1.Acupuncture-moxibustion and mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2012;32(3):284-288
The Literatures on mechanism of acupuncture from the aspect of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are analyzed in this paper. And the result shows that many acupuncture effects are closely related with the regulation of MAPK signal transduction pathway. However, the current studies only cover limited aspects, and there problems still existed in the experiment designation. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture are often adopted for the treatment group, while moxibustion is not applied for most of them. There are not unified wave model, frequency and stimulation period for electroacupuncture. And the studies still remain in simple confirmation and proper inference. In the future, the domain of researches should be further wid ened and the experiment designation further perfected. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in clinic will be greatly improved through researches on MAPK signal transduction pathway and the production mechanism of acupuncture effect.
Acupuncture Therapy
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Animals
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Humans
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Moxibustion
2.PI3K and ERK signaling pathways are involved in differentiation of monocytic cells induced by 27-hydroxycholesterol.
Yonghae SON ; Bo Young KIM ; Young Chul PARK ; Seong Kug EO ; Hyok rae CHO ; Koanhoi KIM
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2017;21(3):301-308
27-Hydroxycholesterol induces differentiation of monocytic cells into mature dendritic cells, mDCs. In the current study we sought to determine roles of the PI3K and the ERK pathways in the 27OHChol-induced differentiation. Up-regulation of mDC-specific markers like CD80, CD83 and CD88 induced by stimulation with 27OHChol was significantly reduced in the presence of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, and U0126, an inhibitor of ERK. Surface expression of MHC class I and II molecules elevated by 27OHChol was decreased to basal levels in the presence of the inhibitors. Treatment with LY294002 or U0126 resulted in recovery of endocytic activity which was reduced by 27OHChol. CD197 expression and cell adherence enhanced by 27OHChol were attenuated in the presence of the inhibitors. Transcription and surface expression of CD molecules involved in atherosclerosis such as CD105, CD137 and CD166 were also significantly decreased by treatment with LY294002 and U0126. These results mean that the PI3K and the ERK signaling pathways are necessary for differentiation of monocytic cells into mDCs and involved in over-expression of atherosclerosis-associated molecules in response to 27OHChol.
Atherosclerosis
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Dendritic Cells
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Up-Regulation
3.The Effect of DA-6034 on Intestinal Permeability in an Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Model.
Dong Shin KWAK ; Oh Young LEE ; Kang Nyeong LEE ; Dae Won JUN ; Hang Lak LEE ; Byung Chul YOON ; Ho Soon CHOI
Gut and Liver 2016;10(3):406-411
BACKGROUND/AIMS: DA-6034 has anti-inflammatory activities and exhibits cytoprotective effects in acute gastric injury models. However, explanations for the protective effects of DA-6034 on intestinal permeability are limited. This study sought to investigate the effect of DA-6034 on intestinal permeability in an indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury model and its protective effect against small intestinal injury. METHODS: Rats in the treatment group received DA-6034 from days 0 to 2 and indomethacin from days 1 to 2. Rats in the control group received indomethacin from days 1 to 2. On the fourth day, the small intestines were examined to compare the severity of inflammation. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran. Western blotting was performed to confirm the association between DA-6034 and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. RESULTS: The inflammation scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Hemorrhagic lesions in the treatment group were broader than those in the control group, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Intestinal permeability was lower in the treatment group than in the control group. DA-6034 enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression, and intestinal permeability was negatively correlated with ERK expression. CONCLUSIONS: DA-6034 may decrease intestinal permeability in an indomethacin-induced intestinal injury model via the ERK pathway.
Animals
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Blotting, Western
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Dextrans
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Fluorescein
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Indomethacin
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Inflammation
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Intestine, Small
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Permeability*
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Phosphotransferases
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Rats
4.Prenatal diagnosis of Rasopathies in Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics 2020;37(11):1291-1295
RASopathies are a group of disorders caused by germline variants of genes involved in RAS/MAPK pathway with overlapping features which may complicate their diagnosis. Since almost all RASopathies are autosomal dominant inherited disorders, the affected families may give birth to multiple children with the disease. Owning to the advance in sequencing technology, the genotype-phenotype correlation of RASopathies has become clearer in recent years, and genetic testing is now available in many places, which make prenatal diagnosis for couples with increased risk possible. For de novo variants of RASopathies, prenatal diagnosis is still difficult as the findings in routine ultrasonography are not specific enough. Nevertheless, certain findings may still be used as clues for prenatal diagnosis. This article overviews the common disorders of RASopathies, with an emphasis on the features that can be used as clues for the prenatal diagnosis of RASopathies.
Female
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Genes, ras
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Humans
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MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics*
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Pregnancy
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Prenatal Diagnosis
5.Progress in studies on JNK signaling pathway and autophagy.
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2015;40(9):1035-1038
JNK signaling pathway plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Studies have shown that JNK signaling pathway is closely related to autophagy, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Clarification of the correlation between the JNK signaling pathway and autophagy may provide opportunities for identifying potential molecular targets for the treatment of diseases associated with autophagy.
Autophagy
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Humans
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
6.Dual role of interleukin-33 in tumors.
Qianqian LIU ; Di LU ; Jiahua HU ; Junchao LIANG ; Huoying CHEN
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2021;46(2):169-175
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a new member of the IL-1 cytokine family which plays roles in the nucleus as a nuclear factor and is released by damaged or necrotic cells to act as a cytokine. It can be released via damaged or necrotic cells and functions as a cytokine. The released IL-33 activates the downstream NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways through the isomers of the specific receptor ST2 and the interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), resulting in danger signals and the activated multiple immune responses. IL-33 is abnormally expressed in various tumors and involves in tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis. Moreover, IL-33 can play both pro-tumor and anti-tumor roles in the same type of tumor.
Cytokines
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Humans
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Interleukin-33/genetics*
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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NF-kappa B/metabolism*
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Neoplasms
7.Research advances in the role of MAPK cascade in regulation of cell growth, immunity, inflammation, and cancer.
Tingting GONG ; Kai SI ; Huiping LIU ; Xiaowei ZHANG
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2022;47(12):1721-1728
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade system is one of the highly conserved signal systems in eukaryotic cells, which participates in the regulation of many biological processes. Under the stimulation of different signals (such as cytokines, neurotransmitters, and hormones), MAPK cascade activates downstream targets and controls a variety of cellular processes, including growth, immunity, inflammation, and stress response. In different cells, the effects of MAPK cascade on cells vary with the stimuli and the duration of stimulation. MAPK cascade induces Th differentiation and participates in T cell receptor signal pathway and B cell receptor signal pathway. MAPK cascades regulate various cellular activities related to the occurrence and development of cancer. A thorough and systematic understanding of the specific regulatory effects of MAPK cascade on various cellular processes will provide theoretical guidance for treating various diseases.
Humans
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Signal Transduction
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Cell Cycle
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Neoplasms
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Inflammation
8.Type III secretory protein SINC of Chlamydia psittaci promotes host cell autophagy by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
Xin Ding ZENG ; Li CHEN ; Peng ZHOU ; Ting TANG ; Xi CHEN ; Dan HU ; Chuan WANG ; Li Li CHEN
Journal of Southern Medical University 2023;43(2):294-299
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the effects of SINC, a secreted protein of Chlamydia psittaci, on autophagy of host cells and the role of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in mediating SINC-induced autophagy.
METHODS:
RAW 264.7 cells treated with recombinant SINC were examined for changes in expression levels of LC3-II, Beclin-1, phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 using Western blotting. The expression level of LC3 in the treated cells was detected using immunofluorescence analysis, and the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of pretreatment with U0126 (a specific ERK inhibitor) on the expression levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to different concentrations of SINC was examined using Western blotting, and LC3 puncta in the cells was detected with immunofluorescence analysis.
RESULTS:
The expression levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1 were the highest in RAW 264.7 cells treated with 2 μg/mL SINC for 12h. Immunofluorescence analysis showed exposure to SINC significantly increased the number of cells containing LC3 puncta, where the presence of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was detected. Exposure to 2 μg/mL SINC for 15 min resulted in the most significant increase of the ratios of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 in RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with U0126 prior to SINC exposure significantly decreased the ratio of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, lowered the expression levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1, and decreased LC3 aggregation in the cells.
