Consensus ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; complications ; virology

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; pathology ; HIV ; isolation & purification ; HIV Infections ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology

Expression of the natural killer (NK) cell antigen CD56 is uncommon in malignant lymphoma, but when it is, it is almost exclusively of the non-B cell lineage and show a preference for the nasal and nasopharyngeal region. T/NK cell lymphoma is known to be aggressive and refractory to treatment. It is highly associated with the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), but clinical investigations are rarely reported, that is until recently. We report here, on the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of patients with T/NK cell lymphomas and its association with EBV. We reviewed fifty-four cases with peripheral T cell lymphomas in the upper aerodigestive tract between Jan. 1987 and Aug. 1998 from the Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The diagnosis of T/NK cell lymphoma was made according to the expression of the NK cell markers, CD56 antigen and cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon, in tumor specimens, by immunohistochemistry. Epstein-Barr early region (EBER) RNA was detected using in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded sections. Among the 54 cases with malignant lymphomas occurring in the upper aerodigestive tract, 20 had T/NK cell lymphoma (37%). The primary sites of T/NK cell lymphomas were the nasal cavity, 12 cases (60%), the tonsils, 4 cases (20%), the nasopharynx, 2 cases (10%), and the oropharynx, 2 case (10%). There were no differences between the features, at diagnosis or therapeutic modalities for patients with T/NK cell lymphoma and non-T/NK cell lymphoma. The complete remission rate of T/NK cell lymphomas was lower than non-T/NK cell lymphomas (65% vs 85%, p=0.02). The overall survival of T/NK cell lymphomas was 13 months (1-74 month), which was significantly lower than non-T/NK cell lymphomas [60.6% with a median follow up of 22 months (1-101 month, p=0.02)]. Disease free survival of T/NK cell lymphomas was 22 months (4-66 month), significantly lower than non-T/NK cell lymphomas [73.8% with a median follow up of 22 months (2-95 month), p=0.04]. The overall survival rates for T/NK cell lymphomas were significantly lower than for EBV positive non-T/NK cell lymphomas (p=0.018). EBER RNA was detected in the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of all T/NK cell lymphomas, compared to only 17.6% (6 of 34 cases) for non- T/NK cell lymphomas. In conclusion, as patients with T/NK cell lymphomas showed poor clinical outcomes, and a high association with EBV positivity, clinical trials with more investigational therapeutic strategies, and further research into the relationship of EBV infection with pathogenesis of T/NK cell lymphoma is warranted.
Adult ; Aged ; Digestive System Neoplasms/*therapy/virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification ; Human ; *Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphoma/*therapy/virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell/*therapy/virology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms/*therapy/virology ; Treatment Outcome

Carrier State ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged

EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus) is a common herpes virus in patient with lymphatic system tumor, which firstly discovered in the cell line of Burkitt's lymphoma. 90% people worldwide had been infected by EB virus before grown-up, but not all people have the EBV-related disease or tumor. Most EBV infection can not elicit clinical symptoms. EBV infection in tumor of lymphatic system is common. It was early known that the EBV existence may cause the immortalization of normal B cells, which like the tumor cells. It means that EBV plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. EBV Bcrf1 code frame is homology to human IL-10, which is also called viral IL-10, showing immunosuppressive effect similar to the IL-10. IL-10 is also an important immunoregulatory factor, the secretory level of which influences the occurrence and development of lymphatic system diseases; the genotype of SNP site in IL-10 promoter region also associates with secretory level of IL-10. This review discusses the close relation between tumor of lymphatic system, EBV infection and gene polymorphism of IL-10.
Burkitt Lymphoma ; genetics ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; virology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

To analyze the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arising in immunocompetent patients, 56 consecutive cases of gastrointestinal lymphomas (B-cell: 52-cases, T-cell: 3 cases, T/NK-cell: 1 case) occurring in the stomach (33 cases), intestine (22 cases) and esophagus (1 case) were investigated for the presence of EBV using polymerase chain reaction analysis as a screening method followed by EBER-1 RNA and DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry for the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1). Forty-seven cases demonstrated extractable DNA and EBV DNA was detected only in 4 cases. Among the, RNA (EBER-1) and DNA ISH analysis confirmed the presence of the EBV genome in tumor cells in 3 cases (T/NK-cell lymphoma of ileum, gastric high-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma). Only the T/NK cell lymphoma showed diffuse positivity of tumor cells while 2 gastric B-cell lymphomas demonstrated a scattered positive reaction and no cases expressed LMP-1. Nine cases without extractable DNA by the PCR method showed no nuclear signal by EBER-1 ISH. These findings suggest that most sporadic primary gastrointestinal lymphomas in Korea are not associated with EBV.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/virology* ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Genome, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics ; Human ; In Situ Hybridization ; Korea ; Lymphoma/virology* ; Lymphoma/pathology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features, immunophenotypes and the significance of Epstein-Barr virus infection in primary nasal and pharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Shenyang.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty eight cases of primary nasal and pharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were included in this study. The samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies, including CD3 for T-lymphocytes, CD20 for B-lymphocytes, and CD56 and CD57 for NK cells. All cases were reclassified according to the new WHO classification of lymphomas (2001). In situ hybridization detection of EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER-1) was performed in 99 cases.

RESULTSOverall, 101 (63.9%) of the 158 NHL were extranodal NK/T cell lymphomas (nasal type), 23 (14.6%) were nonspecific peripheral T cell lymphomas and the remaining 34 cases (21.5%) were B cell lymphomas. The primary sites of involvement were the nasal cavity (53.2%, 84/158), the tonsil (24.7%, 39/158) and the pharynx (22.1%, 35/158). Among 99 cases studied by EBER-1 in situ hybridization, a positive detection was seen in 70/71 cases (98.6%) of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (nasal type), 8/12 cases (66.7%) of T cell lymphoma, and 7/16 cases (43.8%) of B cell lymphoma.

CONCLUSIONSAmong primary nasal and pharyngeal NK lymphomas, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (nasal type) is the most common type and is strongly associated with EBV infection. The pathological diagnosis of nasal and pharyngeal lymphomas should take considerations of the anatomic sites and immunophenotypical features.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Tonsillar Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Young Adult

In 1964, a new herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was discovered in cultured tumor cells derived from a Burkitt lymphoma (BL) biopsy taken from an African patient. This was a momentous event that reinvigorated research into viruses as a possible cause of human cancers. Subsequent studies demonstrated that EBV was a potent growth-transforming agent for primary B cells, and that all cases of BL carried characteristic chromosomal translocations resulting in constitutive activation of the c-MYC oncogene. These results hinted at simple oncogenic mechanisms that would make Burkitt lymphoma paradigmatic for cancers with viral etiology. In reality, the pathogenesis of this tumor is rather complicated with regard to both the contribution of the virus and the involvement of cellular oncogenes. Here, we review the current understanding of the roles of EBV and c-MYC in the pathogenesis of BL and the implications for new therapeutic strategies to treat this lymphoma.
B-Lymphocytes ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Translocation, Genetic

This study was purposed to investigate the EBV infection status of lymphoma patients from January 2008 to April 2012 in the First Hospital of Peking University. All the candidates have been detected for EBV which was either peripheral blood EBV DNA or ISH EBER in pathology from January 2008 to April 2012. The information on their sex, age, pathological type, peripheral blood EBV DNA and ISH EBER was collected, the positive rate of different EBV tests was studied, and the different characteristics of the EBV(+) and EBV(-) group were also explored. And Kaplan-Meier and Cox survival analysis was applied to investigate the EBV's effect on overall survival of these patients. The results showed that among 169 lymphoma patients, the positive rates of EBV EBER in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma were 84.8%, 72.7% and 40.0%, respectively, and were ranged as the top three. The positive rate of EBV in DLBCL was relatively lower (16.7%) than that in above three types of lymphoma. The positive rate of peripheral blood EBV DNA of the elderly EBV(+) DLBCL was 50%. One out of 10 HL patients was subjected to EBER detection, the result of which was positive. The positive rate of peripheral blood EBV DNA of HL was 10%. Both the T cell lymphoma proportion and the rate of B symptom were higher in EBV(+) group than in EBV(-) group. In all the EBER(+) cases, the difference of OS between EBV(+) and EBV(-) patients was statistically significant. In multiple-factor survival analysis, peripheral blood EBV DNA positive was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in the patients with lymphoma. It is concluded that EBV is closely related to extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Peripheral blood EBV DNA positive is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in lymphoma patients.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; Lymphoma ; virology ; Survival Analysis