PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between diabetic macular edema diagnosed with stereoscopic slit-lamp and retinal thickness analyzer (RTA). METHODS: Diabetic macular edema diagnosed with stereoscopic slit-lamp was compared to indices of RTA in 50 eyes of 32 persons which were diagnosed clinically with diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: From stereoscopic slit-lamp results, diabetic macular edema was present in 39 of 50 eyes, and absent in 11 of 50. Foveal average thickness out of the RTA indices was 209.7+/-58.5 micrometer from observing diabetic macular edema clinically and 199.4+/-47.3 micrometer from not observing diabetic macular edema clinically. Statistically significant differences were found in average foveal thickness between the 2 groups (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: RTA appears to serve as a useful and sensitive tool for the diagnosis of diabetic macular edema.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Macular Edema* ; Retinaldehyde*

To evaluate the various factors related to the development of electric cataract in electric burn patients, we reviewed medical charts of 663 electric burn patients who were admitted to the department of General Surgery in Hanil General Hospital between 1981 and 1993. Eleven patients(1.7%) had electric cataract in both eyes. All of them were injured by contact with 22,900 voltage current, and developed third degree burns. Fifty-eight electric burn patients had their electric inputs through their head and eight (13.8%) among them developed cataracts. Only three(0.5%) among 567 electric burn patients who had their electric inputs through upper extremities developed cataracts. The interval between the electric injury and the diagnosis was 2 to 18 months. Anterior subcapsular opacity was the most common type of lenticular opacity. Other associated ocular complications included uveitis, macular edema, macular degeneration, and macular hole.
Burns ; Burns, Electric ; Cataract* ; Diagnosis ; Electric Injuries ; Head ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Macular Edema ; Retinal Perforations ; Upper Extremity ; Uveitis

According to the characteristics of OCT images for macula edema, we studied a method for segmentation of the macula edema. Based on the Chan-Vese model, we proposed an improved level-set algorithm. With defining the integer-valued signed function directly, the curve could evolute outward or inward by changing the inside neighboring rid points and outside neighboring grid points into each other. We realized image segmentation which is much faster than the method of Chan-Vese model and smoothness regularization. We segmented 45 images and extracted the macula edema of each image. After achieving good segmentation results, we estimated the volume of the macular edema. The method provides quantitative analytic tools for clinical diagnosis and therapy.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Macular Edema ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; methods

