Autonomic functions were evaluated in 64 long-lerm maintenance hemodialysis patients,11 cases before and after transplantation and 15 controls.The results showed that adequate dialysis could stop the development of autonomic dysfunction (AD) in uremic patients,but the effect in improving AD was limited and not related to the duration of hemodialysis.Renal transplantation could reverse AD and result in complete normalization of autonomic function.