ObjectiveTo explore the effect and safety of intravenous sodium valproate in treatment of pediatric patients with status epilepticus (SE).MethodsTwenty-five children suffering from convulsive SE were treated with intravenous sodium valproate after failure of the conventional treatment, in a dose of tolerability 15 mg/kg and 1～2 mg/kg daily.ResultsIn 25 cases, there were 23 cases (92%) with ≥50% seizure reduction and 11 cases (44%) with complete cessation. Except for winking in 7 cases (28%), no other adverse effects had been found.ConclusionIntravenous sodium valproate is effective and safe on pediatric patients with SE who are resistant to conventional drugs.

AlM: To observe retinal hemodynamic influence of compound xueshuantong capsule on nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR) after laser photocoagulation.METHODS:A total of 41 patients (72 eyes) with NPDR after laser photocoagulation were enrolled in this study. They were all given compound xueshuantong capsule, and used color Doppler flow imaging for detection of retinal hemodynamics.
RESULTS: After treatment, patients with retinal blood perfusion significantly improved; central retinal arterial peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) , end - diastolic velocity (EDV) and medial velocity (Vm) were increased, while the resistance index ( Rl) decreased. The difference have statistical significance (P<0. 05). The visual acuity of 61 eyes improved, efficiency was 85%. Visual acuity was related with PSV, Vm and Rl.
CONCLUSlON: Compound xueshuantong capsule can improve retinal blood perfusion for nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy after laser photocoagulation, which is related to improvement of visual prognosis.

[Objective] To describe a case of a rare,novel mutation causing recurrent chorioamniotic membrane separation in a Chinese family with combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing.[Methods] For the affected fetus,potential mutation were detected by the conbinedcombined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing.And the prenatal diagnosis were identified by Sanger sequencing.[Results] A frameshifting mutation c.1389_1390delAG (inherited from mother),and a missense mutationc.1006 G ＞ C (inherited from mother) have been identified in the affected fetus (the second pregnancy).The prenatal diagnosis of the third fetus turns out to be a carrier,the mutation was inherited from father.[Conclusions] We describe a novel mutation in gene ZMPSTE24,which was considered with mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B,and that may be the cousecoursecausing of recurrent chorioamniotic membrane separation.This rare mutation constitutes an additional heterogeneous defect causing chorioamniotic membrane separation.And the conbinedcombined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing allows high resolution characterization of novel mutions that are not readily detected by present methods.

Objective To study the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)on production of pulmonary surfactants.Method Fetal rat lungs were obtained at 19-day gestation.Primary culture of typeⅡalveolar epithelial cells(AECⅡ)was performed using IgG panning technique.The rats was divided into groups: VEGF,Dexamethasone,VEGF plus Dexamethasone and a control.Total phospholipids,phosphatidylcholine (PC),phosphatidyl glycerol(PG)and sphingornyelin(SM)were determined.Results expressed as mean?SEM. Comparison between groups were made with LSD-t test and one -way ANOVA.Result VEGF,Dexamethasone and VEGF plus Dexamethasone groups showed increased amount of total phospholipids and its compositions on the first day of culture.Conclusions VEGF-165 promotes the production and secretion of pulmonary surfactant. VEGF and Dexamethason may go through different mechanism for enhancement of synthesis of pulmonary surfactant,thereby improve biological function of AECⅡ.

Objective To study the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) on development of alveolar epithelial cell Ⅱ (AECⅡ) and expression of pulmonary surfactant protein B(SP-B) in premature rats.Methods Wistar rats at 19 days gestation were paunched to get embryo and primary AECⅡculture.The rats were divided into 4 groups ,VEGF-165 group,Dexamethasone group,VEGF and Dexamethason group,control group. AECⅡ and SP-B expression were measured by immunology histochemistry.Results SP-B had positive expression in VEGF group, Dexamethason group, VEGF and Dexamethason group. SP-B had negative expression in control group.Conclusion VEGF-165 can increase SP-B positive expression and secret of AECⅡ.VEGF promotes lung maturity.

To investigate the relaxation effect and underlying mechanism of U50,488H (a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist) on aorta in the rat, isolated aortic ring was perfused and the tension of the vessel was measured. It was shown: (1) kappa-opioid receptor stimulation with U50,488H relaxed rat aorta dose-dependently; (2) the relaxation effect of U50,488H on aorta was partially endothelium-dependent; (3) the relaxation effect of U50,488H was significantly attenuated in the presence of glybenclamide and glipizide, two ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)) blockers; and (4) the relaxation effect of U50,488H on vessel bore no relationship to muscarinic-receptor, beta-adrenoceptor, prostaglandin and nitric oxide (NO). These results indicate that kappa-opioid receptor stimulation with U50,488H relaxes the aortic artery at least partially via K(ATP) channel in the rat.
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; KATP Channels ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; agonists ; physiology ; Vasodilation ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible association between the SNP in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of the human beta defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene and the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Chinese Han population.

METHODSIn this case-control study, venous blood was collected from 102 patients with PTB and 148 healthful persons. Genomic DNA was extracted using whole blood DNA extraction kit. The -52A/G, -44C/G and -20A/G SNP were genotyped by PCR-directed sequencing. The genotypes and allele frequency were analyzed using the χ(2) test. The linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were analyzed by SHEsis software.