PURPOSE: To analyse the macular thickness in normal and diabetic patient using OCT mapping protocol. METHODS: OCT using macular thickness map protocol was performed in 46 eyes of 25 healthy volunteers and 121 eyes of 85 diabetic patients with clinical diagnosis of no diabetic retinopathy (25 eyes), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) without clinically significant macular edema (CSME; 35 eyes), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without CSME (27 eyes), and diabetic retinopathy with CSME (34 eyes). RESULTS: The mean +/- standard deviation foveal thickness was 146 +/- 21 micrometer in normal eyes, 147 +/- 20 micrometer in diabetic eyes without retinopathy, 173 +/- 24 micrometer in NPDR without CSME, 174 +/- 27 micrometer in PDR without CSME, and 322 +/- 146 micrometer in diabetic retinopathy with CSME. There was significant difference in foveal and outer temporal retinal thickness between the normal eyes and the diabetic retinopathy without CSME group (p<0.01). Diabetic eyes with CSME had a statistically significant greater thickness in each of the areas compared with the other group and showed perifoveal focal macular edema in 5 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: OCT mapping protocol provide intuitive and objective information on focal diabetic macular edema.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: This research is to evaluate the effectiveness of vitrectomy on early vision recovery compared to that of panretinal photocoagulation for the high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 84 high-risk PDR patients (100 eyes) who had undergone panretinal photocoagulation or vitrectomy under the diagnosis the high-risk PDR and followed up at least 12 months. Authors divided them into two different groups; one with who received PRP, and another with vitrectomy. We investigated both groups' vision change every 3, 6, and 12 months after the treatment. RESULTS: The Vitrectomy group patients showed higher percentage of vision improvement and lower percentage of vision decrease (p< or =0.05) than the PRP group patients in 3rd and 6th month. Macular edema decreased in the Vitrectomy group and increased in the PRP group in the 3rd month. Need for additional surgery due to complication showed 26% in the PRP group, and 12% in the Vitrectomy group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude the vitrectomy is more efficient method than PRP for high-risk PDR patients who are in need of early vision recovery.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of retinal collateral vessels in eyes with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with BRVO who were followed up for 12 months. To compare formations of collateral vessels, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The treatment group included 20 patients (20 eyes) treated with IVB, and the control group included 41 patients (41 eyes) without treatment. RESULTS: In the treatment group, the mean age was 58.4 ± 9.5 years. The average number of IVB injections performed during the 12 months was 4.5 ± 2.5 (range 2 to 8). After 12 months from diagnosis, 13 eyes (65%) presented with collateral vessels. In the control group, the mean age was 60.6 ± 9.3 years and 28 eyes (68.3%) presented with collateral vessel after 12 months. There was no difference in incidence of collateral vessel formation between the treatment group and the control group (p = 0.574). CONCLUSIONS: IVB does not influence the formation of retinal collateralization in eyes treated for macular edema secondary to BRVO.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Edema ; Medical Records ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of retinal collateral vessels in eyes with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB). METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with BRVO who were followed up for 12 months. To compare formations of collateral vessels, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The treatment group included 20 patients (20 eyes) treated with IVB, and the control group included 41 patients (41 eyes) without treatment. RESULTS: In the treatment group, the mean age was 58.4 ± 9.5 years. The average number of IVB injections performed during the 12 months was 4.5 ± 2.5 (range 2 to 8). After 12 months from diagnosis, 13 eyes (65%) presented with collateral vessels. In the control group, the mean age was 60.6 ± 9.3 years and 28 eyes (68.3%) presented with collateral vessel after 12 months. There was no difference in incidence of collateral vessel formation between the treatment group and the control group (p = 0.574). CONCLUSIONS: IVB does not influence the formation of retinal collateralization in eyes treated for macular edema secondary to BRVO.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Edema ; Medical Records ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: Radiation retinopathy is a slowly progressive vaso-occlusive angiopathy of the retina. The history of previous radiation exposure is very essential for the diagnosis. We report one case of radiation retinopathy after the radiation therapy for brain tumor with a good result using photocoagulation and focal laser treatment. METHODS: The chief complaint of 48 aged-female patient was a slowly progressive decrease in left visual acuity. The best corrected visual acuity of right eye was 1.0 and the best corrected visual acuity of left eye was 0.5. We got the diagnosis with a detailed history taking and fluorescein angiography. We did panretinal photocoagulation on both eyes due to non-perfused area, angiogenesis, and we did focal laser treatment on right eye due to macular edema. RESULTS: Compared with previous examination, right eye was stable without any change of fundus examination and the best corrected visual acuity of right eye was 1.0 after panretinal photocoagulation and focal laser treatment, but mild vitreous hemorrahage occurred in left eye after panretinal photocoagulation. Follow-up at 6 months after laser treatment showed that hemorrahage of left eye was absorbed more than before and we did additional photocoagulation on the peripheral retina. Follow-up at 12 months after laser treatment showed that right eye was stable, angiogenesis of left eye was regressed and best corrected visual acuity was 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed history taking and suspicion is important for the diagnosis of radiation retinopathy. It is also essential to suppress the progression of the disease with an early detection through regular examinations.
Brain Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Retina ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To identify the factors related to repeatability of intravitreal bevacizumab injections in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: The present study included 26 patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO occurring within 1 month of diagnosis. Initial best corrected visual acuity, type of BRVO according to the involved vein branch, distance between fovea and occlusion vein, central macular thickness, type of macular edema, presence of macula hemorrhage, and presence of capillary nonperfusion were evaluated at the time of diagnosis. The patients received an intravitreal bevacizumab injection at the time of diagnosis and reinjections when macular edema and visual acuity were aggravated. According to the factors considered, the reinjection-free rate which was considered a survival rate was evaluated for 1 year after the first injection. RESULTS: The patients with initial visual acuity lower than log MAR 0.5 showed 52.6% survival rate within 1 year compared with 14.3% of the patients with visual acuity higher than log MAR 0.5 (p < 0.01). The patients with occluded vein closer than a distance of 2.5 disc diameters (DD) from the foveal center had a 57.1% survival rate and the patients with occluded vein farther than a distance of 2.5 DD from the foveal center had a 25.0% survival rate (p = 0.04). Macular BRVO and major BRVO patients had 64.3% and 16.7% survival rates, respectively (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The patients with BRVO may have less chance of repetitive intravitreal bevacizumab injections due to macular edema when initial visual acuity is lower than log MAR 0.5, occluded vein is closer than 2.5 DD from the foveal center, and macular branch is involved at the initial diagnosis. These factors can be utilized to predict the prognosis of BRVO patients and the probability of repetitive intravitreal bevacizumab injections.
Capillaries ; Diagnosis ; Edema* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Prognosis ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Survival Rate ; Veins ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

BACKGROUNDDiabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. DME shows a variety of clinical characteristics with unpredictable results to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in DME, which is a rapid, noninvasive technique for fundus diseases.

METHODSA total of 18 patients (30 eyes) with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) were enrolled. FAF imaging was performed with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Other ophthalmic examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), MP-1 microperimetry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Main outcome measurements included BCVA, macular sensitivity (MS), central retinal thickness (CRT), central retinal volume (CRV), the integrity of the inner segment-outer segment junction (IS/OS), and the integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM).

RESULTSAmong the 30 eyes, four eyes (13.3%) had normal foveal FAF and 26 eyes (86.7%) had abnormal FAF. Abnormal FAF was mainly divided into three types: cystoid increased FAF (iFAF) 16 eyes (53.3%), spot iFAF six eyes (20%), irregular decreased FAF (dFAF) four eyes (13.3%). According to the FAF morphology, patients were categorized into four groups: normal, cystoid iFAF, spot iFAF, and irregular dFAF. There was a significant difference in BCVA (P < 0.001) and MS (P < 0.05) among the four groups. The visual function of patients with spot iFAF and irregular dFAF was relatively poor. However, there was no difference in CRT (P = 0.186) and CRV (P = 0.191) among the four groups. In the normal FAF group, the photoreceptor layers were mostly intact. Regarding the cystoid iFAF group, the photoreceptor layers were relatively intact, while in the other two groups, IS/OS and ELM were disrupted in most patients. No one had intact IS/OS or ELM layer.

CONCLUSIONSFAF might reflect the damage of the retina and had a relationship with visual function as well as photoreceptor integrity, which gives new insight into the evaluation of DME. Dynamic FAF monitoring helps to better evaluate the disease progression of DME as well as visual function.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; diagnosis ; Female ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optical Imaging ; Retrospective Studies