Diabetic retinopathy (DR),one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus,leads to the increasing blindness rate,which seriously affects the quality of life in diabetic patients.Although the actual mechanism of DR is not yet completely clear,mounting evidence suggests that the development of DR may be associated with inflammatory processes and inflammatory factors,such as C-reactive protein (CRP),chemotatic factor,adhesion molecule,interleukin,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),serum amyloid A (SAA).Usage of glucocorticoids,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),minocycline and anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit inflammatory process would be a new approach to the treatment of DR.This article reviews the current studies about the effects of inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factor in the pathogenesis of DR,mechanism of suppressing inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory factor in the treatment of DR.

AIM: To optimize technique for preparing curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles by film-ultrasonic dispersion. METHODS: The influence of various factors,including the consumption of curcumin,stearic acid,lecithin and tween-80,and their effects on the entrapment efficiency and the ratio of loading drug were investigated.And the optimum formula was selected through uniform design test. RESULTS: Under the condition of 30 mg of curcumin,60 mg of lecithin,117 mg of stearic acid and 10 mL of tween-80(1.0%) curcumin solid lipid nanoparticals had good size distributions.The mean particle size diameter was 58.0 nm and the average entrapment efficiency and the ratio of loading drug approached 95.98% and 15.87%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The technique for preparing curcumin solid lipid nanoparticals N by film ultrasonic method is feasible.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of myocardial damage by combined determination of cardiac troponin I(cTnI),myoglobin(MYO) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB mass(CK-MB mass) in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods The concentrations of serum cTnI,MYO and CK-MB mass were measured in 148 patients with HIE(61 mild,52 moderate and 35 severe) and in 60 healthy subjects by microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassay.Results The study revealed that patients with severe and moderate HIE had sighifieant high levels of cTnI,MYO and CK-MB mass as compared with those with mild HIE and controls(analysis of variance ,P0.05).Not only in mild HIE but also in moderate HIE as well as in severe HIE in the first day of life,the abnormal ratio of MYO were the highest.In the third day of life,the seroprevalence of cTnI,MYO and CK-MB mass in mild HIE group were 6.56%,9.84% and 8.20%,respectively;and those of moderate HIE group were 42.31%,44.23% and 42.31%,respectively;and severe HIE group had the highest abnormal ratio of cTnI(77.14%),MYO(74.29%) and CK-MB mass(77.14%).After the third day,the concentration of MYO in three HIE groups kept reduced but the CK-MB mass and cTnI increased to the peak and maintained above one week at higher levels.Conclusion There is a close association between the cardiac dysfunction and cerebral injury in neonates with HIE.The more cerebral injury the patients have,the more severe cardiac dysfunction they would suffer.

OBJECTIVE To analyze and evaluate the risk factors,clinical characteristics and prevention counter-measures of hospital fungal infection in patients with gynecological malignant tumors.METHODS The clinical data of hospital fungal infection in 19 cases from 213 tumor patients were reviewed.RESULTS The infection rate was up to 8.92%.The locations of infection were genital tract(73.68%) and then the mouth cavity(21.05%);the key fungi were Candida albicans and C.glablata.CONCLUSIONS The key to reduction of hospital fungal infection after malignant tumors is to reduce susceptible factors,enhance immunity and timely examine and treat the infection.

It is necessary to have a research on dental fluorosis in a population to minimize the prevalence and severity of caries.It is important to research the pathogenesis of enamel fluorosis and prevention and control of dental fluorosis and caries.This article reviews the progress in chemistry and biology of dental fluorosis.

Objective: To observe the histomorphology/pathology changes and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in drowning rats brain, in an attempt to explore new pathways for treatment of water drowning. Methods: The animal model of freshwater drowning was established with rats. The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control group, drowning-to- death group and 2 min-drowning group (including 5 subgroups survived for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 40 hours after being drowned in water for 2 min [n=10]). Brain indices of rats in each group were detected and the pathological changes of cerebral tissues were observed; the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were detected immunohistochemically and the correlation between them was analyzed. The dynamic blood oxygen saturation was detected in rats survived for 40 h after 2 min-drowning at different points. Results: Brain index of the drowning group and groups surviving for 24, 40 hours after drowning were obviously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Brain indices of the drowning-to-death group and the 24 h, 40 h survival groups were obviously higher than that of the control group; and those of the 3 h, 12 h survival groups were obviously lower than that of the drowning-to-death group but higher than that of the normal control group (P<0.05). The blood oxygen saturation was (59=5)% immediately after drowning and then gradually increased and reached the normal level after 12 h. The cerebral edema appeared 3 h after drowning and was gradually aggravated from 12 h to 24 h after drowning, then slightly relieved 40 h after drowning. There was no expression of HIF-1α in the control group and lower expression in drowning-to-death group; the expression of HIF-1α gradually increased with the increase of drowning period and reached peak 12 h after drowning(P<0.05); the expression of VEGF had a similar pattern to HIF-1α. The expression of HIF-1α was positively correlated with that of VEGF(r=0.629,P<0.05). Conclusion: Freshwater drowning can cause serious cerebral injury. The brain can be protected from oxygen deficiency by promoting synthesis of HIF 1α and subsequent upregulation of VEGF expression.

