This experiment was performed the effect of the glycoconjugates of the skin in the Sprague-Dawley male rats exposed to SO2 for 1, 3 and 6 hours with various concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm). To investigate the change of glycoconjugates of skin, seven biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, sWGA, UEA-1, Con A) were applied with ABC method. The epidermis of experiment rats was more or less different according to the concentration of SO2, comparing control group, and beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha-L-fucose, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose of the epidermis tend to be increased according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-D-galactose was tend to be decreased. Galactose-beta-1, 3-Nacetyl- D-galactosamine was tend to more or less increase in horny layer of the epidermis, but decrease in granular and spinous layers. As contrasted control group, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the dermis of experiment rats was decreased, but alpha- D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased. In the hair follicle of the experiment rats, beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine tend to be decreased according to exposed SO2 time though more or less differ from the portions of the hair follicle, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and alpha-L-fucose were found noticeably to increase comaring control group. According to exposed SO2 time, the decrease of alpha-D-galactose tend to be little more pronounced in the outer root sheath of the upper portion of hair follicle. In contrast, the same sheath of the upper portion in above follicle was increased relatively. alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased in the root sheath of hair follicle and hair cortex, but decreased in the hair medulla. In the experiment rats, the beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine tend to be decreased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but the decrease of galactose-beta-1, 3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine were showed significantly as contrasted control group. beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose were increased gradually according to exposed SO2 time, but alpha-L-fucose was increased remarkably. The effect on lectin binding pattern of the glycoconjugates in the rat skin according to the concentrations and exposed time of SO2 was noted that the alternations of lectin binding pattern tend to be a little more pronounced in low concentration of exposed SO2 for a long time than in high concentration of exposed SO2 for a short time. The alternations of lectin binding pattern were appeared almost similar in concentrations of 50 ppm SO2 and above.
Animals ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Glycoconjugates* ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Lectins ; Male ; Mannose ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin* ; Sulfur Dioxide* ; Sulfur*

Objectives: In this study, the clinical characteristics of OSA patients and the quality of life before and after CPAP use were compared to determine the degree of improvement in quality of life according to CPAP use. Methods: Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Modified Mallampatti Score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were compared between men and women through medical records. To understand the degree of improvement in quality of life resulting from use of CPAP, a personal telephone call was made to compare the VAS scores for quality of life before and after CPAP use. Results: In height (HT) (Z = -4.525, p< 0.001), weight (BW) (Z = -2.844, p < 0.05), sleep quality (PSQI) (Z = -2.671, p < 0.05), and arousal index (AI) (Z = -2.105, p < 0.05), there was a difference between men and women (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the remaining variables. Cross-analysis (Chi-square test) confirmed a difference between severity and sex of OSA. It has been found that there is no statistically significant order in size according to level-specific severity of OSA for PreCPAP QOL, PostCPAP QOL, CPAPUse Months, and CPAP4Hr/d (%) (p > 0.05). The difference between AHI before and after CPAP was 36.48 ± 21.54 (t = 11.609, p < 0.001) and the difference between QOL before and after CPAP was –25.43 ± 22.06 (t = -7.901,p < 0.001), both of which were significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion Among OSA patients, there were differences in height (HT), weight (BW), sleep quality (PSQI), arousal index (AI), and severity of OSA between men and women, but the quality of life before and after CPAP was different. However, there was no difference between men and women in quality of life before and after CPAP. In addition, quality of life in OSA patients improved after using CPAP

Objectives: In this study, the clinical characteristics of OSA patients and the quality of life before and after CPAP use were compared to determine the degree of improvement in quality of life according to CPAP use. Methods: Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Modified Mallampatti Score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were compared between men and women through medical records. To understand the degree of improvement in quality of life resulting from use of CPAP, a personal telephone call was made to compare the VAS scores for quality of life before and after CPAP use. Results: In height (HT) (Z = -4.525, p< 0.001), weight (BW) (Z = -2.844, p < 0.05), sleep quality (PSQI) (Z = -2.671, p < 0.05), and arousal index (AI) (Z = -2.105, p < 0.05), there was a difference between men and women (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the remaining variables. Cross-analysis (Chi-square test) confirmed a difference between severity and sex of OSA. It has been found that there is no statistically significant order in size according to level-specific severity of OSA for PreCPAP QOL, PostCPAP QOL, CPAPUse Months, and CPAP4Hr/d (%) (p > 0.05). The difference between AHI before and after CPAP was 36.48 ± 21.54 (t = 11.609, p < 0.001) and the difference between QOL before and after CPAP was –25.43 ± 22.06 (t = -7.901,p < 0.001), both of which were significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion Among OSA patients, there were differences in height (HT), weight (BW), sleep quality (PSQI), arousal index (AI), and severity of OSA between men and women, but the quality of life before and after CPAP was different. However, there was no difference between men and women in quality of life before and after CPAP. In addition, quality of life in OSA patients improved after using CPAP