Radiotherapy is an important treatment for malignant tumors, but it will have a negative impact on the reproductive function of young female patients.In recent years, the measures to protect female fertility are increasing, including clinical mature technologies such as embryo cryopreservation and mature oocyte cryopreservation; highly experimental technologies such as immature oocyte in vitro fertilization and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation.In addition, the application of stem cells and the proposal of artificial ovary also show great prospects in the protection of female fertility.This paper reviews the research progress of female fertility protection strategies in radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and imatinib mesylate (imatinib) or in combination with imatinib with different concentration on Raji cells and the mechanisms.Methods The inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay to assess the cells survival after As2O3 and imatinib or in combination with imatinib treatment with different concentration at indicated time.Caspase-3 activity changes and the relative number of cells in different phases and the percentages of cells calculated in G1 and S phase of the cell cycle were assessed by FCM. The expression of p16 protein was analyzed by SABC immunohistochemical method. Results The results of MTT assay showed that As2O3 and imatinib or in combination with imatinib could inhibit Raji cells growth. There was clear statistical significance between the union groups and the single-drug group (P<0.05). As2O3 inducing apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation and activation of apoptosis protein Caspase-3. The mean percentage of apoptosis cells was both in time-and dosage-dependent form (P<0.0001). While Raji cell lines were less sensitive to imatinib than arsenic trioxide (P >0.05). Further more, Combination of imatinib with As2O3 had not a synergistic inducing apoptosis effect on Raji cells (P >0.05). The optical density of p16 protein increased both in time-and dosage-dependent form with As2O3 by immunohistochemical method (P<0.05). While at higher concentration and for a longer time, imatinib could up-regulated the optical density of p16 protein. There was no obvious statistic significance for p16 protein in Raji cells with using As2O3 only compared with the unions group(P >0.05). The cell cycle was arrested at G1 phase, the number of cells G1 period increased significantly,and S phase decreased on Raji cells after As2O3 treatment. The relationship between the cellular DNA contents and the concentration of As2O3 showed a dose-and time-dependent manner (P<0.0001). But it was found that imatinib had no effect on Raji cell cycle. There was no the obvious difference (P >0.05) between two drugs unions group with only using As2O3 group. Conclusion The results showed that As2O3 exerted variable and definite effects on lymphoma Raji cells, and suggested that As2O3 might induce apoptosis and up-regulate the optical density of p16 protein and arrest cell cycle. As for Raji cells, imatinib might affect the expression of p16 protein at higher concentration. Two drugs unions had no effective and synergistic effect.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cerebral infarct volume and expression of caspase-1 protein after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in adult rat.Methods70 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operated group, ischemia group and NAC group. NAC group treated with NAC (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) after middle cerebral artery embolized for 30 minutes. The change of infarct volume and the number of caspase-1 positive staining cells in ischemia group and NAC group was compared.ResultsThe infarct volum of NAC group decreased significantly compared with that of ischemia groups at different time-points of cerebral ischemia. In NAC group, the number of caspase-1 positive staining cells deceased at different time-points of cerebral ischemia compared with those of ischemia group.ConclusionTreatment with NAC after brain ischemia may reduce infarct volum permant focal cerebral ischemia in rat. The effect of NAC decreasing apoptosis following permanent focal cerebral ischemia may be related to downregulation of caspase-1 protein.

Fatigue ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is a rare cancer of the stomach,and the most common type is non-Hodgkin lymphoma.The clinical feature of PGL has no specificity.Gastroscope is the current main mean for diagnosis,and CT,PET-CT and bone marrow examination are often used in staging.The treatment of PGL in recent years gradually turns to nonoperative treatment.Lymphoma is sensitive to chemotherapy,effective rate of conventional chemotherapy regimens is 60 ％-80 ％,and surgery is usually used for stomach bleeding and perforation of the complications.

Sandwich technique was used and the positiue rate for stomach cancer was 94.4% when patient's gastric juice was above pH4. Experiments on the influence of pHon SIgA wero done and the limitation of the resistance of SIgA against gastric acidity and pepsin wass understood.Methods for the correction of pH in the stomach were presented.This method might be valuable for tne diagnosis and early detection of stomach cancer most Probably from the high risk grisk group such as patients with atrophic gastritis accompanied by intestinal metaplasia, atypical hyperplasia, adenomatous polyps etc.

Objective Systematical evaluation of studies published abroad on pregnancy induced hypertension and incidence of congenital heart diseases (CHDs), to investigate the relationship between pregnancy induced hypertension and the risk of CHDs morbidity. Methods Studies of pregnancy induced hypertension and CHDs were identified by searching major electronic databases (PubMed, Elsevier and Web of Science) by the medical subject headings and keywords without language restriction. Stata was conducted to determine the risk of CHDs related to pregnancies induced hypertension. Results Thirteen (13) case-control and 10 cohort studies were identified. Pregnancy induced hypertension was associated with an increased risk of CHDs morbidity (RR=1.65,95%CI: 1.50~1.83). Subgroup analysis showed that both of the pregnancy hypertension treated group and the untreated group increased the risk of CHDs morbidity (RR=2.11,95% CI: 1.72~2.58; RR=1.61,95%CI:1.34~1.94). Calcium channel blockers, adrenergic receptor blockers and diuretics did not increase the risk of CHDs morbidity (P>0.05), β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor increased the risk of CHDs morbidity (P<0.05). Conclusions Pregnancies induced hypertension increased risk of CHDs morbidity.

Now the treatment of lymphoma mainly uses combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Es- pecially hemopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective in the treatment to the patients with refractory and later stage.During the recent years the domestic and foreign scholars have obtained the encouraging results with arsenic trioxide to treat lymphoma.This article has reviewed the experimental study and the clinical re- search progress about arsenic trioxide in application to lymphoma cells.

This article introduces the current status of Chinese institutes for medical devices testing, and analyses the misunderstanding in extending the testing capacities for the provincial institutes for medical devices. Then, some suggestions are given to orientate themselves in extending capacities. Finally, these specific procedures on extending the testing capacities are presented.
China ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards

Objective To analyze reasons for the generation of unqualified blood specimens in coagulation test in tumor patients and to develop countermeasures ,so as to ensure the quality of samples prior to analysis .Methods Blood specimens received from outpatients in Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province in 2012(40 253 specimens) ,2013(46 756 specimens) and first quarter of 2014 (14 566 specimens)were retrospectively analysed .Unqualified rate was used to describe situation of unqualified specimens ,and the distribution and changes of unqualified specimens were compared among the three years .Results The unqualified rate of blood specimens in coagulation test in 2012 and 2013 was 0 .57% and 0 .96% ,respectively .Reasons for unqualified blood specimens in 2012 was ,in order ,specimens agglutination ,insufficient amount of specimen ,excessive amount of specimen ,wrong container ,no specimen .Reasons for unqualified blood specimens in 2013 was ,in order ,specimens agglutination ,insufficient amount of specimen , excessive amount of specimen ,bar code error ,contaminated specimen ,wrong container ,no specimen ,hematocrit≥55% ,repeated in‐spection .Conclusion Coagulation test requires high quality specimen and quality assurance prior to analysis is particularly impor‐tant .The clinical laboratories should strengthen the links between the nursing and clinical departments ,timely communicate and feedback situation of unqualified specimens ,find the cause together and develop and implement effective improvement measures ,in order to ensure the quality of specimens on the steps before analysis .