RESULTSA total of 102 patients with PTB (69 males and 33 females, (53.42 ± 20.22) years old) and 148 healthy control cases (95 males and 53 females, (50.67 ± 14.53) years old) were enrolled, with no difference in gender and age (all P values > 0.05). DEFB1 -44 CC genotype was significantly more frequently found in PTB patients than in control group (81.4% (83/102) vs 66.9% (99/148), χ(2) = 5.114, P < 0.05, OR = 2.096, 95%CI: 1.095 - 4.011), so was -44C allele (89.2% (182/204) vs 80.4% (238/296), χ(2) = 6.975, P < 0.05, OR = 1.576, 95%CI: 1.086 - 2.286). No difference in -52 A/G and -20 A/G SNP was observed between the two groups. The proportion of the GGG (-52/-44/-20) haplotype was lower in PTB patients than in the control group (0.030 vs 0.081, χ(2) = 5.629, P < 0.05, OR = 0.348, 95%CI: 0.140 - 0.863). No linkage disequilibrium was found among the SNP of the three sites (D' values were 0.132, 0.064, 0.088; r(2) values were 0.003, 0.002, 0.003; all P values > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the SNP of DEFB1 5' UTR is associated with susceptibility to PTB in Chinese Han population. -44 C→G SNP and the related haplotype (GGG) might play a protective role in the pathogenesis of PTB.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; genetics ; beta-Defensins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictive value of CEA and CA19-9 in tumor progression, prognosis and neoadjuvant chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 322 patients with advanced gastric cancer(54 cases undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy) from the Affiliated Oncologic Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College were reviewed. Serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, while the expression of CEA and CA19-9 protein in 54 pairs of tumor tissues and matched biopsies neoadjuvant chemotherapy were determined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe expression levels of serum CEA and CA19-9 were closely related to tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(all P<0.05). The 5-year cumulative survival rates of patients with serum CEA-positive and CA19-9-positive were 17.0% and 11.9%, compared with 34.6% and 34.8% of the patients with serum CEA-negative and CA19-9-negative respectively (both P<0.05). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could down-regulate CEA and CA19-9 expressions in tumor tissues(P<0.05), while there was no significantly difference in serum level(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expressions of serum CEA and CA19-9 are closely associated with tumor progression and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer. However, further study should be done to evaluate their value in selecting patients to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

CA-19-9 Antigen ; blood ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of epilepsy on sleep in children.

METHODSWhole night polysomnography was performed in 48 epileptic children and 12 healthy controls. The 48 epileptic children were divided into focal seizure and generalized seizure groups and into waking seizure and sleeping seizure groups according to the time of occurrence of the seizures. Various parameters of sleep structure were analyzed.

RESULTSThe sleep efficiency of epileptic children was significantly lower than that of the healthy controls (85.4 +/- 8.6% vs 90.9 +/- 5.8%; P < 0.05). The total recording time (TRT) of sleep was significantly longer and the sleep efficiency was significantly lower in the focal seizure group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The percentage of stage 1 non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (S1 sleep) increased and the percentage of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep decreased in the generalized seizure group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The percentage of S1 sleep increased and both the percentage of REM sleep and the sleep efficiency decreased in the sleeping seizure group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the parameters of sleep structure between the waking seizure and the control group. Among the sleeping seizure group, the children with generalized seizure showed significantly lower REM sleep percentage and sleep efficiency, and those with focal seizure had significantly longer TRT and higher S1 sleep percentage as compared with the controls.

CONCLUSIONSEpilepsy affects sleep structure of patients, and different types of seizure have different influences on sleep structure. Children with generalized seizure have prolonged light sleep and shortened REM sleep. When generalized seizures occur during waking, the increase of light sleep is more pronounced. While generalized seizures occur during sleeping, REM sleep reduction is more prominent. Children with focal seizures have decreased sleep efficiency. When focal seizures occur during waking, the sleep structure of patients is normal. However, when seizures occur during sleeping light sleep increases and sleep efficiency decreases.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Stages ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze epidemiological characteristics of burn inpatients in Hainan province over 8 years.

METHODSSix thousand and ninety-nine burn patients admitted to 6 hospitals of Hainan province from January 2002 to December 2009 were enrolled in the study. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively, including age, gender, injury cause, wound position, burn area, ailment prior to admission, admission time, medical insurance, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate, relationship among inpatient distribution, admission time, and ambient temperature at the time of admission. Data were processed with SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSThere were more burn male patients than female, with ratio of 2.1: 1.0. Most patients were younger than 13 years (57.2%, 3488/6099). The most common burn area was smaller than or equal to 10% TBSA (67.4%, 4108/6099), and the fewest patients had burn areas of over 50% TBSA (2.0%, 121/6099). The main causative agents were hot liquid and flame, accounting for 71.5% (4358/6099), 17.9% (1092/6099), respectively. Most patients had injuries of more than two body areas (60.7%, 3705/6099), and lower extremity injury (17.1%, 1042/6099) was predominant in wound of single body area. Among 703 cases who had other ailments prior to admission (11.5%), the highest rate of prior ailments was found in patients older than 60 years (18.5%, 48/260), it was lowest in children younger than 1 year (8.0%, 32/398). The length of hospital stay was 1 to 375 day, and the admission time was 10 minutes to 90 days after burn. Total mortality rate was 0.4% (26 cases). The number of inpatients aged from 19 to 59 was obviously higher in months with high ambient temperature (from June to August), and for inpatients younger than 13 years the incidence of burn injury showed no obvious seasonal change. The inpatients who had medical insurance accounted for 10.9% (66/603) to 19.5% (121/619) from 2002 to 2005, which increased to 46.0% (372/808) in 2007 and 79.1% (869/1098) in 2009.

CONCLUSIONSFor burn inpatients in Hainan province, the main injury cause of burn injury is hot liquid, the number of burn adults aged from 19 to 59 seems to increase in months with high ambient temperature, while the incidence of burn in children showed no obvious seasonal change. The number of inpatients and those with medical insurance showed a tendency of increase from 2005 to 2009 in Hainan province.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Burns ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult