Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) relies primarily on the presence of accumulated lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (PRE) cells. It has emerged as a valuable tool to detect and evaluate the viability and structural changes of the RPE in live. As a non-invasive, repeatable, simple and efficient means of detection. FAF imaging can provide information of RPE structure and function to assistant the diagnosis of many retinal diseases with other conventional fundus imaging technologies. With quantitative analysis and complementary analysis with other fundus imaging technologies, the FAF features of different retinal diseases will be further understood. This knowledge will not only extend the reasonable and unique clinical applications of FAF, but also will contribute to the understanding the pathogenesis and improving the treatment of many retinal diseases.

This paper deals with the process of the reform and development of the social medical insurance scheme in urban China and the reasons for reform. At the same time, the paper presents the model of financing new urban employees' medical insurance in China.

Objective To evaluate the quantity,category and the distribution of health resources of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in order to advise on optimizing TCM service system.Methods Based on the concept of agglomeration degree,this paper compared and analyzed the agglomeration of TCM resources in terms of medical institutions,their beds and medical workers.Results Currently the agglomeration degree of TCM health resources is found to be low,as TCM medical institutions tend to be small,with most of them being TCM clinics.Conclusions To rationalize the distribution of TCM medical resources,we must increase financial input and provide supportive policies,actively encourage healthy development of TCM medical institutions,strength TCM medical service system development in areas of poor TCM resources.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK), a mechanistic mathematic model, which can simulate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, is being more widely used in pharmaceutical research and development areas. This article reviews primarily the recent advances in the procedure of establishing a PBPK model, including specifying of the PBPK model structure, specification of the tissue model, writing of equations, set of model parameters, simulation and evaluation. Application significance, major challenges and future developments of PBPK model in pharmaceutical areas are also discussed.

Objective To analyze the inter-provincial utilization efficiency of health resources and master the differences between these regions so as to rationalize the allocation of such resources.Methods This paper called into play the data envelopment analysis to survey the efficiency of interprovincial health resourcas utilization,and the Malmquist productivity index method for further breakdown of the total factor productivity.Results Years 2003 to 2008 averaged an yearly growth of 6.8% for the total factor productivity of health resources in 31 provinces;the rate of technological progress was positive,while the annual rate averaged 5.2%;a slight growth of technical efficiency at the growth rate of 1.5%.Conclusion Years 2003 to 2008 saw an increase of varying extent in the total factor productivity,yet an insufficient utilization of health technology in the provinces in general.Compared to the efficiency of the central provinces,low efficiency was found in both the eastern and western regions in China.The westem regions made a faster progress in technology utilization,thus narrowing the gap of health resources among the provinces.

Dysfunction of microRNA (miRNA) is associated with occurrence and development of tumor.MiRNA are very stable in blood serum,significantly tumor-related and tissue-specific.The detection of serum miRNA is convenient,little-invasive and fast,and then serum miRNA can be used as a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis.

Objective:To observe the curative effects of puerarin injection(葛根素注射液) on variant angina pectoris(VAP) and its influences on endothelial functions.Methods:Fortyeight cases with VAP were randomly divided into treated and control group.The treated group was treated with puerarin injection 300500 mg infused intravenously once a day，meanwhile the control group treated with conventional therapy.The therapeutic course was 1014 days for both groups.Before and after using drugs the changes in endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide (NO) were observed in two groups.Results:In both groups after therapy the clinically symptomatic convalescences and changes in electrocardiography (ECG) compared with before therapy had significant differences,but in comparison between two groups the differences had not statistical significant.Otherwise regarding to the ET and NO the differences were significant between treated group and control group.Conclusions:Puerarin injection not only possesses obviously curative effects on symptomatic convalescence and ECG changes but also is able to improve the endothelial functions.

Insufficient financial investments and insufficient raised funds are a common dilemma in mental health service worldwide .The primary sources of mental health financing worldwide are taxes , social insurance , and out-of-pocket expenditure by the patient or family .Government plays the primary role in fund raising .China has a low level of mental health service and poor equity in mental health financing as well as irrational allocation of funds . Mental health financing system in China should be improved by adding the financing system into mental health law and the outline of the central mental health work while making it clear that government , especially central govern-ment, is the main subject of mental health financing .Community mental health should also have the priority over fund allocation in order to increase the efficiency of raising funds .

The G protein-coupled receptor family C,member 5,group A (GPRC5A) gene is known as retinoic acid-induced gene,which is mainly distributed in lung tissue.The expression of GPRC5A in lung cancer is significantly decreased compared with normal lung.GPRC5A leads to lung cancer through knockout mice,which is proven to be a suppressor gene of lung cancer.GPRC5A may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer and a new target for the treatment of lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of radiation pericarditis. Methods From 1982 to 1994, 3582 patients with esophageal carcinoma in the lower or midthoracic segment received radiotherapy. Twenty-five(0.69%) of them developed pericardial effusion in 1.5 - 9.0 years after radiation. One was carcinomatous effusion, whereas the other 24 patients were diagnosed as having radiation pericarditis and treated with pericardiocentesis,cortical hormone,anti-inflammatory drugs and hydragogue diuresis,and so on.Results With managment,pericardial effusion disappeared gradually in 24 patients. Up to now, 12 patients have died: four of constrictive pericarditis, four of metastasis and another four of unknown reasons.The other 12 patients are still alive.Conclusions Due to the possiblility of developing radiation pericarditis, though rare the area on the heart to be irradiated when giving radiotherapy to middle and lower segment esophageal cancer should be kept minimal. Malignant pericardial effusion should be ruled out by tapping and cytology. Pericardioocentesis,corticosteroids and other conservative management are effective. Pericardiolysis or percardiectomy is indicated when recessary.