OBJECTIVES: Glass ionomer cements (GICs), which are biocompatible and adhesive to the tooth surface, are widely used nowadays for tooth restoration. They inhibit the demineralization and promote the remineralization of the tooth structure adjacent to the restoration, as well as interfere with bacterial growth. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess and compare the antimicrobial activity of three commercially available GICs against two cariogenic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An agar plate diffusion test was used for evaluating the antimicrobial effect of three different GICs (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, and d-tech) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). Thirty plates were prepared and divided into two groups. The first group was inoculated with S. mutans, and the second group was inoculated with L. acidophilus. These plates were then incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. Zones of bacterial growth inhibition that formed around each well were recorded in millimeters (mm). RESULTS: The zones of inhibition for Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, and d-tech on S. mutans were found to be 10.84 ± 0.22 mm, 10.23 ± 0.15 mm, and 15.65 ± 0.31 mm, respectively, whereas those for L. acidophilus were found to be 10.43 ± 0.12 mm, 10.16 ± 0.11 mm, and 15.57 ± 0.13 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: D-tech cement performed better in terms of the zone of bacterial inhibition against the two test bacteria, than the other two tested glass ionomers.
Adhesives ; Agar ; Bacteria* ; Diffusion ; Glass Ionomer Cements* ; Glass* ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; Molar ; Streptococcus mutans ; Tooth

Angiogenesis is a crucial molecular driver of fibrosis in various inflammatory lesions. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory fibrotic disorder with malignant potential. The angiogenetic pathways in OSMF remain obscure due to limited research, necessitating an in-depth review.This review aimed to illuminate the cryptic pathogenetic mechanisms of angiogenesis in the disease progression/fibrosis of OSMF and its malignant transformation, providing insights for improved treatment. Extensive literature searches were conducted across an array of databases until October 2023. Original research articles on angiogenesis in OSMF were included, and the risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale.RevMan ver. 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for data analysis. Thirty-four articles were included for qualitative synthesis and seven for quantitative analysis. Findings revealed that angiogenesis was significantly increased in early-stage OSMF but decreased as the disease advanced. It was also associated with the severity of epithelial dysplasia and malignant transformation. A random-effects model confirmed the upregulation of angiogenesis as a significant risk factor in early-stage fibrosis and malignant transformation. The mounting evidence reinforces that angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression of early-stage fibrosis of OSMF and its malignant transformation, opening avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Angiogenesis is a crucial molecular driver of fibrosis in various inflammatory lesions. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory fibrotic disorder with malignant potential. The angiogenetic pathways in OSMF remain obscure due to limited research, necessitating an in-depth review.This review aimed to illuminate the cryptic pathogenetic mechanisms of angiogenesis in the disease progression/fibrosis of OSMF and its malignant transformation, providing insights for improved treatment. Extensive literature searches were conducted across an array of databases until October 2023. Original research articles on angiogenesis in OSMF were included, and the risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale.RevMan ver. 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for data analysis. Thirty-four articles were included for qualitative synthesis and seven for quantitative analysis. Findings revealed that angiogenesis was significantly increased in early-stage OSMF but decreased as the disease advanced. It was also associated with the severity of epithelial dysplasia and malignant transformation. A random-effects model confirmed the upregulation of angiogenesis as a significant risk factor in early-stage fibrosis and malignant transformation. The mounting evidence reinforces that angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression of early-stage fibrosis of OSMF and its malignant transformation, opening avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Angiogenesis is a crucial molecular driver of fibrosis in various inflammatory lesions. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory fibrotic disorder with malignant potential. The angiogenetic pathways in OSMF remain obscure due to limited research, necessitating an in-depth review.This review aimed to illuminate the cryptic pathogenetic mechanisms of angiogenesis in the disease progression/fibrosis of OSMF and its malignant transformation, providing insights for improved treatment. Extensive literature searches were conducted across an array of databases until October 2023. Original research articles on angiogenesis in OSMF were included, and the risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale.RevMan ver. 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for data analysis. Thirty-four articles were included for qualitative synthesis and seven for quantitative analysis. Findings revealed that angiogenesis was significantly increased in early-stage OSMF but decreased as the disease advanced. It was also associated with the severity of epithelial dysplasia and malignant transformation. A random-effects model confirmed the upregulation of angiogenesis as a significant risk factor in early-stage fibrosis and malignant transformation. The mounting evidence reinforces that angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression of early-stage fibrosis of OSMF and its malignant transformation, opening avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Objectives: To access the knowledge of undergraduate and postgraduate students of the dental college on basic anatomy, physiology, clinical examination, and pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Materials and Methods: A total of 610 undergraduate and postgraduate students of dental college, were included in this study. The questionnaire was pretested for validation and distributed online through Google forms. Results: A pairwise comparison showed that the percentage of correct answers for interns significantly differed from that of IV Bachelor of Dental Surgery (P=0.050) and postgraduate students (P=0.048) (below average: up to 6 correct answers, good: 7-11 correct answers, excellent: 12 or more correct answers). Conclusion TMJ diseases are common in daily life but frequently go undiagnosed and untreated due to a lack of clinical expertise. This demonstrates the necessity of providing instructions that give students in-depth knowledge and abilities for TMJ issues in clinical practice.