Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Macrolides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Sinusitis ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of standardized medication for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. METHOD: According to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines on chronic rhinosinusitis formulated in 2008, by means of prospective study, we studied 54 patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis treated with standardized medication including, a combination of local intranasaI corticosteroids, macrolides, mucus discharging agent and nasal irrigation treatment and followed up for 3 months. Visual analogue scale (VAS), sino nasal outcome test-20 Chinese version scales (SNOT-20 CV), Lund-Mackay CT and Lund-Kennedy endoscopy methods were employed to conduct the subjective and objective assessment and comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy before and after treatment. RESULT: (1) After three months of standardized medication, the patients' total scores of VAS, SNOT-20 CV, CT and endoscopy were improved significantly compared with those before-treatment (P < 0.01 for all these scoring systems). (2) There was statistically significant difference between the clinical efficacies of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps groups (P < 0.01). After 3 months of standardized medication, the effective rates of the CRSwNP group evaluated by subjective assessment and CT evaluation were 66.7% and 94.4% respectively, while those of the CRSsNP groups were 91.7% and 97.2% respectively. (3) Betwecn CRSwNP and CRSsNP groups, there was no significant difference in the improvement rate or inefficiency rate in subjective assessment except for the cure rate, while there were significant differences in both cure rate and improvement rate in CT evaluation. (4) The CRS patients' self-testing-based questionnaires results showed positive correlation with objective assessments. CONCLUSION The standardized medication with combination of intranasal local glucocorticoid, macrolides (14-membered ring), the mucus discharging agent and nasal irrigation on CRS was effective.
Administration, Intranasal ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Macrolides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis ; drug therapy ; Sinusitis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

In April 2010, pruritic symptoms were recognized in 3 privately-owned Siamese cats raised in Gwangju, Korea. Examination of ear canals revealed dark brown, ceruminous otic exudates that contain numerous live mites at various developmental stages. Based on morphological characteristics of adult mites in which caruncles were present on legs 1 and 2 in adult females and on legs 1, 2, 3, and 4 in adult males while the tarsus of leg 3 in both sexes was equipped with 2 long setae, the mite was identified as Otodectes cynotis. Ten ear mite-free domestic shorthaired cats were experimentally infected with O. cynotis to evaluate the efficacy of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin spot-on. Live mites were recovered from 1 of 10 treated cats on day 9 post-treatment (PT) while no live mites were observed from the ear canals of treated cats on days 16 and 30 PT. The efficacy of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin spot-on on O. cynotis in cats was, therefore, 90% on day 9 and 100% on days 16 and 30 PT. This is the first report of otodectosis in 3 cats naturally infested with O. cynotis in Gwang-ju, Korea. Both natural and experimental infestations were successfully treated with 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin spot-on.
Acaricides/*administration & dosage ; Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Cat Diseases/*diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Cats ; Ear Diseases/diagnosis/drug therapy/veterinary ; Female ; Imidazoles/*administration & dosage ; Macrolides/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Mite Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy/*veterinary ; Nitro Compounds/*administration & dosage ; Psoroptidae/*growth & development ; Republic of Korea ; Solutions/administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a bronchiolitis affecting the whole lung fields which can be treated by macrolide. Especially East Asian patients are more susceptible to diffuse panbronchiolitis. As asthma and DPB both can cause airway obstruction, differential diagnosis is important for the 2 diseases. Here we report 5 patients with DPB clinically presenting as severe asthma in Korea, who were well treated by macrolide. Among the 5 patients, 2 could stop their asthma inhalers and the other 3 could reduce asthma medications after diagnosis and treatment of DPB. In conclusion, considering DPB as differential diagnosis for asthmatics in Asian ethnic groups is important.
Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Asthma/*diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Bronchiolitis/*diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Haemophilus Infections/*diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Macrolides/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Biocompatible silica-overcoated magnetic nanoparticles containing an organic fluorescence dye, rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC), within a silica shell [50 nm size, MNP@SiO2(RITC)s] were synthesized. For future application of the MNP@SiO2(RITC)s into diverse areas of research such as drug or gene delivery, bioimaging, and biosensors, detailed information of the cellular uptake process of the nanoparticles is essential. Thus, this study was performed to elucidate the precise mechanism by which the lung cancer cells uptake the magnetic nanoparticles. Lung cells were chosen for this study because inhalation is the most likely route of exposure and lung cancer cells were also found to uptake magnetic nanoparticles rapidly in preliminary experiments. The lung cells were pretreated with different metabolic inhibitors. Our results revealed that low temperature disturbed the uptake of magnetic nanoparticles into the cells. Metabolic inhibitors also prevented the delivery of the materials into cells. Use of TEM clearly demonstrated that uptake of the nanoparticles was mediated through endosomes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that magnetic nanoparticles can be internalized into the cells through an energy-dependent endosomal-lysosomal mechanism.
Biocompatible Materials/*pharmacokinetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Endocytosis/*physiology ; Endosomes/physiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Macrolides/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nanoparticles/*administration & dosage ; Sodium Azide/pharmacology ; Sucrose/pharmacology ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of combined treatment with sansanmycin and macrolides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and formation of biofilm.

METHODSMicro-dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of sansanmycin, gentamycin, carbenicillin, polymyxin B, roxithromycin, piperacillin, and tazobactam. PA1 and PA27853 biofilms were observed under optical microscope after staining and under SEM after treatment with sansanmycin at different dosages and combined treatment with sansanmycin and roxithromycin. Viable bacteria in PA1 and PA27853 biofilms were counted after treatment with sansanmycin at different dosages or combined treatment with sansanmycin and roxithromycin.

RESULTSThe MIC of sansanmycin was lower than that of gentamycin and polymyxin B, but was higher than that of carbenicillin. Roxithromycin enhanced the penetration of sansanmycin to PA1 and PA27853 strains through biofilms. PA1 and PA27853 biofilms were gradually cleared with the increased dosages of sansanmycin or with the combined sansanmycin and roxithromycin.

CONCLUSIONSub-MIC levels of roxithromycin and sansanmycin substantially inhibit the generation of biofilms and proliferation of bacteria. Therefore, combined antibiotics can be used in treatment of intractable bacterial infection.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Adhesion ; drug effects ; Biofilms ; growth & development ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Macrolides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oligopeptides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Uridine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Vero Cells