Objective To analyse the economies of scale in public hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Methods One hundred and twenty-five public hospitals in Zhejiang Province with qualification no less than class two level two were selected as sample hospitals. Douglas production function was employed to analyse the relationship between investment and output in sample hospitals between 2004 to 2006, with two types of production models established by medical service and incomes in hospitals as dependent variables. Results From 2004 to 2006, the medical service and incomes of sample hospitals were in line with economies of scale. The production increase rate was higher than investment increase rate. The medical service, incomes, total assets and number of staff in class three hospitals were higher than those in class two hospitals (P =0.000). Conclusion Economies of scale is the ultimate incentive to continuous outstretch for hospitals. Hospitals should rationally control the scale so as to avoid problems in medical service caused by overstretch.

[Objective] To investigate the therapeutic effect of Honghua injection plus prednisone and cyclophosphamine on refractory nephrotic syndrom.[Methods] 38 patients with refractory nephrotic syndrom were given intravenous Honghua and cyclophosphamine plus oral prednisone.Serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,liver and renal function,blood routine test,24h protennuria were observed.[Results] Total effective ratio was 92.1%.Cure ratio was 73.68%.Partly cure ratio was 18.42% and ineffective ratio was 7.89%.[Conclusions] Patients with refractory nephrotic syndrom were treated by Honghua injection plus prednisone and cyclophosphamine,which could reduce the application of prednisone,its side effects and enforce its therapeutic effect.What is more,this treatment could lessen therapeutic process,prevent relapse and recoil,protect effectively the retreat syndrom of prednisone as well.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of controllable blood pressure depression in combination with acute hypervolmic hemodilutien (AHH) during operation. Methods 40 patients with esophageal or cardiac carcinomas were randomly divided into controllable blood pressure depression in combination with AHH group(group I)and control group (group Ⅱ), each group containing 20 patients. MAP, CVP and HR were monitored during operation. And Hb,Hct and Plt were aslo monitored before operation, 1h after AHH and 24h after operation. The volume of solution infusion,blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded during operation. Results MAP after operation in group I was significantly lower than that before operation in groups I and Ⅱ(P

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the treatment of malignant lymphoma, new drugs and new treatment strategies continue to emerge, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells immunotherapy. The issue of malignant lymphoma has received a lot of attention. The recent progress of malignant lymphoma reported in the 57th American Society of Hematology annual meeting were briefly introduced in this article.

Objective To study the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis, so as to guide the anti-infection therapy. Methods Eighty-four patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. The anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the anaerobes to seven kinds of antibiotics (like metronidazole, penicillin, cefmetazole, etc.) was tested with the agar dilution technique. Results A total of 305 cultivable anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of 84 patients with chronic periodontitis. All patients were infected by anaerobes. 59.34%of cultivable anaerobes were gram-positive anaerobes, and 40.66%were gram-negative anaerobes. The P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis were the most common among the cultivable anaerobes, accounting for 51.19% and 55.95%, followed by P.intermedia (36.90%), P.micros (35.71%), F.mucleatum (33.33%), Capnocytophaga ssp (27.38%), Actinomyces ssp (10.71%), and so on. Most isolated anaerobes were sensitive to seven antibiotics. All isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Chloromycetin and Imipenem. 98.03%of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Amoxicillin. Approximately 76%to 88%of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Cefmetazole and Metronidazole. Susceptibility to Clindamycinum and Penicillin were 65.91%and 55.73%. Conclusions There is a close relationship between chronic periodontitis and anaerobes. P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis are the most frequently isolated anaerobes from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Chloromycetin and Imipenem can be used for the treatment of anaerobes infected chronic periodontitis.

