No abstract available.
Magnesium Sulfate* ; Magnesium* ; Torsades de Pointes*

Study on 410 pregnant women had babies at Obstetric Department, Sa Dec General Hospital between March and August 2002, who underwent episiotomy or had perineal laceration, followed by swelling, edema, and painful sutures. All participants were divided into 2 groups: group of women had born babies at even dates were treated by 25% magnesium sulfate cold solution, and group of women had born babies at odd dates treated by cold placebo pad. Results: magnesium sulfate solution has endosmotic effect, leads to reduce swelling and edema. Pain relief effects were similar between 2 groups but magnesium sulfate cold solution was likely to have faster improvement in perineal edema and urination. Using cold magnesium sulfate saturated pad for nursing care after episiotomy is simple, easy method and has fast effects.
Episiotomy ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Nursing Care

No abstract available.
Female ; Magnesium Sulfate* ; Magnesium* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of the ritodrine hydrochloride alone with combined treatment with magnesium sulfate in the management of preterm labor. METHODS: One hundred thirty three singleton pregnancies with preterm labor were treated with either ritodrine hydrochloride (n=97) or ritodrine hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate (n=36). The principal outcomes assessed were delay of duration, maternal-fetal side effects, and fetal outcome. RESULTS: The treatment to delivery time was not statistically different between the ritodrine group and the combined magnesium sulfate group (mean+/-SD 10.7+/-13.0 days, 8.6+/-9.1 days, respectively). The proportion delivered after 48 hours, 72 hours, or 7 days was also not statistically different between two groups (29% vs. 22%, 40% vs. 39%, 60% vs. 64%, respectively). No statistical difference was found in the side effects of treatment or fetal outcomes. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in efficacy and safety between ritodrine hydrochloride and combined treatment with magnesium sulfate in the management of preterm labor.
Female ; Magnesium Sulfate* ; Magnesium* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*

BACKGROUND: Perioperative magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used for analgesic, anti-arrhythmic, and obstetric purposes. The effects of MgSO4 on the neuromuscular blockade (NMB) induced by rocuronium, and the sugammadex reversal thereof, have not been clearly quantified. We investigated the effect of various MgSO4 concentrations on the NMB by rocuronium, and sugammadex reversal, in isolated left phrenic nerve hemi-diaphragm (PNHD) preparations from the rat. METHODS: Rat PNHD preparations were randomly allocated to one of four groups varying in terms of MgSO4 concentration (1, 2, 3, and 4 mM, each n = 10, in Krebs solution). The train-of-four (TOF) and twitch height responses were recorded mechanomyographically. The preparations were treated with incrementally increasing doses of rocuronium and each group’s effective concentration (EC)50, EC90, and EC95 of rocuronium were calculated via nonlinear regression. Then, sugammadex was administered in doses equimolar to rocuronium. The recovery index, time to T1 height > 95% of control, and the time to a TOF ratio > 0.9 after sugammadex administration were measured. RESULTS: The EC50, EC90, and EC95 of rocuronium fell significantly as the magnesium level increased. The EC50, EC90, and EC95 of rocuronium did not differ between the 3 and 4 mM groups. The recovery index, time to T1 height > 95% of control, and time to a TOF ratio > 0.9 after sugammadex administration did not differ among the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in the magnesium concentration in rat PNHD preparations proportionally enhanced the NMB induced by rocuronium but did not affect reversal by equimolar amounts of sugammadex.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Magnesium Sulfate* ; Magnesium* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Phrenic Nerve* ; Rats*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the association between total and ionized magnesium, and the changes in serum magnesium and calcium levels in patients with preterm labor during magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration. METHODS: The study population included 64 women who were candidates for intravenous MgSO4 treatment for preterm labor. Serial blood samples were taken and measured total magnesium (T-Mg), ionized magnesium (I-Mg), total calcium (T-Ca), and ionized calcium (I-Ca) levels every one-week interval (1st, 2nd, 3rd). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in T-Mg and I-Mg levels during MgSO4 administration (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in T-Ca and I-Ca levels during MgSO4 administration (P>0.05). Compared before and after administration of MgSO4, T-Mg and I-Mg levels and T-Ca levels were changed allow statistically significant (P < 0.05). But, there was no significant difference in the I-Ca serum levels before and after MgSO4 administration (P=0.495). The I-Mg levels for patients with adverse effect were higher than other group but did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05). There was significant correlation between levels of I-Mg and T-Mg (I-Mg=0.395×T-Mg+0.144, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in serum Mg and Ca levels during MgSO4 administration for preterm labor. Compared to the before and after administration of MgSO4, only I-Ca levels were not substantially changed. There are significant correlations between I-Mg and T-Mg levels during administration of MgSO4 and I-Mg level seemed to have more correlation with adverse effect than T-Mg.
Calcium ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Magnesium ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on the apoptosis and invasion of cytotrophoblasts in vitro under normal and hypoxic condition as assessed immunoblot analyses of Bcl-2/Bax, invasion assay and immunohistochemical staining of integrin alpha1. METHODS: Normal cytotrophoblasts were isolated from second trimester placentas and cultured in several physiologically relevant concentrations of MgSO4 under control tissue culture condition (20% O2) or hypoxic condition (1-2% O2). Apoptosis of cytotrophoblasts was estimated by immunoblotting for Bcl-2/Bax, invasiveness was estimated by invasion assay and immunohistochemical staining of Integrin alpha1. RESULTS: The expression of Bcl-2 did not change under standard condition, but it decreased under hypoxic condition with increasing of MgSO4 concentrations. The expression of Bax did not change under both standard condition and hypoxic condition with increasing MgSO4 concentrations. The invasiveness of cytotrophoblasts significantly decreased under both control and hypoxic conditions with increasing of MgSO4 concentrations. The expression of Integrin alpha1 immumohistochemical staining significantly decreased under control condition and showed decreasing tendency under hypoxic condition with increasing of MgSO4 concentrations. CONCLUSION: MgSO4 might induce cytotrophoblasts to the apoptosis and inhibit invasion of cytotrophoblasts under hypoxic condition.
Apoptosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Integrin alpha1 ; Magnesium Sulfate* ; Magnesium* ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Trophoblasts*

BACKGROUND: Opioid tolerance may involve activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) system. The possible involvement of the NMDA system suggests that one of the NMDA receptor antagonists, magnesium may be a useful adjunct to opioids for the treatment of postoperative pain following remifentanil infusion. METHODS: For this study, 70 patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery under remifentanil-based anesthesia were randomly allocated into groups that received either magnesium sulfate (group M) or saline (group C) intravenously. The patients in the group M received 25% magnesium sulfate at a dose of 50 mg/kg in 100 ml of saline, and those in the group C received an equal volume of saline prior to the induction of anesthesia. In addition, patients in both groups received 10 mg/kg/h infusion of either magnesium sulfate (group M) or an equal volume of saline (group C) until the end of surgery. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale at 30 min, and 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after operation. The time to the first use of postoperative analgesic and cumulative analgesic consumption in both groups were also evaluated. RESULTS: The visual analog scale scores for pain and cumulative analgesic consumption were significantly lower in the group M than in the group C. The time to the first use of postoperative analgesic was significantly shorter in group C than in the group M. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the NMDA-receptor antagonist, magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant analgesic reduced postoperative pain in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under remifentanil-based anesthesia.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; N-Methylaspartate ; Pain, Postoperative ; Piperidines

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of a magnesium sulfate pretreatment on intubating conditions and cardiovascular responses during rapid sequence tracheal intubation (RSI) in this double-blind randomized study. METHODS: Adult patients (n = 154) were randomly allocated to a rocuronium-0.6, rocuronium-0.9, or magnesium group. The magnesium group was pretreated with 50 mg/kg MgSO4, and the other two groups received the same volume of isotonic saline. Anesthesia was induced with alfentanil, propofol, and either 0.6 mg/kg (rocuronium-0.6 and magnesium groups) or 0.9 mg/kg (rocuronium-0.9 group) rocuronium. An anesthesiologist, blinded to the group assignments, performed RSI and assessed the intubating conditions. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before the magnesium sulfate or normal saline was administered, before anesthesia induction, before intubation, and every minute after intubation for 5 min. RESULTS: Airway features were similar among the three groups. The intubating conditions were improved significantly in the magnesium group (P < 0.001) compared with the other two groups. Significant increases in SAP at 1 min after intubation were observed in the rocuronium-0.6 and -0.9 groups when compared with the magnesium group (P < 0.05). HR was comparable among the three groups (P > 0.05). No hypertensive episode occurred during the immediate post-intubation period in the magnesium group (P = 0.001), and tachycardia occurred most frequently in the rocuronium-0.6 group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MgSO4 administered prior to RSI using alfentanil, propofol, and rocuronium may improve intubating conditions and prevent post-intubation hypertension.
Adult ; Alfentanil ; Androstanols ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Propofol ; Tachycardia

The effects of magnesium sulfate treatment on the serum level of blood potassium which was induced by continuous infusion of KCl solution were evaluated in rabbits anesthetized with urethane. Pretreatment group were prepared with intravenously injection of 30 mg/kg of magnesium dissolved in 5 ml normal saline for 10 rninutes. Control group were administered 5 ml normal saline only. After these pretreatments, KCl (3 mEq/kg/hr) was infused continuously until the appearance of lethal arrhythmia in both groups. Venous blood samples were withdrawn without any treatment, immediately after pretreatment, and 50 minutes after the start of KC1 infusion for determination of serum potassium and magnesium level in both groups. In addition, electrocardiograms were monitored continuously throughout the experiment in both groups; The results were as follows: 1) Serum magnesium level were increased significantly in magnesium treated group, but potassium level showed no statistical difference in both groups. However, in magnesium treated group serum potassium level showed less elevation at 50 minutes after infusion of KCl compaired to control group. 2) P wave amplitude, QRS interval and T wave amplitude showed no difference in both groups before and after magnesium pretreatment. However, 30 minutes after continuous infusion of KCl solution, findings of hyperkalemia appeared to be significant in control group but no change in magnesium treated group. Although hyperkalemic findings were developed 50 minutes after KCl infusion in both groups, those in magnesium treated group were observed to a lesser extent. 3) Time span, from start of KCl infusion to the onset of lethal arrhythmia were measured up to 98+/-30.3 minutes in magnesium treated group and 70+/-20.5 minutes in control group. These results suggest that pretreatment with magnesium in hyperkalemic animals retarded the elevation of serum potassium concentration, attenuated the changes of electrocardiographic findings, and delayed the onset time of lethal arrhythmia.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Electrocardiography ; Hyperkalemia* ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Magnesium* ; Potassium ; Rabbits ; Urethane