Lymphomas, ranked twelve among all cancers world-wide in the 1990s, in which it is more prevalent in males compared to females. A previous study on lymphomas in East Malaysia for a period of 3 years from 1981-1983 showed that the pattern of lymphomas conformed to the general pattern observed in Asia. Current study reviews lymphoma cases from the Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah between 1997 and 1999, with the aim of investigating if the spectrum and pattern in Sabah has since changed, a decade later. A total of 91 confirmed lymphoma cases were phenotyped with a panel of antibodies and classified using the new WHO proposed list of lymphoid neoplasms. The 1981-1983 series was reviewed and cases reclassified accordingly for comparison. There are 83 (91.2%) NHL and 8 (8.8%) HL cases in this series, a ratio of NHL to HL of 9:1. Of the 83 cases of NHL, 66 (79.5%) were confirmed B-cell type, 13 (15.7%) T-phenotype, 1(1.2%) null cell type and one case unclassified. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most prevalent, (65.1%), followed by Burkitt's lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, (10.6%) each. Lymphoma pattern concurs with the previous series from Sabah, with higher prevalence of diffuse large cell lymphoma and lower incidence of follicular lymphoma and HL, as seen elsewhere in Asia. There is an overall increase in the number of cases of NHL in the 1990s. However, the proportion of T-NHL is reduced when compared to the series in the 1980s.
Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma/*epidemiology ; Lymphoma/pathology ; Malaysia/epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequency of different types of mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas diagnosed in a 4-year period at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, and to study baseline CD30 for potential anti-CD30 targeted therapy in mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma.

METHODSAll cases of mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma diagnosed at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from September 1, 2009 to August 31, 2013, were reviewed. Paraffin-blocks of available 164 consecutive cases were stained for CD30 immunohistochemistry using EnVision protocol.

RESULTSA total of 625 cases of mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas were diagnosed and the most common type was extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type 319 (51.0%) cases, followed by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) (119 cases, 19.0%), peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) (81 cases, 13.0%), and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), including 48 cases (7.7%) of systematic ALCL and 11 cases (1.8%) of primary cutaneous ALCL. Besides ALCL, ENKTL had the highest expression rate of CD30 among the 164 cases, with positivity observed in 41 cases (62.1%, 41/66). Only 1 case of PTCL-NOS was CD30 positive. CD30 was not expressed in all 28 cases of AITL and other rare types of mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma.

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of different types of mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma encountered at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center was similar to that seen in other areas of China and other Asia countries. CD30 expression is different among several types of mature T- and NK-cell lymphoma. In addition to ALCL, ENKTL has the highest expression rate of CD30, which may be a candidate disease for anti-CD30 targeted therapy.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; epidemiology ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes

Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a malignant (cancerous) growth of B or T white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the lymph system. Many lymphoma classifications were proposed. All were based by groups of the original cells, histopathological appearances and clinical features. Purpose: Histological classification of lymph node malignant non - \r\n", u'Hodgkin lymphoma based on the new WHO 2001 classification. Objectives: To apply new WHO 2001 classification of 165 cases of malignant non Hodgkin lymphoma were histopathologically and immunohisto chemically studied at K hospital in Hanoi. Subjects and method: The study included 165 patients with malignant non Hodgkin lymphoma were examined and treated at K hospital in Hanoi from 2000 to 2003. Results: The study based on new WHO 2001 classification of 165 cases of malignant non Hodgkin lymphoma showed results B lymphoma: Diffuse large B - cell lymphoma accounts for 63.3%, follicular lymphoma: 17.5%, small lymphocytic lymphoma: 12.5%, mantle cell lymphoma: 1.7% and the others are at low rate. T lymphoma: large T-cell lymphoma accounts for 35.0%, T lymphoblastic lymphoma: 30.0%, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: 12.5%, peripheral T- cell lymphoma, unspecified: 10.0%, the others are at low rate. Conclusion: We concluded that new WHO classification of malignant non Hodgkin is reproducible in our practice and should be useful in the treatment decision. \r\n', u'
Lymphoma ; Non-Hodgkin/ pathology ; epidemiology Neoplasms by Histologic Type

Lymphoma is one of the most common malignancies in China. In China, there were 6 829 new Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 2 807 deaths in 2020, with 92 834 new non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 54 351 deaths. Due to the complicated pathological subtypes and heterogeity, the treatment strategies for lymphoma vary largely. In recent years, with the deep understanding for the nature of lymphoma, much research progress has been achieved in the diagnosis and treatment, leading to a remarkable improvement in survival outcome of patients. In order to update the progress in the treatment of lymphoma worldwide timely, and further improve the level of standardized diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma in China, the China Anti-cancer Association Lymphoma Committee, Chinese Association for Clinical Oncologists, and Medical Oncology Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare organized experts to formulate "Clinical practice guideline for lympoma in China (2021 Edition)" .
China/epidemiology* ; Hodgkin Disease/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Lymphoma/therapy* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy* ; Medical Oncology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical and pathological features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to evaluate the applicability of the new WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

METHODSAccording to the new WHO classification, a total of 500 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed during the period 1992 - 2003 were reviewed and reappraised with their morphological, immunological and clinical characteristics. Clinical survival analysis was performed in 156 cases that accompanied with follow-up data.

RESULTSAmong 500 cases previously diagnosed as lymphomas, 493 cases (98.6%) were confirmed to be NHL, of which B-cell neoplasms was 69.0% and T/NK-cell neoplasms 29.8%. Overall, 6 subtypes including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PT-un), precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type (MALT) and B-small lymphocytic lymphoma (B-SLL) were among the most common subtypes. In pediatric and young patient populations, the most common subtypes were LBL, DLBCL and Burkitt's lymphoma. The frequency of LBL in all patients, especially in the juniors, was much higher than those reported outside Mainland China, and the frequency of FL was much higher than the reported in Mainland China. The frequency of FL was much higher than the reported in Mainland China. Clinical survivals among different histological subtypes of NHL varied considerably with statistic significance (P < 0.001). Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and SLL demonstrated the best prognosis, LBL and PT-un both the worst, whereas DLBCL and FL had an intermediate prognosis, however, subgrouping of FL according to WHO classification did not reveal a significant survival difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBasing upon the results of a comprehensive survey on the morphologic features, immunophenotyping and clinical data of the above cases, the new WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms is practical and easily applicable for routine pathological evaluation of lymphoproliferaive disorders and in guiding the clinical management. It appears that the diagnostic and grading criteria for FL in Mainland China need to be re-evaluated.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; classification ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; World Health Organization

Global Health ; Hodgkin Disease ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence of lymphoma subtypes in Shanxi according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification, and to compare the figures with those in other parts of the world.

METHODSThe hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of 447 lymphoma cases from the archive files of Shanxi Tumor Hospital were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study was performed using a panel of antibodies, including ALK1, bcl-6, CD (1a, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 15, 20, 23, 30, 43, 56, 68, 79a and 99), cyclin D1, EMA, IgD, kappa, lambda, LMP1, PAX5, TdT and Vs38C. In addition, in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) was carried out. All cases were then reclassified according to the latest WHO classification of lymphoma.

RESULTSOf the 447 cases studied, 385 cases (86.1%) were confirmed to be non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), while 62 cases (13.9%) belonged to classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Of the NHL cases, 68.3% were of B-cell lineage and 30.6% were of T and/or NK-cell lineage. Histiocytic neoplasm accounted for only 0.8% (3 cases). As for the subtyping of NHL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was commonest (35.1%), followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma, NOS (12.0%), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) (11.7%), follicular lymphoma (8.6%), T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (7.0%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (4.2%), B-small lymphocytic lymphoma (3.6%) and mantle cell lymphoma (2.6%). Amongst the 263 cases of B-cell lymphoma, 105 cases (39.9%) expressed immunoglobulin light chain (kappa in 52 cases and lambda in 53 cases) in paraffin sections. Regarding markers for EB virus infection, 14 cases of the B-cell lymphoma gave positive findings with both EBER in-situ hybridization and LMP-1 immunohistochemistry, while 6 of the T/NK-cell lymphoma expressed LMP-1 and 19 showed positive signals for EBER. In NHL, there was discordance in EBER in-situ hybridization and LMP-1 immunohistochemical results. As for HL, EB virus positivity was noted in 37 of the 62 cases (59.7%), including 7 cases of lymphocyte-rich HL, 11 cases of mixed cellularity HL and 19 cases of nodular sclerosis HL. In classic HL, there was complete concordance of results by both EBER in-situ hybridization and LMP-1 immunohistochemistry.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Shanxi is similar to that in America, Australia, Japan and Korea. The incidence of follicular lymphoma however is much lower than America and Australia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Lymphoma ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; epidemiology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; World Health Organization ; Young Adult

We have clinically observed 39 patients with abdominal tumors who were admitted in Severance Hospital during the past 10 years from April 1960 to March 1970. Unfortunately follow-up study couldn't be made. The following results were obtained. 1) Of the total number observed, 25 patients were male and 14 patients female. 2) The majority of the patients, 34 (87%) were under 6 years of age and 20 (51%) were between 1 to 3 years of age. The youngest patient was a 3-month-old female with Wilms' tumor. 3) In our series, Wilms' tumor (15 cases, 38.5%) was the most common and neuroblastoma (8 cases) was next most common tumor in the abdominal cavity. In addition we found another 4 cases of neuroblastoma in other sites. We observed hepatoma (8cases), ovarian tumor (3cases), lymphosarcoma (2cases), mesenteric cyst (one case) and adenoma of the left adrenal gland (one case) in that order of frequency. 4) In 15patients with Wilms' tumor, hypertension was observed in 8 patients and hematuria in 4 patients. Compared with Wilms' tumor, no hematuria was noted in the cases with neuroblastoma and hypertension occurred in 3 of these. 5) On abdominal X-ray, calcification was present in 4 cases with neuroblastoma (50%) and was present in only one of 15 patients with Wilms' tumor. 6) Comparing the sites of metastasis between Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma, 4 of 15 patients with Wilms' tumor had lung metastasis and 4 of 8 patients of neuroblastoma had bony metastasis. Liver metastasis was found at autopsy in one case of neuroblastoma. 7) Three cases of hepatoblastoma were under 2 years of age and three cases of hepatocarcinoma were over 12 years of age. 8) Three cases of ovarian tumor were benign cystic teratoma. Tortion of the ovarian pedicle occurred in one of 3 patients with severe low abdominal pain. All patients were discharged in good condition after salphingo-oophorectomy. 9) One case of lymphosarcoma of the ileum was associated with intussusception. 10) A one year o1d female with adenoma of the left adrenal gland had typical Cushing's syndrome.
Abdominal Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Adolescent ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Korea ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology ; Male ; Mesenteric Cyst/epidemiology ; Nephroblastoma/epidemiology ; Neuroblastoma/epidemiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology

BACKGROUNDThe World Health Organization and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) classification in 2005 promoted the comparisons of primary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL) subtypes between different countries. The relative frequency of PCL varied according to geography. The study aimed to analyze the relative frequency and survival of PCLs in China and to compare the data with the published results from other countries.

METHODSWe analyzed 98 patients with PCLs over a 6-year period and reclassified them according to the most recent WHO-EORTC classification (2005). Disease-specific survival rate and curves according to specific subtypes such as mycosis fungoides, lymphomatoid papulosis, and primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified was also calculated.

RESULTSThe relative rate of PCL in China was distinct from those in Western countries. Our study showed a higher frequency of cutaneous T- and NK-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) (94%), and a lower frequency of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs) (6%). The 5-year survival rate of the total PCLs was 82%. There was no significant difference in the 5-year survival rate (P > 0.05 by Log-rank test) between CTCL (80%) and CBCL (100%).

CONCLUSIONSThe higher percentage of CTCL in China may provide a clue to further study the etiological factors of PCLs. Racial variations in factors such as HLA determinants may play a role in the development of CTCL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

INTRODUCTIONTreatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) using intensive chemotherapy has resulted in high cure rates but also substantial morbidity. Infective complications represent a significant proportion of treatment-related toxicity. The objective of this study was to describe the microbiological aetiology and clinical outcome of episodes of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropaenia in a cohort of children treated for ALL at our institution.

MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients with ALL were treated with either the HKSGALL93 or the Malaysia-Singapore (Ma-Spore) 2003 chemotherapy protocols. The records of 197 patients who completed the intensive phase of treatment, defined as the period of treatment from induction, central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy to reinduction from June 2000 to January 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSThere were a total of 587 episodes of febrile neutropaenia in 197 patients, translating to an overall rate of 2.98 episodes per patient. A causative pathogen was isolated in 22.7% of episodes. An equal proportion of Gram-positive bacteria (36.4%) and Gram-negative bacteria (36.4%) were most frequently isolated followed by viral pathogens (17.4%), fungal pathogens (8.4%) and other bacteria (1.2%). Fungal organisms accounted for a higher proportion of clinically severe episodes of febrile neutropaenia requiring admission to the high-dependency or intensive care unit (23.1%). The overall mortality rate from all episodes was 1.5%.

CONCLUSIONFebrile neutropaenia continues to be of concern in ALL patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. The majority of episodes will not have an identifiable causative organism. Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria were the most common causative pathogens identified. With appropriate antimicrobial therapy and supportive management, the overall risk of mortality from febrile neutropaenia is extremely low.

Candidiasis ; epidemiology ; Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Escherichia coli Infections ; epidemiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; Klebsiella Infections ; epidemiology ; Mycoses ; epidemiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Pseudomonas Infections ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology