OBJECTIVES: Elderly individuals with diabetes should maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) to help control their blood glucose levels. This study investigated barriers to physical activity (PA), self-efficacy to overcome those barriers, and PA self-efficacy among elderly individuals with diabetes in relation to BMI. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 56 participants. Data were collected by a questionnaire interview and direct measurements for anthropometric data. PA self-efficacy was measured using 8 questions describing different levels of PA, where participants rated the strength of their belief that they could engage in that activity. Self-efficacy to overcome barriers was measured using 10 questions capturing participants' confidence in their ability to engage in PA despite different possible barriers. Mean scores for these parameters were analyzed using the chi-square test and the independent t-test. RESULTS: In total, 89.3% of participants had a low PA level and 58.9% had more than 3 hours of sedentary activity per day. Furthermore, 55.4% were obese and 14.3% were overweight. The mean scores for PA self-efficacy and self-efficacy to overcome barriers were 59.1±26.4 and 52.5±13.8, respectively. PA level was related to BMI (p<0.001; r=0.116) and sedentary activity (p<0.05; r=0.274). PA self-efficacy and age were not related to BMI. Barriers to PA were associated with PA levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical inactivity was a major problem in elderly individuals with diabetes, and was correlated with higher BMI. Lower levels of PA might be mediated by sedentary activity.

OBJECTIVES: Elderly individuals with diabetes should maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) to help control their blood glucose levels. This study investigated barriers to physical activity (PA), self-efficacy to overcome those barriers, and PA self-efficacy among elderly individuals with diabetes in relation to BMI. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 56 participants. Data were collected by a questionnaire interview and direct measurements for anthropometric data. PA self-efficacy was measured using 8 questions describing different levels of PA, where participants rated the strength of their belief that they could engage in that activity. Self-efficacy to overcome barriers was measured using 10 questions capturing participants' confidence in their ability to engage in PA despite different possible barriers. Mean scores for these parameters were analyzed using the chi-square test and the independent t-test. RESULTS: In total, 89.3% of participants had a low PA level and 58.9% had more than 3 hours of sedentary activity per day. Furthermore, 55.4% were obese and 14.3% were overweight. The mean scores for PA self-efficacy and self-efficacy to overcome barriers were 59.1±26.4 and 52.5±13.8, respectively. PA level was related to BMI (p<0.001; r=0.116) and sedentary activity (p<0.05; r=0.274). PA self-efficacy and age were not related to BMI. Barriers to PA were associated with PA levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity was a major problem in elderly individuals with diabetes, and was correlated with higher BMI. Lower levels of PA might be mediated by sedentary activity.
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Motor Activity ; Overweight

Introduction: Catfish oil contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acid contributes to maintain the lipid profile. Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 is a novel indigenous probiotic of dadih origin. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of probiotic and catfish (Clarias gariepinus) based functional feed on lipid profile of aged female Cynomolgus monkey/CM (Macaca fascicularis) fed with atherogenic diet. Methods: Nine CMs were randomly devided into 3 groups, in single blind intervention study for 90 days , namely: A1= atherogenic diet as control positive, A2= probiotic, A3= probiotic + catfish oil after 45 days adaptation period. The average of CM’s bodyweight was in a range of 3 to 4 kg. The main ingredients of atherogenic diet were catfish flour, egg, sugar, egg yolk flour, and condiments. Serum lipid profile was assessed monthly by Cholesterol Oxidase-Peroxidase Aminoantipyrine (CHOP-POD) methods for cholesterol, LDL and HDL, while Glycerol-3-Phosphate Oxidase Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase (GPO-PAP) method for Triglyceride. Results: Atherogenic diet did not significantly affect appetite and bodyweight of the animals (p=0,12). The atherogenic diet significantly increased cholesterol and LDL level of animals (p=0.03 and p = 0.04) after 90 days administration . The CMs fed with probiotic E. faecium IS-27526 and catfish oil showed significant higher serum cholesterol (p=0,03) and LDL levels (p=0,04) compared to atherogenic diet alone and atherogic diet with probiotic E. faecium IS-27526. Probiotic E. faecium IS-27526 at 108 cfu/day stabilized the cholesterol and LDL level after 90 days administration compared with other groups of intervention. The TG and HDL of each group showed within normal range during the whole intervention study. Conclusion: Atherogenic feed significantly increased cholesterol and LDL level of CMs. Probiotic E. faecium IS-27526 showed a potential beneficial effect in maintaining lipid profile and could prevent dyslipidemia.