Ultrasound molecular imaging has become one of the hotspots of molecular imaging because of its advantages of non-invasion, non-radiation, repeatability and real-time dynamic imaging. The key of imaging is to select the appropriate target and ligand to bind to the ultrasound contrast agent. The formation of blood vessels in the development of tumor is a significant feature. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is an important specific molecule on tumor vascular endothelial cells, and which can be used as a target for tumor ultrasound imaging. In recent years, many scholars have carried out related studies on the imaging of ultrasound molecules targeting VEGFR. This paper reviewed the mechanism and application of tumor ultrasound molecular imaging with VEGFR as target in recent years.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture at mind-tranquilizing points plus conventional shoulder points in treating scapulohumeral periarthritis (periarthritis of shoulder) at the early stage of adhesion. Method Sixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group received acupuncture at mind-tranquilizing points plus conventional shoulder points and the control group, at conventional points. In both groups, treatment was given three times a week, for two weeks. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score were recorded before and after treatment. Result The VAS score,the HAMA score, the HAMD score and the JOA score improved in both groups after treatment compared with before (P<0.05). The VAS score and the HAMA score improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant post-treatment differences in the HAMD score and the JOA score between the treatment and control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Mind-tranquilizing acupuncture plus conventional acupuncture is more effective than conventional acupuncture in treating scapulohumeral periarthritis at the early stage of adhesion.

Objective To observe the effect of ganglioside GM3 on the proliferation and cell cycle of multiple myeloma (MM) cell line U266. Methods The experimental groups were treated with 20, 40, 80, 160μmol/L GM3, while the control group was not given GM3. The growth inhibition effect of GM3 on U266 cells after 48 hours were measured by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. The cell cycle was tested by flow cytometry with PI labeling. Results The results indicated that the GM3 displayed anti-proliferative effects on U266 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cell inhibition rates were (13±4) %, (26± 4) %, (47 ±6) %, (55 ±10) % in different dose of GM3 (20, 40, 80, 160 μmol/L), respectively. There was a difference between the experimental group and the control group (F= 93.063, P< 0.05). At the same time, the cell cycle analysis results showed that the U266 cell ratio in S phase was increased from (22.6 ±3.7) % to (71.5±3.8) %(P<0.01) and in G2/M phase was decreased from (42.6±2.5) %to (0.8±0.6) %(P<0.05) while in G0/G1 phase was not significantly changed. Conclusion GM3 can inhibit the proliferation of MM cell line U266 by blocking them in the S phase.

The 14th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML) was held in Lugano, Switzerland from June 14, 2017 to June 17, 2017. More than 3500 lymphoma experts and scholars attended this unprecedented conference. In particular, the Joint Forum on Union for China Lymphoma Investigators (UCLI)-ICML jointly organised by UCLI and ICML had greatly improved Chinese academic status in the field of lymphoma worldwide. Chinese experience on the treatment of T-cell lymphoma was exchanged during the conference. This paper reviews the recent progress in treatment of T-cell lymphoma in the meeting.

Objective The research of craniocerebral injury and fracture healing has made slow progress, and the lack of reliable animal experimental model is one of the key factors.Therefore, the focus is to establish a craniocerebral injury and fracture model up to standard.The study aims to establish an appropriate animal model and evaluate the stability.Methods New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups(n=12): control group, simple craniocerebral injury group(simple craniocerebral injury model), simple fracture group(simple right tibial fracture model), Brain trauma with fracture group (craniocerebral injury combined with fracture model).The neurological changes of the rabbits were observed.Furthermore, the healing of the fractures was observed at different time postoperatively by measuring the volume of callus and observing pathology.Results The neurological function scale (NSS) scores [(9.32±0.68), (8.01±0.56), (7.75±0)]6 h, 7 d and 1 month after craniocerebral injury surgery were significantly lower than those in the control group[(11.81±0.55),(12.07±0.42),(12.02±0.38)], and there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Compared with the callus volume of simple fracture group around 1 month after surgery, the callus volume of the craniocerebral injury combined with fracture group was significantly larger [(1.19±0.12) cm3 vs (1.81±0.13) cm3, P<0.05].Four weeks after surgery in the craniocerebral injury combined with fracture group, the trabecular bone was significantly increased in the local callus.After 8 weeks, the trabecular bone became more mature.Conclusion The animal model of craniocerebral injury combined with fracture healing is stable and reproducible.It meets the standard for studying the relationship of traumatic brain injury and fracture.