Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a recently identified entity that is considered to be a type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a unique immunophenotype and a predilection for the oral cavity of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although its clinical features may help in the differential diagnosis, an extraoral location in a patient without HIV makes it more difficult to suspect clinically. This case report is the first to describe a patient with PBL originating from the jejunum in a 60-yr-old, HIV-seronegative man. Computed tomography of the face, chest and abdomen showed about a 9.4x9.0 cm mass of the proximal jejunum, multiple masses in the musculoskeletal soft tissue, and multiple lymphadenopathies. The histological examinations demonstrated a large cell lymphoma with plasmablastic differentiation. The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for MUM1, epithelial membrane antigen and lambda light chains, and focally positive for CD79a; but negative for CD3, CD20, CD30, CD34, CD45RO, CD56, CD99, and CD117. The proliferation index by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was approximately 70%. These findings were compatible with the diagnosis of PBL. The findings in this case suggest that PBL should be included in the differential diagnosis of a small bowel mass even in a HIV-negative patient.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Jejunal Neoplasms/immunology/*pathology/therapy ; Jejunum/immunology/*pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/immunology/*pathology/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features, diagnosis and therapy of hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous T cell lymphoma.

METHODSThe clinical presentations and the findings of laboratory examinations and skin biopsy of affected tissue in a child with hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous T cell lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThe child manifested as rash, fever and lymph node intumesce. Rash was pantomorphia, including edematous erythema, vesicles, crusts, necrosis and depressed scar, and it was mild in winter and severe in summer, mainly involving in the face and extremities. Epstein-Barre virus (EBV)-IgM was positive. Histopathological findings revealed focal lymphocyte invasion in subcutaneous panniculus adiposus, mainly surrounding the blood vessels. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3 (+), CD43 (+), CD20 (-), pax-5 (-), TIA (+), CD5 (+), CD8 (+), Granmye (+) and CD4 (-). The clinical symptoms were improved after glucocorticoid treatment in this child.

CONCLUSIONSHydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous T cell lymphoma has special clinical manifestations. This disorder may be definitely diagnosed by skin biopsy of affected tissue and immunohistochemistry assay. Glucocorticoid treatment is effective. EBV infection may be related to the development of this disorder.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroa Vacciniforme ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; Skin ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a recombinant immunoreceptor combining an antibody-derived targeting fragment with signaling domains capable of activating cells, which endows T cells with the ability to recognize tumor-associated surface antigens independent of the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Recent early-phase clinical trials of CAR-modified T (CAR-T) cells for relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies have demonstrated promising results (that is, anti-CD19 CAR-T in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)). Given this success, broadening the clinical experience of CAR-T cell therapy beyond hematological malignancies has been actively investigated. Here we discuss the basic design of CAR and review the clinical results from the studies of CAR-T cells in B cell leukemia and lymphoma, and several solid tumors. We additionally discuss the major challenges in the further development and strategies for increasing anti-tumor activity and safety, as well as for successful commercial translation.
Animals ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunotherapy ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; transplantation

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells for the induction and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We tested whether bone marrow derived DCs are capable of inducing protective immunity against a murine lymphoma (A20). DCs were grown from tumor-bearing BALB/c mice by culturing bone marrow cells. BALB/c mice were injected (sc) with A20 cells on day 0. Intraperitoneal immunization with DCs mixed with lethally irradiated A20 cells were started when the tumor reached ca. 4-5 mm in diameter (Group A) or on day -7 (Group B). Booster immunizations were given every 3-4 days for four weeks. By 31 days in group A, there was a significant reduction in tumor growth in the mice immunized with DCs mixed with irradiated A20 cells as compared with the control groups (p=0.016). In group B, tumor growth was completely inhibited and there was no tumor growth following extended observations after completion of immunization. Thus, DCs mixed with irradiated tumor cells can induce an antitumor effect. This provides a rationale for the use of DCs mixed with irradiated tumor cells in immunotherapy for minimal residual disease of lymphomas.
Animals ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells/immunology ; Cell Division/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/transplantation ; Female ; Immunization/*methods ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphoma/*immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).

METHODSFrom January 1999 to April 2005, 305 patients with newly diagnosed ALL were enrolled in protocol ALL-XH-99. The clinical characteristics of these children were analysed.

RESULTSOf 305 childhood ALL patients, 43 were T-ALL. There were 34 males among the 43 T-ALLs. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.8 (2.2 to 16.4) years, 29 (67.4%) cases of them were older than 10 years, and 27 (62.8%) cases had initial WBC count more than 50 x 10(9)/L. In comparison with that of B cell ALL (B-ALL), the percentages of age older than 10 years, initial WBC count more than 50 x 10(9)/ L, prednisone poor response (PPR), and failed to achieve remission at day 19 of induction chemotherapy in the T-ALLs were all higher. No statistic difference was found in sex between them. The eight-year event-free survival (EFS), relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were (40.2 +/- 10.1)%, (51.4 +/- 11.6)% and (49.8 +/- 9.9)% for T-ALL, and (72.1-3.0)%, (83.2 +/- 2.7)%, and (76.6 +/- 2.9)% for B-ALL, respectively, being differed significantly between the two types of ALL (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere were statistic differences between T-cell and B-cell childhood ALLs in age, initial WBC count, early response to therapy, and eight-year EFS and RFS. Childhood T-ALL was associated with a worse prognosis than other sub-types of childhood ALL.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Prognosis

B-Lymphocytes ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the immunophenotype and chromosome karyotype characteristics of leukemic stem cells (LSC) in Uyghur leukemia pediatric patients.

