No abstract available.
Bone Marrow*

We collected and analyzed large-scale data concerning the fall of stroke inpatients in convalescent rehabilitation wards. Three hundred seventy-four of 1,107 inpatients experienced one fall or more, and 16 factors associated with falls were clarified by the chi-square test. To extract the significant item from a multifactor, the logistic regression analysis of 16 factors was carried out, and we developed an assessment sheet for the risk degree of first fall prediction in stroke inpatients. We selected eight variables as the items on the assessment sheet : history of previous falls, central paralysis, visual impairment, sensory disturbance, urinary incontinence, use of psychotropic medicines, mode of locomotion, and cognitive impairment. The total score of the assessment sheet was ranged from 0 to 10 and the mean score of fallers (6.4±1.5) among subjects was significantly higher than that of non-fallers (5.1±1.9) (p <0.001). When the subjects were classified into three groups, a significant difference (p<0.001) in the tendency of fall incidence in term of days after admission was found among the three groups on the basis of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve.

OBJECTIVE: Accumulated evidence collected via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been reported with regard to mental disorders. A previous finding revealed that emotional words evoke left frontal cortex activity in patients with depression. The primary aim of the current study was to replicate this finding using an independent dataset and evaluate the brain region associated with the severity of depression using an emotional Stroop task. METHODS: Oxygenized and deoxygenized hemoglobin recording in the brain by fNIRS on 14 MDD patients and 20 normal controls. RESULTS: Hyperactivated oxygenized hemoglobin was observed in the left frontal cortex on exposure to unfavorable stimuli, but no significant difference was found among patients with depression compared with healthy controls on exposure to favorable stimuli. This result is consistent with previous findings. Moreover, an evoked wave associated with the left upper frontal cortex on favorable stimuli was inversely correlated with the severity of depression. CONCLUSION: Our current work using fNIRS provides a potential clue regarding the location of depression symptom severity in the left upper frontal cortex. Future studies should verify our findings and expand them into a precise etiology of depression.
Brain ; Dataset ; Depression ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Oxygen ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

No previous reports have described a case in which deep brain stimulation elicited an acute mood swing from a depressive to manic state simply by switching one side of the bilateral deep brain stimulation electrode on and off. The patient was a 68-year-old woman with a 10-year history of Parkinson's disease. She underwent bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation surgery. After undergoing surgery, the patient exhibited hyperthymia. She was scheduled for admission. On the first day of admission, it was clear that resting tremors in the right limbs had relapsed and her hyperthymia had reverted to depression. It was discovered that the left-side electrode of the deep brain stimulation device was found to be accidentally turned off. As soon as the electrode was turned on, motor impairment improved and her mood switched from depression to mania. The authors speculate that the lateral balance of stimulation plays an important role in mood regulation. The current report provides an intriguing insight into possible mechanisms of mood swing in mood disorders.
Aged ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Deep Brain Stimulation* ; Depression ; Electrodes* ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Mood Disorders ; Parkinson Disease* ; Subthalamic Nucleus* ; Tremor

Since late 2013 through March 2014, Japan experienced a rapid rise in measles cases. Here, we briefly report on the ongoing situation and share preliminarily findings, concerns and challenges and the public health actions needed over the coming months and years.

Measles is a notifiable disease in Japan based on nationwide case-based surveillance legally requiring physicians to report all clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed cases within seven days, but preferably within 24 hours. After a large outbreak in 2007–2008 (more than 11 000 cases reported in 2008 alone) and a goal of elimination by April 2015, a catch-up programme using the bivalent measles-rubella (MR) vaccine was offered for grades seven and 12 (ages 12–13 and 17–18 years) from April 2008 through March 2013. During this period, there was an estimated 97% decline in measles notifications, and the cumulative number of reported cases has been steadily declining over the last five years (732 cases in 2009, 447 cases in 2010, 439 cases in 2011, 293 cases in 2012 and 232 cases in 2013). However, since late 2013 through March 2014, the country experienced a resurgence only a year after a large rubella outbreak.

Background: Cell blocks (CBs) from pleural fluid are frequently used in the practice of respiratory medicine, but there have been few reports on the use of CBs from forceps and brush washing fluid in bronchoscopy for pathological diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed the usefulness of CBs from forceps and brush washing fluid. 　Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent bronchoscopy and had CBs made from forceps and brush washing fluid in bronchoscopy at our institution between June 2016 and May 2021 were included. Cases in which additional information was obtained from CBs were reviewed in detail. 　Results: In total, 138 patients had CBs made from forceps and brush washing fluid in bronchoscopy during the study period. EBUS-GS (endobronchial ultrasound-guide sheath) was used for 102 of these patients. The final diagnosis was lung cancer in 114 cases, infection disease in 10 cases, metastatic lung tumor in 8 cases, lymphoproliferative disease in 2 cases, sarcoidosis in 1 case, and organizing pneumonia in 1 case. There were 13 cases with additional information obtained from CBs, all of which were cases of malignant tumors. 　Conclusions: CBs from forceps and brush washing fluid in bronchoscopy were useful for pathological diagnosis in some cases.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is useful for diagnosing mediastinal lymph node lesions. Cell blocks prepared from the needle washing fluid and flow cytometry of tissue samples are helpful in making the diagnosis, but the combination of both examinations is not routinely performed. A 77-year-old woman with fever, dyspnea, and anorexia was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes with calcification and left ureteral calculus; however, no focus of infection was identified. We suspected lymph node tuberculosis or malignant lymphoma, and EBUS-TBNA was performed to evaluate the mediastinal lymph node lesions. Because a cell block prepared from the needle rinse fluid was suspicious for malignant lymphoma, we changed the puncture needle from 22 G to 19 G and performed a second EBUS-TBNA. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was diagnosed based on the results of flow cytometry of the EBUS-TBNA samples. Here we report this case of DLBCL in which mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis was suspected and cell block preparation and flow cytometry using EBUS-TBNA specimens were useful for the diagnosis.