Cerebralvasospasmisthemostcommonandmostdangerouscomplicationofsubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). If it can not be diagnosed and treated early, it w il result in delayed cerebral ischemia and delayed ischemic neurological deficits, and seriously affect the outcomes of patients. SAH can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, causing vasospasm, and leading to brain tissue damage. Numerous studies have show n that the concentrations and activities of numerous metabolites w il change in these pathological physiological processes. Identification of the changes of location, time and trend of these markers has important clinical significance for investigating the mechanism of cerebral vasospasm after SAH and seeking better therapeutic targets. This article review s the molecular markers of cerebral vasospasm after SAH.

MicroRNAs are small,single-stranded and non-coding RNAs.MicroRNAs modulates gene expression by binding themselves to complementary sites of target genes.It had been discovered that micmRNAs modulate sepsis in multiple levels.Through targeting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ,miR-152 and miR-148 impair innate response and antigen presentation,and also suppress proliferation of antigen specific CD4 + T cells; miR-29 family regulate cellular immunity through setting the threshold in thymic involution; MicroRNA-17-92 plays a causative role in B cell lineage; miR-146 and miR-155 down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines through suppressing components of pattern recognition receptors,while miR-132 through acetylcholinesterase degeneration.miR-124 degenerates mRNA of glucocorticoid receptorαand results in glucocorticoid resistant in treatment of sepsis.Immune regulation of microRNAs in sepsis is briefly described in this paper.

Objective To explore the relationship between the neighborhood environment and the residents' suicidal risk and provide evidence for suicide prevention.Methods The study sample consisted of 392young suicides (aged 15-34 years) and 416 community living controls from the same areas of China (randomly selected from 16 rural counties in three provinces).Social factors in the village neighborhoods were measured by the WHO SUPRE-MISS scale of Community Stress and Problems.Psychological autopsy methods and multivariable Logistic regression were employed.Two informants were interviewed to collect the information of each subject.Results It was found that there was positive correlation between the community surrounding score and suicide.The community stress and problems was the main risk factor for suicide(Wald x2 =10.036,P＜0.05,OR=1.323).Family disputes,inconvenience transportation,lack of health care and job security,alcohol abuse,and superstition can increase the suicidal risks among rural young Chinese.It was still indicated that relative poverty,suffering from a mental illness(OR=32.346) were the risk factors; but good education,married and good health were the protective factors for suicide.Conclusion Further improving the social assistance system,solving the existing community stress and problems,building better community environment are needed to reduce the stress of community residents.Psychological screening and the community mental health intervention for high-risk groups should be strengthened to improve residents' response capacity to stress.Those measures can reduce the suicide rate of China rural community residents effectively.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational use of narcotic drugs. METHODS:The utilization of narcotic drugs for inpatients in our hospital during 2012-2014 were collected from HIS,and analyzed statistically in respects of consumption amount,consumption sum,DDDs,B/A,DDC and consumption amount of the different departments,and so on. RESULTS:The quantity and consumption amount of Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets,Oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and Codeine phosphate tablet ranked the first 3 places during 2012-2014. Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets,Oxycodone hy-drochloride sustained-release tablets and Fentanyl transdermal patch(8.4 mg)steadily occupied the first 3 places in the list of con-sumption sum. In the list of DDDs,Fentanyl transdermal patch and Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets took up the first 3 places;Morphine hydrochloride injection,Bucinnazine hydrochloride injection and Meperidine hydrochloride injection occupied the last 3 places. B/A value of Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets and Fentanyl transdermal patch(8.4 mg) in 2012,Oxycodo-ne hydrochloride sustained-release tablets in 2014,Fentanyl transdermal patch(2.5 mg)in 2013 and 2014 were all equal to 1 and synchronized well. Others were all biased. DDC of narcotic drugs kept stable in 3 years,and DDC of Oxycodone hydrochloride sus-tained-release tablets took up the first place,followed by Fentanyl transdermal patch (8.4 mg). Narcotic drugs were consumed in 19 departments,but mainly in the department of oncology and general surgery. In the department of oncology,the consumption amount and sum of oral formulation were both significantly higher than other dosage forms,accounting for more than 88% and 52% respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The variety and dosage form of narcotic drugs could meet the clinical needs and its application is basically reasonable. Besides,the utilization of narcotic drugs in the department of oncology consistent with the basic principles of WHO three steps cancer analgesia treatments.

Objective To observe the curative effect of Chinese herbal medicine decoction combined with mifepristone in the treatment of uterine fibroids and the effects on hormone levels.Methods 100 patients with uterine fibroids were divided into the treatment group and control group according to random number table, 50 cases in each group.The treatment group was given the liquid form joint mifepristone, the control group was given mifepristone.The two groups were treated for a course of 3 months.The sex hormone levels before and after treatment, the symptoms and signs integral related indicators were compared.The clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 84%, which was obviously higher than 66% of the control group (x2=9.88,P<0.05).Compared with before treatment[the control group,LH:(57.2±9.6)U/L,E2:(17.9±6.9)pmol/L,FSF:(32.7±8.5)g/L,P:(17.5±5.2)nmol/L;the treatment group,LH:(56.7±10.2)U/L,E2:(17.3±7.9)pmol/L,FSF:(33.5±7.9)g/L,P:(18.4±3.2)nmol/L], after treatment the levels of sex hormones in the two groups significantly reduced[the control group,LH:(47.5±8.3)U/L,E2:(12.5±3.8)pmol/L,FSF:(18.3±6.9)g/L,P:(14.8±3.2)nmol/L;the treatment group,LH:(38.7±8.1)U/L,E2:(7.5±4.3)pmol/L,FSF:(10.2±5.2)g/L,P:(10.5±4.8)nmol/L],the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine decoction combined with mifepristone in the treatment of uterine fibroids has good clinical curative effect, by increasing the body's immunity, lowering levels of sex hormones in the body, inhibition of smooth muscle tissue, thus to narrow the myoma, improve clinical symptoms, it is worthy of promoting.

The paper described the necessity of establishing standardized residency training system,and introduced the progress of such training on a unified platform in Shanghai since 2010.In its summary of the success and experiences in Shanghai, the authors proposed to step up three-level management,set up a government-funded risk fund;guarantee income and welfare of residents and encourage their sense of belongings;encourage motivation of clinical teachers to enhance training quality;to build a systematic postgraduate medical education system in alignment with the standardized specialists training.

Myocardial fibrosis is the pathological basis of hypertensive heart disease, which is the key to control cardiovascular complications. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the advantage of targeting many components of a system and providing more integrated regulation than modern medicine. While, modern medicine tends to target a single pathological link. This study was aimed to investigate effects and mechanisms in the treatment of myocardial fibrosis in hypertension with TCM from a different perspective, which provided references for clinical treatment.

[Summary] Thyroid nodules are the most common endocrine and metabolic diseases,and most of them are accidental nodules.How to distinguish the state between benign and malignant thyroid nodules is the clinical core problems in diagnosis and treatment.In addition to detailed history collecting and physical examination,highresolution ultrasound,serum thyrotrophin levels,and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) form the basis for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.Endocrinologists should grasp the indications of FNAB.When the pathological finding is unable to distinguish between benign and malignant nodules,molecular or genetic diagnosis should be adopted for further diagnosis.Appropriate treatment is selected according to the definitive results.In this article,we share the whole process that one case with thyroid nodule was diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma and eventually treated with surgery,so as to make clinicians pay more attention to thyroid nodules with standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effects of aerobic combined strength and balance exercise on cognitive function and satisfaction in patients with cognitive impairment no dementia. Methods Four hundred and twenty patients with cognitive impairment no dementia were divided into control group (200 cases) and experimental group (220 cases) by random digits table method. The control group received general health education and rehabilitation training. The experimental group received aerobic combined strength and balance exercise. The patients were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to evaluate their cognition before training, as well as after training. And the patients′satisfaction with the questionnaire was evaluated. Results The total scores of MoCA, scores of name, attention, language, memory and directionafter training were (23.47 ±2.38), (2.77 ±0.42), (5.09 ±0.86), (2.50 ±0.65), (3.42 ±0.68), (5.03 ± 0.10) points in the experimental group, and (21.20±2.55), (2.31±0.76), (4.71±1.10), (2.35±0.70), (2.23±0.81), (4.48±0.96) points in the control group, and there were significant differences, P<0.05. There were no significant differences in the space and abstract thinking between experimental group and control group:(3.61±0.91) points vs. (3.45±1.09) points, (1.83±0.76 ) points vs. (1.72±0.52) points, P>0.05. The scores of satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group:(49.33 ±1.57) points vs. ( 48.20 ±2.14) points, P<0.01. Conclusion The application of aerobic combined strength and balance exercise could improve the cognitive function and patients′satisfaction.

Objective To understand the nurses' evaluation of current grading nursing system.Methods Self-questionnaire was designed and used to investigate 141 clinical nurses coming from three general hospitals sampled conveniently.Results (1)Clinical nurses lacked in-depth study of grading nursing instruction principle;(2)Doctors and nurses lacked the cooperation during the process of identifying the level of care;(3)Level of care was not consistent with the patients' condition and self-care ability;(4)Disease inspection and primary care were not consistent with patients' level of care;(5)Health guidance and mental nursing couldn't meet the actual needs of patients;(6)Senior nurses' evaluation of the implementation of grading nursing was lower than Junior nurses; (7)Clinical nurses held positive attitudes to nurses and patients participating in grading nursing.Conclusions Nurses thought poorly of grading nursing system in operation,it was necessary to improve the content of principles about grading nursing manner,health instruction and psychological nursing,and implement grading nursing system correctly.It was also important to take patients' willingness of participating in care into account.