METHODSThe morphological features of LSC in culture in vitro was observed by flow cytometry. The immunophenotype was assessed by detective flow cytometry. The chromosome karyotype was analyzed by R-banding technique.

RESULTSThe LSC showed suspended floating colonies growing in the culture medium, and grew well and proliferated constantly in culture over 8 months. Among the 13 children with AML, there were 10 CD34(+)CD38(-)CD123(+) and CD33(+) cases, 10 CD44(+) cases, 10 CD96(+) cases, and 5 CD90(+) cases. Among the 13 children with B-ALL, there were 6 CD34(+)CD20(-)CD19(+) cases, 7 CD9(+) cases, and 5 CD123(+) cases. Among the 9 children with acute T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), there were 5 CD34(+)CD7(-) and CD90(+) cases, and 4 CD123(+) cases. Among the 13 cases of AML, 5 cases showed chromosome translocation t(15;17), one case chromosome translocation t(8;21), and 7 cases showed no chromosome karyotype abnormality. Among the 22 ALL cases, there were chromosome translocation t(12;21) in 1 case, t(9;22) in 3 case, hyperdiploid in 2 cases, and 16 cases without karyotype abnormalities. Twenty-nine children received induction remission therapy. Among them, 12 died, including 9 CD96(-)positive cases and 3 CD96(-)negative cases, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe LSC of Uyghur leukemia pediatric patients in Xinjiang express CD9 and CD19 in ALL, and express CD123 and CD90 simultaneously in ALL and AML. The expression of CD96 is one of factors of poor prognosis.

Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD19 ; metabolism ; Child ; China ; ethnology ; Diploidy ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; immunology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; pathology ; Remission Induction ; Tetraspanin-29 ; metabolism ; Thy-1 Antigens ; metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of rituximab (RTX), a chimeric human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, on lymphoma cell injury induced by X ray irradiation. The human Burkitt EBV-infected and moderate radioresistance lymphoma cells (Namalwa) were used in the this study. Cytotoxicity of rituximab combined with X ray irradiation on Namalwa cells was measured by sulforhodamine B (SRB)-staining; the apoptosis of Namalwa cells was detected by flow cytometry with FITC-Annexin V/PI double staining; the morphologic changes of cells were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the change of intracellular free calcium level ([Ca(2+)]i) in response to irradiation and rituximab was determined by means of the fluorescent dye fluo-3 and confocal microscopy. The results showed that the growth inhibition in Namalwa cells exposed to irradiation was enhanced by treatment with rituximab. Compared with irradiation alone, rituximab combined with irradiation significantly induced the cell apoptosis and a sustained rise of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) level in Namalwa cells; the serial apoptotic appearances of cells could be observed under TEM. It is concluded that rituximab can enhance the sensitivity of lymphoma cells on X ray irradiation as to induce cell more apoptosis, in this process the intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i), as an intracellular signaling molecule probably plays an important role.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Antigens, CD20 ; immunology ; Apoptosis ; Calcium ; analysis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Radiation Tolerance ; drug effects ; Rituximab

The primary ovarian lymphoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis. The incidence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is estimated at 3%. However, a substantial portion of the previously reported cases of ovarian lymphoma actually represented ovarian involvement by more diffuse lymphomatous process. If stringent criteria are used for case selection, true primary ovarian lymphoma usually carries a favorable prognosis. We present a primary malignant lymphoma of ovary accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a 29-yr-old patient. After ablative surgery, the hemoglobin level and the reticulocyte count were normalized. One year following surgery and chemotherapy, the patient is alive and disease free.
Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic/*immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Human ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*complications/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*complications/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo confirm the therapeutic effect of dendritic cell (DC) vaccine on treatment for mice with lymphoma and the protective effect of DC vaccine loaded with different antigens on the tumor-bearing BAL B/c mice.

METHODSFirstly, a mouse tumor model was set up by s. c. inoculation of 1 x 10(6)/mouse A20 tumor cells. Then different DC vaccines were injected, respectively, and the tumor size and survival time were observed. Secondly, the immunized mice with DC vaccines were challenged with A20 tumor cells, and observed whether a new tumor occurred in the mice and the time of survival.

RESULTSThe tumor of mice immunized with Id-DC vaccines grew slower than the controls (mean time of survival was 40.4 days vs. 33.4 days), but statistically not significantly different. The tumor of mice injected with CPP-Id-DC vaccines grew slower than that injected with Id-DC vaccines and controls, and one of 5 mice got CR and the tumor in another one mouse became stable. The median survival time was 70.8 days during a 90-days observation period. The difference was significant (P<0.01). The mice injected with Id-DC vaccines were challenged with A20 tumor cells showed new tumor occurred at 7 - 12 days, and 1 of the 5 mice survived for 60 days. The mice injected with CPP-Id-DC vaccines had no tumor.

CONCLUSIONThe DC loaded with CPP-Id was better than that loaded with Id alone in treating B cell lymphoma, and It can enhance their antitumor responses and prolong the survival time of the A20 tumor animal models. The vaccine of DC loaded with CPP-Id can protect mice from A20 tumor cell challenge.

Animals ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes ; immunology ; Lymphoma ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Peptide Fragments ; therapeutic use ; Peptides ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation