Effective leadership is crucial for health organizations' performance and numerous western universities thus offer leadership courses or modules to their students.However,such education practice has not started in China.In order to optimize knowledge and skills of health service management practitioners,to content with requirements of health service organizations,to cope with dynamic organization environment,to implement health reform successfully and to realized sustainable development of health organizations,it is necessary to provide leadership course for students of health service management at Chinese universities.

Hepatobiliary surgical intervention technique is a treatment and diagnostic technology developed relatively rapid in recent years,it is responsible for diagnosis and treatment of important organs such as hepatobiliary pancreatic disease,and with characteristics of minimally invasive,video,safe,simple,quick recovery,less complications,patients easily accepted and so is widely used in clinical.With the popularization and rapid development of this technology,the demand for physician intervention greatly increased,setting off a wave of interventional study.Our hospital has carried out hepatic artery embolization imaging technology and chemotherapy,interventional radiology treatment of biliary tract,portal vein involvement of hepatobiliary surgical intervention since 1980s,the cumulative number of cases of hepatobiliary surgical intervention reached million and attracted many national hospitals to send officers to learn the technology.In the teaching process,we accumulated some valuable experience.

Based on computer and network technologies,the information system has grown into an important part for normal operation of hospitals,pushing up the importance of its risk analysis and defense.This article briefly described general methods and processes of risk analysis for information system,brought forward methods of risk classification and level-defense to identify and manage risks effectively,highlighted the importance of risk analysis,after-defense evaluating and tracking.This method is called into play to identify risks exposure of the information system of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center,contributing to a risk response table,developing a sustained improvement process for risk identification,control,appraisal and tracking,with defense carried out in specific system upgrading projects.

Callus of Gentiana crassicaulis was initiated from hypocotyl and cotyledon on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2.4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA.Induction frequencies of callus were 100%.Somatic embryos were formed on MS medium containing 2mg/L BA,3mg/L ZT, 1mg/L NAA,3mg/L GA,three time MS organics and vitamins,6% sucrose and 500 mg/L LH and three time FeSO4 (Na2EDTA) .40% Callus produced somatic embryos.It developed into complete plants on hormon-free MS medium.

Cricoid Cartilage ; surgery ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; rehabilitation ; Larynx ; Recovery of Function

Glycoprotein N is encoded by glycoprotein N (gN) gene of herpesviruses. The amino acid composition and expression level of this protein vary among difference species of herpesviruses. According to present studies, gN protein is expressed in cytoplasm of host cells, mainly in endoplasmic reticulum. The gN forms a complex with glycoprotein M in host cells. The complex is involved in the processes of viral replication and inter-cellular infection. Moreover, this protein plays a role in immune evasion from host immune system. The study will provide a theoretical basis for further study of herpesvirus gN gene and its encoded protein.
Animals ; Herpesviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Herpesviridae Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms ; complications ; therapy

Aim To establish a mouse model of AIDS and observe the effects of Combivir,an anti-AIDS drug.Methods The model was set up by infecting infant mice with L6565 murine leukemia virus.Quantitative RT-PCR method was used to measure viral load in plasma.The percentage of CD4~+ and CD8~+ lymphacytes was estimated by flowcytometric method.The number of WBC,RBC and marrow karyote was counted.indexes of immune organs were weighed and calculated.Results Compared with control,the viral load in plasma in the model was at high level.The percentage of CD4~+ lymphocyte,the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+,the number of RBC and marrow karyote,and thymus index were significantly decreased in the model,while the number of WBC and spleen index was remarkably increased.Conclusion AIDS patient symptom is shown in mouse infected with L6565 murine leukemia virus.This suggests that this model is likely to be used as a mice model to evaluate the effect of anti-AIDS drugs.

Objective To study the relationship of implicit memory and amnesia effect of oral midazolarn premedication and toobserve its anterograde amnesia, the effect on short-term memory and the onset time and out come of retrograde amnesia. Methods60 patients with ASA I - Ⅱ status undergoing abdomen and limb operations were divided into 3 groups with 20 cases each. Group A:oral midazolam 7.5mg;Group B:oral 15mg;Group C:placebo. The patients received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia after oral midazolam. The parameterns of EEG, SEF 95 %, BISwere collected at the same time and the degree and remark of sedation were dome according to OAA/S. The amnesia and implicit memory were investigated with pictures and muddy identified hearing rate 6 hours after operation. Results (1)Twenty min following drug ad dministration the remarks of sedation of group A and B were significantly loWver than that before and that of group C, Which was not significently different between group A and B. ( 2)The amnesia rates tested six hrs after surgery were significantly higher at 30min in group A, 20min in group B than those before treatment and were kept at 70%-80% levels, which in group C was remained zero. (3)The muddy identified hearing rate was not different significantly, among the three groups. (4) The short-term memory was all 100%during the period of drug action. (5)BIS and SEF 95% Were lower 30min after the treatment and all kept at 80 Hz and 20 Hz, which were not different remarkably between group A and B. ConclnsionOral midazolam 7. 5mg has a good effect on anterograde amnesia 30min after treatment, which may not be improved with increament in dosage. It does not lead to retrograde amnesia. The long-term memory, but not short-term memory, was impaired by midazolam. It only affects the explicit memory. Oral premnedication with midazolam can not prevent the awareness during operation totally.

To study the effect of physiological conditions on spidroins, we analyzed NTR1SR2CT module secondary structure, aggregation and silk-formation influenced by different salts (in different concentration intervals). According to the full-length Araneus ventricosus MiSp sequence, NTR1SR2CT module was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the recombinant proteins were purified by denaturation method mediated by 8 mol/L urea. Random coil and helix are the main secondary structures of NTR1SR2CT and could be induced into beta-sheet by drying natively and lyophilization, where methanol can be used as a promoter. Furthermore, potassium and phosphate cations can cause significant NTR1SR2CT protein aggregation and silk-formation. The results could be a basis for the determination of silk-formation mechanism, and also useful for industrialized generation of high performance spider silk-like fibers.
Animals ; Fibroins ; chemistry ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Salts ; chemistry ; Spiders