Objective To understand the vitamin D status and its possible ethnic differences among Uygur and Han women of childbearing age in a community of Urumqi.Methods Based on the data of 2 080 patients with thyroid disease in a community of Urumqi,which were collected in May 2013,we selected the complete information of 652 Uygur and Han women of childbearing age (between 18-45 years),which included 367 Uygur women [average age (35.14± 6.91) years] and 285 Han women [average age (35.52± 7.10) years].The basic data of height,weight,and waist circumference were recorded.The serum level of 25-hydroxyl vitamin D [25(OH) D] was detected by chemiluminescence method.Results The serum 25(OH) D levels of Uygur and Han were (11.51±6.31) μg/L and (16.43±6.43) μg/L,respectively.The 25(OH)D level in Uygur women was significantly lower than that of Han women (t =-9.800,P＜0.001).The constituent ratio of vitamin D status was significantly different between Uygur and Han women (vitamin D severe deficiency:47.4％ in Uygur women and 12.3％ in Han women),deficiency (44.7％ in Uygur women and 64.6％ in Han women),insufficiency 5.7％ in Uygur women and 17.9％ in Han women),sufficiency (2.2％ in Uygur women and 5.2％ in Han women) (x2 =99.486,P＜0.001).Conclusion Serum 25 (OH) D deficiency is common in Uygur and Han women of childbearing age in Urumqi,especially among Uygur women.

Objective To investigate the status of increased blood parathyroid hormone(PTH)level among community residents in Urumqi,and to analyze its correlation with the metabolic parameters including serum Ca and P levels. Methods In May 2013,a cross-sectional survey was conducted,when 1 473 permanent residents in Urumqi, including 844 Han and 629 Uyghurs,were selected by cluster random sampling. PTH and 25-OH vitamin D[25(OH)D] levels were detected by chemiluminescence. Blood Ca, P, Mg, albumin, and creatinine (Cr) were also measured. Based on serum 25(OH)D level,the residents were divided into vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/ml), vitamin D insufficiency(≥20 and<30 ng/ml),and vitamin D sufficiency(≥30 ng/ml)groups. According to the PTH level,the residents were divided into PTH<65 pg/ml group and PTH≥65 pg/ml group. The metabolic parameters including Ca and P were compared among different ethnic groups. Results In the surveyed population,the rate of increased blood PTH was 12.22%,being higher in females than that in males(13.82% vs 8.45%,P=0.004)and higher in Han Chinese than that in Uyghurs(19.87% vs 6.52%,P<0.01). The proportions of residents with vitamin D sufficiency,insufficiency and deficiency were 3.34%,9.06%,and 87.60% in Uyghurs,and 10.43%,29.98%, and 59.60% in Han,respectively. The rate of 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly higher in Uyghurs than that in Han(P<0.01),especially higher in female Uyghurs(91.43%). In vitamin D deficiency group,the rate of increased serum PTH was significantly increased,higher in Uyghurs than that in Hans(22.14% vs 6.56%,P<0.01),which revealed a negative correlation with 25(OH)D(r=-0.251, P< 0.01). Conclusion 25(OH)D deficiency is prevalent among the community population in Urumqi, with ethnic differences in serum PTH level and the rate of increased blood PTH,which might be associated with vitamin D deficiency.

Objective:Based on the previous epidemiological investigation of hyperparathyroxinemia in Urumqi community, a follow-up study was conducted to understand the changes of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and clinical characteristics of residents with PTH.Methods:In the previous study (2013), an epidemiological cross-sectional study of hyperparathyroxinemia was conducted on 1 473 residents of the resident community, and 180 people with hyperparathyroxinemia were found. The serum PTH, parathyroid related laboratory indexes and vitamin D were observed in high PTH population of different genders.Results:According to the inclusion criteria, 159 patients with high PTH were included in the study. The total follow-up rate was 88.3% (159/180), including 24 males (15.09%) and 135 females (84.91%). The serum PTH level in the follow-up population was 68.60 (47.85-98.80)pg/ml, which was significantly different from that in the first visit ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in serum PTH levels between men and women ( P>0.05). The levels of serum 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, albumin and alkaline phosphatase in the follow-up population had no significant changes compared with the first visit population (all P>0.05); After stratified by sex, the serum creatinine level of men with high PTH was significantly higher than that of women ( P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in other PTH related laboratory indexes ( P>0.05); Although the vitamin D level was still deficient (<20 ng/ml), the proportion of people with sufficient vitamin D was significantly higher than that at the first visit. Conclusions:25(OH) D deficiency was still common in the follow-up population, but the vitamin D level of the residents with PTH was significantly improved and the serum PTH level was significantly lower than that in the first visit.

Objective: To study the effects of a standardized diagnosis and treatment program for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, in a community in Urumqi. Methods: In March 2016, 1 000 patients with type 2 diabetes at the Urumqi Xinhua Road community health service center and affiliated communities were selected to participate in a questionnaire survey and in a promotion for a 12-month standardized treatment. T-test and χ² test were used to compare the blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids, ratio of urine microalbumin and creatinine (urine A/C) and other metabolic indices in patients before and after the promotion. Results: In a total of 112 finalists, after a 4-month follow-up, rates of regular exercise, diet control, taking medication on time and regular blood glucose monitoring all improved significantly from 35.7%, 40.2%, 13.7%, 29.5% to 56.3%, 68.8%, 56.3%, 45.5%, respectively (χ²=9.508, 8.643, 45.319, 6.171; P < 0.05). The rates of smoking and drinking were lower after the promotion (χ²=4.291, 4.56; P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), creatinine, and urine A/C decreased significantly, while there was no significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure. The percentage of participants with normal blood sugar, lipids and blood pressure, significantly improved from 38.4%, 37.5%, 23.6%, 8.9% to 63.4%, 66.4%, 43.7%, 23.2%, respectively. The rate of urine A/C positivity decreased from 40.2% to 26.8% (χ²=14.004, 18.309, 10.604, 8.473, 4.510, P < 0.05). Conclusion Standardized type 2 diabetes treatment programs can improve the blood levels of glucose and lipids, as well as lower blood pressure and the positive rate of urine A/C. It can help reduce the multiple risk factors and long-term complications by improving the self-management of diabetes.