Objective To investigate the value of T cell subsets predicting stroke-associated infection (SAI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke within 36 hours after symptom onset were included.The peripheral venous blood samples were collected the next morning after admission.A flow cytometry was used to detect T cell subsets.The patients were divided into either an infected group or a non-infected group according to whether they had infection or not in hospital within 2 weeks.The information of the risk factors for ischemic stroke was collected,and the relationship between SAI and related risk factors was analyzed.Results A total of 55 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included,28 of them were in the infected group and 27 were in the non-infected group.The percentages of CD3 +T cells (63.42 ± 8.84％ vs.69.55 ± 10.05％ ; P =0.022) and CD4+ T cells (35.34 ± 7.10％ vs,40.46 ±7.24％; P =0.014),and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (1.23 ±0.38 vs.1.55 ±0.56; P =0.023) in the infected group were significantly lower than those in the non-infected group.The multiple regression analysis showed that the higher NIHSS score (odds ratio [ OR] 1.295,95％ confidence interval [ CI] 1.084 - 1.574; P =0.004) and t he decreased percent age of CD4+ T cells (OR 0.874,95 ％ CI 0.784 - 0.974,P =0.015) were the independent predicting factors for SA1.The percentage of CD4+ T cells ＜ 70.35％ had the best predictive value for the occurrence of SAI (sensitivity 77.8％ and specificity 92.3％).Conclusions The decreased proportion of the auxiliary T cells after the onset of acute ischemic stroke may increase the susceptibility of SAI.The detection of T cell subsets may predict the SAI in a certain degree.

Objective To determine the risk factors for the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the patients after cardiopulmonary bypass has been constructed. Methods Eighty three NYHAⅠor Ⅱ patients, aged 6month-66yr, weighting 7～97 kg, undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, were enrolled in this study. SIRS score was performed during 24 h after the surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: SIRS group(S, SIRS score≥2) and non-SIRS group(U, SIRS score＜2). The risk factors were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence of SIRS was 83.13% . Logistic analysis indicated that arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), retention time, and postoperative heart rate were closely related with the development of SIRS in patients on ICU after cardiopulmonary bypass (OR＝0.518,4.334,3.607,P＜0.05). Conclusions The arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), ICU stay, and heart rate after cardiopulmonary bypass has been constructed can be served as the risk factors for the development of SIRS in patients.

Objective To compare the changes of corneal endothelial cells in early recovery period after 1.8 mm small incision phacoemulsification nucleus chopping and conventional incision phacoemulsification for cataract.Methods Fifty-three patients with cataract were divided into the observation group and control group according to different operation methods.The observation group was treated with 1.8 mm small incision phacoemuisification nucleus chopping while the control group was treated with routine incision phacoemuisification.The visual acuity,degree of astigmatism,corneal endothelial cell indexes and complications were observed.Results The effective ultrasound time and average ultrasonic energy of the observation group were significantly less than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 1 day before operation,the visual acuity,degree of astigmatism,corneal endothelial cell area (ECA) and coefficient of variation (CV) were significantly increased at 1 week and 4 weeks after operation,and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) was significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).The visual acuity and ECD levels of the observation group at 1 day,1 week and 4 weeks after operation were significantly higher than those of the control group,while the degree of astigmatism,ECA and CV were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with the traditional incision phacoemulsification,the damage of 1.8 mm small incision phacoemulsification nucleus chopping to corneal endothelial cells is significantly milder,can reduce the effective ultrasound time and average ultrasonic energy,decrease the degree of astigmatism,improve the visual acuity and decrease the corneal edema.