Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-?)signal pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy(DN)through inducing cell hypertrophy of glomerulus and renal tubule,accelerating the accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM),and promoting glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis,etc.Smad was a newly discovered protein regulating the intracellular signal pathway of TGF-? super family.This article reviewed the studies on TGF-? signal pathway and its activating factors,roles and relevant treatments targeting the pathway in DN patients,hoping to provide references for the therapy and research of DN.

Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) which can form high voltage around the tissues by emitting pulsed electric current may affect activity of synapses and cytokine. It has many advantages, such as smaller trauma, easier manipulation, safer, better effect, and so on.

Objective To investigate the effects about Tetramethyl -pyrazine (TMP)to Bad, Caspases-1 protein relating with JNK signal transduction pathways on cultured rat hippocampal neurons after anoxia-reoxygenation. Methods Rat hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and observed respectively on 7 ~ 9 days. Neurons were exposed to TMP in three different concentration (60,200,800 μg/mL) and JNK inhibitors (10 μmol/L). Control/normal groups were set in each experiment, except for the normal group. After 1 hour of treatment, the rat hippocampal neurons were placed in an incubator with 90%N2 + 10% CO2 for 2 hours to induce anoxia. Then, the rat hippocampal neurons were placed in an incubator with 5% CO2+95%air to establish reoxygenation. Bad, Caspases-1 protein were examined by Western Blot. Results After neurons with 60,200, 800 μg/mL TMP and 10 μmol/L JNK inhibitors on damage induced by anoxia-reoxygenation , the Bad , Caspases-1 protein are lower than the control group. But the 200 μg/mL group is better than 60 800 μg/mL groups. Conclusions Through the JNK signal transduction pathways, the Caspases-1, Bad protein expressions are lower than the control group. So TMP has obvious inhibitory action to rat hippocampal neuronal damage induced by anoxia-reoxygenation.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Shenkangwan in preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy(DN)through TGF-?1/Smad signaling pathway.Methods The diabetic rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)in male Wistar rats and randomly divided into 3 groups:model control group,Capoten group and Shenkangwan group.Another 8 normal Wistar rats served as normal control.After the rats had been treated for 8 weeks,the mRNA expressions of fibronetin(FN)and TGF-?1 were detected by RT-PCR and the protein expressions of Smad 2,Smad 3 by immunohistochemistry in the renal tissues.Results During the past 8 weeks,the blood glucose of the rats in the model control group was all over 16.7 mmol/L and they exhibited the symptoms of diabetes mellitus,such as excessive thirsty,extreme hunger,frequent urination and unusual weight loss.The mRNA expressions of FN and TGF-?1 in rat renal tissues of model control group were significantly higher than those in the rats of normal control group(P

Ultrasound molecular imaging has become one of the hotspots of molecular imaging because of its advantages of non-invasion, non-radiation, repeatability and real-time dynamic imaging. The key of imaging is to select the appropriate target and ligand to bind to the ultrasound contrast agent. The formation of blood vessels in the development of tumor is a significant feature. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is an important specific molecule on tumor vascular endothelial cells, and which can be used as a target for tumor ultrasound imaging. In recent years, many scholars have carried out related studies on the imaging of ultrasound molecules targeting VEGFR. This paper reviewed the mechanism and application of tumor ultrasound molecular imaging with VEGFR as target in recent years.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion for the treatment of microinflammation in diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods One hundred and twenty-five cases of diabetic nephropathy experienced treatment from July 2014 to December 2015 in author's hospital were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into two groups randomly.The observation group received hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion,and the control group received just hemodialysis therapy.The status of microinflammation and curative effect were compared.Results The effective rate of observation group was 60.6％,while was 45.8％ in control group (P＜0.05).Microinflammation level:compared with control group,SAA,IL-6,IL-17,IL-22,IL-1β,TNF-αand TGF-β1 status of observation group showed decreased trend (P＜0.01).Conclusion Hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion can effectively decreased microinflammation status in diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Shenshuaining dispersible tablets on renal function of rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adenine and explore its action mechanism. METHODS: Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats (the ratio of male to female was 1∶1) were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group, model control group, Niaoduqing group, Shenshuaining dispersible tablets groups (high, middle and low doses). All groups except the normal control were fed with feed containing 0.5% adenine to estabish CRF model. After giving corresponding drugs for 7 weeks, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS), inducing nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), configuration nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD and malonaldehyde (MDA) were detected. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the levels of NO,T-NOS, cNOS, T-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD markedly decreased, and the iNOS and MDA contents were significantly increased in adenine-induced CRF rats. Shenshuaining dispersible tablets could markedly ameliorate the above indexes. CONCLUSION: Shenshuaining dispersible tablets could effectively ameliorate renal function. The mechanism might be related to the enhanced body's antioxidation abiliy, reduced damage of free radical and increased synthesis of cNOS and NO which possess protective effect on renal function.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism in the pregnant women to improve maternal and infant healthy. Methods 47 cases of pregnant women with hyperthyroidism were divided into the treatment group receiving anti-thyroid drug PTU and the non-treatment group, and 30 cases of normal pregnant women served as control. The levels of serum T 3, T 4, TSH, FT 3 and FT 4 were measured before delivery, and the neonatal thyroid functions were evaluated by detecting the levels of T 3,T 4 and TSH of umbilical blood, as well as peripheral blood at 3th, 5th and 7th days after birth. Results The levels of T 3,T 4, TSH,FT 3 and FT 4 in the non-treatment group were significantly higher than those in the treatment group and control group(P

Objective To report the 5-10 years clinical follow-up results of patients who underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in order to verify the interim and long term results, as well as the incidence and risk factors of restenosis. Methods From January 1996 to June 2001, 83 patients including 12 males and 71 females, with age of 20-68 years old (mean age of 41.56?10.68 years old). The clinical data and echocardiography before and 2 days after PBMV, and 5-10 years (mean 3.1?2.4 years) follow up were studied retrospectively by the SPSS software. Results The mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 1.05?50.23 cm2 before PBMV to 1.98?0.27 cm2 2 days after PBMV (P

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cardiomegaly ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology