakarta. The Child-OIDP followed an established process of cross cultural adaptation. The face and content validity, internal consistency reliability, and discriminant validity of the Indonesian version of the Child-OIDP were assessed by evaluating its psychometric properties. This was accomplished through a cross-sectional study of 502 participants using a random sampling method to select 6 of 287 schools among all public junior high schools in Jakarta. Clinical assesment was done according to the Indonesian version of the Child-OIDP. Result of this study confirmed that the cross-cultural adaptation process of the Indonesian Child-OIDP was well established. All the inter-item correlation coefficients among the eight items of Child-OIDP ranged from 0.12 to 0.41. The corrected item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.37 to 0.51. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.74. The measure was able to discriminate between different clinical groups in terms of pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, and abscess (PUFA), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Overall, 64.9% of the participants reported at least one oral impact in the past 3 months. The Indonesian version of the Child-OIDP demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability and was well able to discriminate between different clinical groups among children aged 12-15 years in Jakarta.

Acute pain service (APS) offer several techniques to the post-operative patient in controlling and relieving the pain such as intravenous infusion, patient-controlled analgesia, epidural infusion, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection and intrathecal administration. The effectiveness of and satisfaction towards APS is not clearly defined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct the cost analysis and comparison between these techniques and patient satisfaction. The study design for cost analysis was retrospective study. The means of the data were calculated based on Integration Store of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan records. In addition, the evaluation of patient’s satisfaction was conducted by using a cross-sectional study design. The mean of the data was calculated and analysed by using Chi-square test. The total cost required to prepare PCA for post-operative patient was the highest with RM 8810.98. Meanwhile, the cost for subcutaneous morphine injection, epidural infusion and peripheral block injection were RM 2.11, RM 5323.95 and RM 4.95 respectively. However, when taking into the aspect of patient’s satisfaction, PCA has the highest level of excellent performance with 54.6% compare to EDA (33%) and BLOCK (12.4%) with the p-value is less than 0.05. In conclusion, every drug has its own side effects. As the healthcare provider, it is a need to ensure drugs that were given to the patients are at the very minimum risk of having the side effects. Based on the findings of this study, it could be said that both drugs have lower percentage of people experienced the side effect after treated with the drugs. Therefore, the future study should be more focusing on the side effect of the drugs used. In terms of cost spent for the methods, the PCA regimen is more likely expensive compared to the conventional methods. However, based on survey among the patients, PCA-treated patients expressed higher satisfaction compared to the conventional regimen of pain management.