1.Capability of acidic electrolyzed water in the elimination of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli in the chicken breast
Mahmoud Ammar Mohamed Ammar ; Mohamed Hamdy Mohamed
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2022;18(3):282-290
Aims:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) as pre-refrigeration and pre-freezing processing steps for chicken meat in regard to the behavior of S. Typhimurium and E. coli during storage.
Methodology and results:
AEW (free available chlorine 30 ppm and pH 2.7) was tested against S. Typhimurium and E. coli in growth media (brain heart infusion broth) and by exposing inoculated chicken fillets. The in vitro study appointed 10 minutes as the straightening exposure time of fresh prepared AEW for S. Typhimurium and E. coli. The reduction effect of AEW was significant (p<0.05) for both S. Typhimurium and E. coli along the 8 days of refrigerated storage with a maximum reduction after 24 h of post-treatment reaching 23.3% (1.4 log CFU/g) and 32.43% (2.15 log CFU/g) for S. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. AEW resulted in a significant reduction (p<0.05) as a pre-freezing application for both microorganisms, where the maximum reductions of 20% (1.2 log CFU/g) and 31.84% (2.14 log CFU/g) for S. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively, were reported at zero time (just after dipping). In exposed samples to AEW, S. Typhimurium could not be detected by the 6th week of frozen storage while E. coli continued detectable until till 10th week but with a reduced population of 30% compared to control.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
The findings of the present study suggest the application of AEW as a pre-refrigeration and pre-freezing treatment for chicken products. AEW application significantly improved the safety of chicken products.
Electrolytes
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Chickens--microbiology
;
Salmonella typhimurium
;
Escherichia coli
2.Antibiofilm activity of carvacrol loaded chitosan nanoparticles against Listeria monocytogenes
Mahmoud Ammar Mohamed Ammar ; Ahmad Abo Markeb ; Ahmed Mohamed Abuzeid ; Ashraf Mohamed Abd El-Malek ; Talaat Sayed Aly El-khateib
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2022;18(2):204-214
Aims:
This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the synthesised carvacrol loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CLCNPs) on the growing and pre-formed biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from slaughterhouses.
Methodology and results:
The swab samples were collected from knives, hocks and cutting tables representing slaughterhouses meat contact surfaces (MCS), while those samples from walls and floors represent slaughterhouses meat non-contact surfaces (MNCS). The bacteriological analysis revealed the existence of L. monocytogenes with a prevalence rate of 3.3, 10 and 6.7% for knives, hocks and cutting tables, respectively and 2.2 and 6.6% for walls and floors, respectively. The isolates L. monocytogenes were assayed for biofilm production by the crystal violet binding assay method. Among the 10 L. monocytogenes isolates, 10%, 50% and 30% of the isolates were found to be strong, moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. The activities of carvacrol, chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) and CLCNPs against the only strong biofilm producer strain of L. monocytogenes were tested by microtiter plate assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values were 3.75 mg/mL for CAR, 5 mg/mL for chitosan NPs and 0.62 mg/mL for CLCNPs. CLCNPs inhibit the produced biofilm by 35.79, 73.37 and 77.76%, when 0.5 MIC, 1 MIC and 2 MIC were used, respectively. Furthermore, the pre-formed L. monocytogenes biofilms were significantly reduced from 1.01 (control) OD570 to 0.40 and 0.29 OD570 by applying 2 MIC and 4 MIC doses, respectively.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
The data generated is promising to develop bio-green disinfectants to inhibit biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes in the food processing environment and control its adverse effects for consumers.
Chitosan--chemistry
;
Listeria monocytogenes
;
Nanoparticles
3.Tissue Clock Beyond Time Clock: Endovascular Thrombectomy for Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Beyond 24 Hours
Ghada A. MOHAMED ; Raul G. NOGUEIRA ; Muhammed Amir ESSIBAYI ; Hassan ABOUL-NOUR ; Mahmoud MOHAMMADEN ; Diogo C. HAUSSEN ; Aldo Mendez RUIZ ; Bradley A. GROSS ; Okkes KUYBU ; Mohamed M. SALEM ; Jan-Karl BURKHARDT ; Brian JANKOWITZ ; James E. SIEGLER ; Pratit PATEL ; Taryn HESTER ; Santiago ORTEGA-GUTIERREZ ; Mudassir FAROOQUI ; Milagros GALECIO-CASTILLO ; Thanh N. NGUYEN ; Mohamad ABDALKADER ; Piers KLEIN ; Jude H. CHARLES ; Vasu SAINI ; Dileep R. YAVAGAL ; Ammar JUMAH ; Ali ALARAJ ; Sophia PENG ; Muhammad HAFEEZ ; Omar TANWEER ; Peter KAN ; Jacopo SCAGGIANTE ; Stavros MATSOUKAS ; Johanna T. FIFI ; Stephan A. MAYER ; Alex B. CHEBL
Journal of Stroke 2023;25(2):282-290
Background:
and Purpose Randomized trials proved the benefits of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for select patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) within 24 hours of last-known-well (LKW). Recent data suggest that LVO patients may benefit from MT beyond 24 hours. This study reports the safety and outcomes of MT beyond 24 hours of LKW compared to standard medical therapy (SMT).
Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of LVO patients presented to 11 comprehensive stroke centers in the United States beyond 24 hours from LKW between January 2015 and December 2021. We assessed 90-day outcomes using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).
Results:
Of 334 patients presented with LVO beyond 24 hours, 64% received MT and 36% received SMT only. Patients who received MT were older (67±15 vs. 64±15 years, P=0.047) and had a higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; 16±7 vs.10±9, P<0.001). Successful recanalization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b-3) was achieved in 83%, and 5.6% had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared to 2.5% in the SMT group (P=0.19). MT was associated with mRS 0–2 at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.73, P=0.026), less mortality (34% vs. 63%, P<0.001), and better discharge NIHSS (P<0.001) compared to SMT in patients with baseline NIHSS ≥6. This treatment benefit remained after matching both groups. Age (aOR 0.94, P<0.001), baseline NIHSS (aOR 0.91, P=0.017), Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECTS) score ≥8 (aOR 3.06, P=0.041), and collaterals scores (aOR 1.41, P=0.027) were associated with 90-day functional independence.
Conclusion
In patients with salvageable brain tissue, MT for LVO beyond 24 hours appears to improve outcomes compared to SMT, especially in patients with severe strokes. Patients’ age, ASPECTS, collaterals, and baseline NIHSS score should be considered before discounting MT merely based on LKW.