CONCLUSIONS
SINC exposure can induce autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Chlamydophila psittaci
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Beclin-1
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Signal Transduction
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Autophagy
9.Cyasterone inhibits IL-1β-mediated apoptosis and inflammation via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in rat chondrocytes and ameliorates osteoarthritisin vivo.
Li TENG ; Yue SHEN ; Yuhan QU ; Longfei YANG ; Yuting YANG ; Xi JIAN ; Shengli FAN ; Lele ZHANG ; Qiang FU
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines (English Ed.) 2023;21(2):99-112
Osteoarthritis is a prevalent global joint disease, which is characterized by inflammatory reaction and cartilage degradation. Cyasterone, a sterone derived from the roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan, exerts protective effect against several inflammation-related diseases. However, its effect on osteoarthritis remains unclear. The current study was designed to investigate the potential anti-osteoarthritis activity of cyasterone. Primary chondrocytes isolated from rats induced by interleukin (IL)-1β and a rat model stimulated by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. The results of in vitro experiments showed that cyasterone apparently counteracted chondrocyte apoptosis, increased the expression of collagen II and aggrecan, and restrained the production of the inflammatory factors inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes. Furthermore, cyasterone ameliorated the inflammation and degenerative progression of osteoarthritis potentially by regulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. For in vivo experiments, cyasterone significantly alleviated the inflammatory response and cartilage destruction of rats induced by monosodium iodoacetate, where dexamethasone was used as the positive control. Overall, this study laid a theoretical foundation for developing cyasterone as an effective agent for the alleviation of osteoarthritis.
Animals
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Rats
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Chondrocytes
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NF-kappa B
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Iodoacetic Acid
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Inflammation
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Apoptosis
10.Polysaccharide of Alocasia cucullata Exerts Antitumor Effect by Regulating Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and ERK1/2 Expressions during Long-Time Administration.
Qi-Chun ZHOU ; Shi-Lin XIAO ; Ru-Kun LIN ; Chan LI ; Zhi-Jie CHEN ; Yi-Fei CHEN ; Chao-Hua LUO ; Zhi-Xian MO ; Ying-Bo LIN
Chinese journal of integrative medicine 2024;30(1):52-61
OBJECTIVE:
To study the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the polysaccharide of Alocasia cucullata (PAC) and the underlying mechanism.
METHODS:
B16F10 and 4T1 cells were cultured with PAC of 40 µg/mL, and PAC was withdrawn after 40 days of administration. The cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8. The expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins were detected by Western blot and the expressions of ERK1/2 mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A mouse melanoma model was established to study the effect of PAC during long-time administration. Mice were divided into 3 treatment groups: control group treated with saline water, positive control group (LNT group) treated with lentinan at 100 mg/(kg·d), and PAC group treated with PAC at 120 mg/(kg·d). The pathological changes of tumor tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The apoptosis of tumor tissues was detected by TUNEL staining. Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of ERK1/2, JNK1 and p38 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR.
RESULTS:
In vitro, no strong inhibitory effects of PAC were found in various tumor cells after 48 or 72 h of administration. Interestingly however, after 40 days of cultivation under PAC, an inhibitory effect on B16F10 cells was found. Correspondingly, the long-time administration of PAC led to downregulation of Bcl-2 protein (P<0.05), up-regulation of Caspase-3 protein (P<0.05) and ERK1 mRNA (P<0.05) in B16F10 cells. The above results were verified by in vivo experiments. In addition, viability of B16F10 cells under long-time administration culture in vitro decreased after drug withdrawal, and similar results were also observed in 4T1 cells.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-time administration of PAC can significantly inhibit viability and promote apoptosis of tumor cells, and had obvious antitumor effect in tumor-bearing mice.
Mice
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Animals
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Alocasia/metabolism*
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MAP Kinase Signaling System
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Caspase 3/metabolism*
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Apoptosis
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RNA, Messenger/metabolism*