A newly synthesized Nickel (II) tyrosine complex was screened as potential antimicrobial agent against a number of medically important bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus beta-haemolytica, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenterae) and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp.) strains. were used for antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Agar Disc method. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the complexes was determined against the same pathogenic bacteria and the values were found between 4~64 microg ml(-1). Brine shrimp bioassay was carried out for cytotoxicity measurements of the complexes. The LC50 values were calculated after probit transformation of the resulting mortality data and found to be 6 microg ml(-1).
Agar ; Artemia ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus niger ; Bacteria ; Biological Assay ; Candida albicans ; Escherichia coli ; Fungi ; Mass Screening* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mortality ; Nickel* ; Penicillium ; Shigella ; Streptococcus ; Tyrosine*

Five fungicides such as rovral, bavistin, cupravit, dithane M-45 and thiovit were tested against conidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum. Dithane M-45 was the most effective against the fungus. Rests of the fungicides were more or less effective in the inhibition of conidial germination after 5~30 minutes immersion in 500~2500 ppm concentration. Five plant extracts(leaf extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Lantana camera, Calotropis procera, Azadirachta indica and Vinca rosea) found to be more or less effective against the fungus. 'Dhup' somke have good inhibitory effect on conidial germination of F. oxysporum.
Azadirachta ; Calotropis ; Fungi ; Fusarium* ; Germination* ; Immersion ; Lantana ; Ocimum ; Piper betle* ; Piper* ; Plant Extracts* ; Plants* ; Smoke* ; Vinca

Effect of ethanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Azadirachta indica, Vinca rosea, Tagetes patula, Ocimum sanctum, Colocasia antiquorum, Adhatoda vasica, Moringa oleifera, Datura metel and Curcuma longa leaf on conidial germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigatus were examined. The conidial germination of A. flavus and A. fumigatus were most inhibited by the extract of L. inermis, while that of A. niger was inhibited by A. indica. Other tested plant extracts have a good effect on conidial germination on the selected fungi. The highest mycelial growth of A. flavus (37 mm) was found in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus it (38 and 39 mm) was found in D. metel. The lowest (4, 9 and 6 mm) respectively mycelial growth of these fungi found in L. inermis. The highest sporulation (75 x 10(4)/ml) of A. flavus was counted in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus those (45 x 10(4) and 55 x 10(4)/ml) were in D. metel and the lowest (5 x 10(4), 12 x 10(4) and 9 x 10(4)/ml) respectively sporulation of these fungi counted in L. inermis plant extract medium.
Justicia ; Aspergillus flavus ; Azadirachta ; Catharanthus ; Colocasia ; Curcuma ; Datura metel ; Ethanol ; Fungi* ; Germination* ; Lawsonia Plant ; Moringa oleifera ; Niger ; Ocimum ; Plant Extracts* ; Plants* ; Poultry* ; Tagetes

Twenty plant extracts were tested against mycelial growth, sclerotium formatiom and dry weight of mycelium with sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The highest(90 mm) mycelial growth was measured in Adhatoda vasica, Tegetes erecta, Allium cepa, and Curcuma longa. The lowest(25 mm) was in Azadirachta indica. No mycelial growth was found in any concentration of cow, buffalo, and goat urine. The highest(90 mm) and the lowest(15 mm) mycelial growth were measured in Biomil and Urea, respectively. No mycelial growth was observed in Zinc. The highest(60 mm) and the lowest(2 mm) mycelial growth were recorded in Macuprex(Dodine; 65% WP) and Boron(100% Boric acid and 17% Boron) respectively. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited in Rovral(Iprodione; 50% WP).
Justicia ; Azadirachta ; Buffaloes ; Curcuma ; Fertilizers* ; Goats ; Mycelium ; Onions ; Plant Extracts* ; Plants* ; Urea ; Zinc

This study was conducted to investigate the status of brucellosis in dairy cattle from five selected dairy farms in the Mohammadpur Beribadh area of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2010 to March 2011 in which a total of 334 serum samples from cattle in five herds were screened by the Rose-Bengal plate-agglutination test (RBPT) and the positives were confirmed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). A structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information describing the animals. Overall, 4.20% of the animals were RBPT positive, while subsequent confirmatory tests with I-ELISA revealed that the overall animal-level prevalence derived from the samples was 1.20%. Additionally, the prevalence was relatively higher in females than in males. A significant association was found between abortion, age of the animals, and the occurrence of brucellosis (p < 0.05). Considering the overall low prevalence of brucellosis in the selected farms in the present study, a brucellosis eradication program for dairy farms using a test-and-slaughter policy would be possible.
Animals ; Bangladesh* ; Brucellosis* ; Cattle* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seroepidemiologic Studies