Adipocytes are classified into three types, including white, brown, and “beige/brite” adipocytes. There exist differences in origin of adipocytes, gene expressions, morphology, and functions among three kinds of adipocytes. Multiple factors such as physical and chemical factors, neurohormonal and immunological factors, transcriptional factors have been shown to regulate and control the browning process and lipolysis of white adipose tissue. Thus, they may become new targets for anti-obesity intervention. In the process of obesity, chronic inflammation reaction, adipose tissue remodeling and abnormal angiogenesis occurring in the adipose tissue cause pathological fat expansion and reduce lipid storage in adipocytes. Understanding adipocytes biology is important to decipher how the aberrant adipose tissue contributes to obesity and metabolic disorders, and provides guidance for treating obesity.

The article analyses the actualities and causes of present-day college students'vocational values.Then it elaborates how to guide college students to have correct vocational values.Teaching college students' vocational values is a comprehensive work over a long period of time.

Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; secondary ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; pathology

An investigation and analysis on the effect of current bilingual teaching has been done among the 2002rd seven-year program students by using questionnaire.The result can provide basic foundation for improving the quality of bilingual teaching.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Jianpi Qinghua Recipe (JQR) on renal functions of adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) rats from the angle of activating fibroblasts to myofibroblast (MyoF).

METHODSTotally 56 rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (n=8), the sham-operation group (n =8), and the model group (n=40). The FSGS rat model was induced by nephrectomy of left kidney plus intravenous injection of adriamycin. Successfully modeled rats were further divided into 5 groups, i.e., the model group, the JQR group, the JPR (Jianpi Recipe) group, the QHR (Qinghua Recipe) group, and the NDQ (Niaoduqing) group, 8 in each group. Corresponding drugs were administered to rats in all groups, 2 mL each time, for 56 days. The effect of JQR on serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen, 24-h urinary protein excretion, a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNA, collagen type III (Col III) mRNA, fibronectin (FN) mRNA, and collagen type IV (Col IV) mRNA were observed.

RESULTSJQR could significantly lower SCr, urea nitrogen, and 24-h urinary protein excretion levels (P < 0.01), and significantly decrease mRNA levels of alpha-SMA, Col III, FN, and Col IV (P < 0.01). It was advantageous over the NDQ group. Compared with JPR, the relative expression levels of Col III mRNA and FN mRNA of JQR and QHR were significantly lower (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJQR could improve the renal function and renal fibrosis in the adriamycin-induced nephropathic model rats. Its efficacy was superior to that of NDQ. Its mechanisms might be linked with inhibiting activation of fibroblasts.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Doxorubicin ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM: To compare cell-suspension and explant culture of mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCEC).METHODS: MCEC were cultured by cell-suspension culture and explant culture, respectively. Colony forming efficiency (CFE) and cell proliferation were determined. The expression of corneal epithelial progenitor cell marker p63 and K19, as well as differentiation marker K12 was investigated by Western blotting.RESULTS: Twenty of 25 (80％) cornea explant were successfully subcultured to passage1 (P1), while only 12％ cell-suspension culture were successfully subcultured to P1. There were statistical significance between explant culture and cell-suspension culture (P<0.01). Up to 55％ of P1 cells in explant culture were passaged over P10 and were stably subcultured though at least 25 passages. However, cells cultured in suspension culture never achieved confluence in P2. CEF of P1 in explant culture was higher than P1 in cell-suspension culture (P=0.02) and CEF of P20 in explant culture was higher than P1 in explant (P=0.001). Immunostaining images showed expression of p63 and K19 in cell-suspension culture P1 and explant culture P1 and P20. K12 was expressed in P1 of both cell-suspension culture and explant culture, however, there was not K12 expressed in P20 of explant culture.CONCLUSION: In MECE culture, compared with cell-suspension culture, the explant culture is a preferable option.

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of Kv1.6 in rat hippocampus after status epilepticus (SE) induced by lithium and pilocarpine to explore the relationship between Kv1.6 and epileptogenesis.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experiment group and control group.The rats in each group were randomly assigned into 6-hour,1-day,2-day and 3-day subgroups (n =6).Electroencephalography (EEG) of rats in both groups were recorded to show the electrical activity of the rat brains.Nissel staining was performed to investigate the pathological changes,and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to analyze the expression and distribution of Kv1.6.Results (1) The EEG of rats in control group showed α wave with uniform amplitude,while the EEG in rats subjected to pilocarpine injection showed slow waves and spike waves with irregular amplitude and rhythm.Sustained spike waves were observed during SE.(2) Nissl staining showed that 6 hours after SE,the neural morphology of hippocampi in experiment group was as the same to that in control group.There was no change in neuronal morphology and numbers.However,1 day after SE,the structure of hippocampi was discrete and the number of neurons was decreased.Two and 3 days after SE,the number of neurons in hippocampi decreased further.Swelling and deformation of neurons were seen.Nissl bodies emerged,decreased or even disappeared.(3) There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of Kv1.6 in CA3 and CA1 areas between experiment group and control group 6 hours after SE (all P＞0.05).One day,2 days and 3 days post SE,the expression of Kv1.6 in CA3 area (0.117 ±0.040,0.135 ±0.029,0.112 ±0.050) decreased obviously compared to control group (0.192±0.054,0.201 ± 0.062,0.184 ±0.042;t---3.861,3.745,5.579,all P ＜0.05);and the expression of Kv1.6 in CA1 area (0.114 ± 0.02,0.082 ± 0.031,0.106 ± 0.043) decreased significantly compared to control group (0.165±0.036,0.187 ±0.025,0.172 ±0.052;t=3.221,6.360,3.645,all P＜0.05).The expression of Kv1.6 did not show statistically significant difference in DG area between experiment group and control group at all time points examined (P ＞ 0.05).The Western blotting showed the same trend.Conclusion The decreased expression of Kv1.6 may play a role in the epileptogenesis.

Objective To investigate Enterococci resistance to glycopeptides and their genotypes. Methods MICs of antimicrobial agents to Enterococci were determined with agar dilution test and van genes were amplified with PCR. Results 298 E. faecalis and 42 E. faecium clinical isolates were collected from 13 University teaching hospitals around China. The resistant rates of E. faecalis to penicillins were 14.1%～17.8%, which was much lower than those of E.feacium. No glycopeptides resistant Enterococci strain was detected. 8 E. faecalis and 1 E. faecium were intermediate sensitive to vancomycin but sensitive to teicoplanin with MICs of 8～16 and 0.25～2 mg/L, respectively. PCR amplification of van genes gave rise to only vanC2/3 gene positive in E. faecalis B144. Conclusions Glycopeptide resistant Enterococci is not common in China and no vanA or vanB type Enterococci was detected in this study. Penicillins, vancomycin and teicoplanin could be employed in the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infections. High attention should be paid to future development of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in China.

Objective To explore the effects of PSE on hemodynamics and Liver function in LCPH. Methods 30 patients with LCPH are treated by PSE. The hemodynamics changes of patients with LCPH are evaluated with color Doppler diasonograph. The changes of main clinical features which is related to LCPH , serum ALT and albumn were investigated . Results The hemodynamics indexs of LCPH are all changed significantly (P0. 05) between four and two weeks after PSE. But the main symptoms, signs of LCPH and liver function are improved after PSE . Conclutions PSE plays an important role in hemdynamics and liver function of LCPH. After PSE, Portal hypertension decreases effectively and liver function is improved.