Chylous effusion is an unusual complication of malignant neoplasm, usually lymphoma. In cases with cancer, the tumor was usually extensive, and the prognosis was invariably poor with a one year mortality rate of 80%. It was also reported that chylous effusion could also result from liver cirrhosis. The incidence of this complication was reported to be 0.5% in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Here we report a case of 62 year old male with chronic alcoholism history who presented with abdom-inal distension and right cervical mass. He was subsequently diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chylous ascites with liver cirrhosis and treated with chemotherapy. In spite of treatment, lymphoma progressed and the patient expired.
Alcoholism ; Ascites ; Chylous Ascites* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Prognosis

Primary low-grade lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type lymphoma of the bladder is rare. A relationship between MALT lymphoma of the urinary bladder and chronic cystitis has been proposed by some reports. Additionally a relationship between MALT lymphoma of the urinary bladder and Helicobacter pylori has been reported. Here we present a case of regression of urinary bladder MALT lymphoma after antibiotic therapy, using H. pylori eradication protocol in an elderly patient, who had a high risk of treatment related mortality in curative systemic chemotherapy. The patient is a 74-year-old woman who had a history of chronic cystitis. She was diagnosed with stage IIA primary MALT lymphoma of the urinary bladder and was treated with H. pylori eradication triple therapy for 2 weeks. After 2 months, there was a marked regression of the bladder MALT lymphoma lesion in a computed tomography scan of the abdomen.
Abdomen ; Aged* ; Cystitis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Mortality ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Children with Malignant lymphoma who is in the advanced stage at diagnosis or relapses during treatment have a poor prognosis. Recently, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for advanced stage or refractory/relapsed lymphoma performed frequently. However, the role for HSCT for children with malignant lymphoma is still controversial. In this study, we reviewed children with malignant lymphoma who received HSCT and analyzed the results. METHODS: Questionnaires were made and sent to a group of teaching hospitals, with a return of 37 questionnaires from 11 hospitals. 33 patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 4 patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) who received HSCT from 1997 to 2004 in Korea were enrolled in this study. Disease state at diagnosis, relapses during treatment, disease state at HSCT, and survival record were analyzed. All Data were reviewed with the questionnaires from the 11 teaching hospitals. RESULTS: Four patients with HD received HSCT at the 2nd complete remission after relapse. Survival rate for HD was 100% and their follow up duration ranged from 0.2 to 6.2 years (median 2.4 years). The 2-year survival rate for NHL was 68.1+/-9.0% and their follow up duration ranged from 0.1 to 7.6 years (median 1.5 years). The 2-year survival rate in patients with advanced stage at diagnosis and in relapsed/refractory patients were 83.6+/-1.1% and 55.9+/-12.9%, respectively (P=0.12). The mortality asssociated with HSCT was only 1 case, and most of the transplantation related complications did not resulted in death. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that high dose chemotherapy followed by HSCT in children with malignant lymphoma is a safe procedure, which at the same time improves the results of standard treatment.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Hodgkin Disease ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies* ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Survival Rate

p27kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates progression from G1 into S phase. Aberrations in cell cycle control are often observed in tumors d might even be necessary in tumor development. Recent reports showed that low 7kip1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in several tumors and ukemia. To investigate the expression of p27kip1 in malignant lymphomas and ucidate the role of p27kip1 as a possible prognostic indicator, the authors rformed an immunohistochemical staining of p27kip1 correlated with Ki-67 belling index and clinical parameters. p27kip1 expression was reduced variably most malignant lymphomas and inversely correlated with Ki-67 labelling index +AD0-0.0151). Regarding chemotherapeutic response, p271kip1 expression in the mplete remission group showed statistically significant difference in pression compared to the progressive disease group (p+AD0-0.0021). There were gnificant differences in survival between cases with low and high p27kip1 pression (p+AD0-0.0071). In a multivariate Cox analysis, p27kip1 expression was dependent prognostic factors as well as other known prognostic factors cluding age, grade, stage and chemotherapeutic response. In conclusion, the udy suggests that reduced expression of p27kip1 protein may play a role in the thogenesis and biologically aggressive behavior of malignant lymphomas.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/therapeutic use ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human ; Ki-67 Antigen/analysis ; Life Tables ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/mortality ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/chemistry+ACo- ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/physiology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/analysis+ACo- ; Middle Age ; Neoplasm Proteins/physiology ; Neoplasm Proteins/analysis+ACo- ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome

p27kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates progression from G1 into S phase. Aberrations in cell cycle control are often observed in tumors d might even be necessary in tumor development. Recent reports showed that low 7kip1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in several tumors and ukemia. To investigate the expression of p27kip1 in malignant lymphomas and ucidate the role of p27kip1 as a possible prognostic indicator, the authors rformed an immunohistochemical staining of p27kip1 correlated with Ki-67 belling index and clinical parameters. p27kip1 expression was reduced variably most malignant lymphomas and inversely correlated with Ki-67 labelling index +AD0-0.0151). Regarding chemotherapeutic response, p271kip1 expression in the mplete remission group showed statistically significant difference in pression compared to the progressive disease group (p+AD0-0.0021). There were gnificant differences in survival between cases with low and high p27kip1 pression (p+AD0-0.0071). In a multivariate Cox analysis, p27kip1 expression was dependent prognostic factors as well as other known prognostic factors cluding age, grade, stage and chemotherapeutic response. In conclusion, the udy suggests that reduced expression of p27kip1 protein may play a role in the thogenesis and biologically aggressive behavior of malignant lymphomas.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/therapeutic use ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human ; Ki-67 Antigen/analysis ; Life Tables ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/mortality ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/chemistry+ACo- ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/physiology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/analysis+ACo- ; Middle Age ; Neoplasm Proteins/physiology ; Neoplasm Proteins/analysis+ACo- ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, large cohort studies regarding associations between autoimmune disease and lymphomas have been reported in a few Western countries. However, Asian data concerning autoimmune-related lymphomas are limited. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with autoimmune disease-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a single center in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed the data from 11 patients with autoimmune-related NHL. Patients were categorized into two groups, those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with non-RA-related NHL. Then patients were re-categorized into a group with methotrexate (MTX) usage and a MTX non-usage group. Histological subtype, MTX duration, autoimmune disease duration, treatment modalities, and other data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Our study revealed that older RA patients have a greater likelihood of occurrence of NHL (p = 0.042). We confirmed that MTX duration and cumulative dose of MTX have no significant correlation with autoimmune disease and NHL (p = 0.073). In the management of autoimmune disease-related NHL, all patients were directly treated with systemic chemotherapy instead of employing a wait and watch approach. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in all autoimmune disease-related NHL were 100% and 87.5%, with no treatment-related mortality during the 2-year follow-up period of our study. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that patients with RA-NHL are characterized by older age at onset compared to those with non-RA-NHL. Also considering of OS and PFS, intensive treatment strategy instead of delayed watchful managements may be required for autoimmune disease-related NHL including of old age group.
Age of Onset ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Clinical Study* ; Cohort Studies ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Methotrexate ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies*

BACKGROUNDThe prognosis is poor for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The main reason for poor prognosis is multidrug resistance (MDR), for which the main phenotype is overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This study explored the efficacy of ligustrazine as a salvage agent in patients with relapsed or refractory NHL, and the relationship to P-gp expression.

METHODSSixty patients were randomized to a reversal agent group, receiving ligustrazine plus chemotherapy, and a control group, receiving chemotherapy alone. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate P-gp expression.

RESULTSIn the 56 patients we were able to evaluate, there was no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) in the two groups (P = 0.0651), but the reversal agent group had a higher overall response rate (ORR) than did the control group (P = 0.048). Forty-one of 56 patients had P-gp(+) tumor cells. Among these patients, six of eighteen patients in the reversal agent group and in the control group had complete remission or complete remission/unconfirmed (CR+CRu) reflecting a significant advantage in the reversal agent group (P = 0.048). Patients with P-gp(+) tumor cells in the reversal agent group had a higher overall response rate (ORR) than did the control group (11/18 vs. 6/23, P = 0.024). Kaplan-Meier Survival curve and log-rank test demonstrated that patients with P-gp(+) tumor cells in the reversal agent group had longer progression-free survival than did the control group (P = 0.0464). A small number of patients who received ligustrazine had a decrease in blood pressure.

CONCLUSIONLigustrazine as a salvage agent in combination with chemotherapy can elevate response rate, prolong PFS with manageable toxicity, and correlate with P-gp expression in relapsed or refractory NHL.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: High-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have been used for the treatment of clinically aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, the superiority of specific conditioning regimens has not yet been established. The present study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of a conditioning regimen involving fractionated total body irradiation (TBI), and the use of Ara-C and melphalan (TAM) for clinically aggressive NHL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and December 2004, 31 patients with aggressive NHL received fractionated TBI with a dose of 12 Gy over 3 days, and were administered 9 g/m2 Ara-C and 100 mg/m2 melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem Cell Transplantation at the Catholic Hematopoietic Stem cell transplantation Center Korea. Patients that responded to first line chemotherapy and achieved complete remission (CR), or were in a first sensitive relapse were defined as having less advanced disease, while the other patients were defined as having more advanced disease. RESULTS: Objective responses were obtained in 24 of 31 patients (77.4%), comprising complete remission in 19 patients (61.3%) and partial remission in 5 (16.1%) patients. The median follow-up time was 28 months (range 1~62 months). At 3 years, the overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 62.3% and 47.3%, respectively. Patients with less advanced disease and more advanced disease showed 3-year EFS rates of 73.3% and 22.5 %, respectively (p=0.006). Early (within the first 100 days) treatment-related mortality occurred in 3 (9.7%) patients. Of the 31 total patients, 15 (48.4%) developed grade 3 mucositis, 22 (70.9%) developed neutropenic fever, and two (6.5%) developed interstitial pneumonia syndrome >grade 3. CONCLUSION: The modified TAM conditioning regimen and ASCT appear to be a feasible treatment regimen for clinically aggressive NHL, particularly for patients with less advanced disease.
Cytarabine ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Melphalan ; Mortality ; Mucositis ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Recurrence ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells* ; Whole-Body Irradiation

PURPOSE: High survival rate can be obtained in B-cell lymphoma (Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) and L3 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with multiagent chemotherapy. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the treatment outcomes of B-cell lymphoma and L3 ALL diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center. METHODS: The medical records of 32 children who were diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and L3 ALL from March 1992 to July 2004 at Asan Medical Center were reviewed retrospectively. The 5 year event free survival (EFS) according to the diagnosis, age, risk group and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 23 boys and 9 girls. Age ranged from 9 months to 14.4 years old with a median of 7.1 years. Fourteen patients had L3 ALL, 11 had Burkitt's lymphoma and 7 had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Five patients (15.6%) had CNS involvement and 5 with B-cell lymphoma (27.8%, 5/18) had BM involvement. All patients who received appropriate chemotherapy achieved a complete remission (CR), but 18.8% (6/32) relapsed. Among 6 relapsed patients, 5 achieved CR after reinduction chemotherapy. One who had no response to secondary chemotherapy and 2 with isolated CNS relapse died due to disease progression. The most common treatment-related toxicity was myelosuppression (87.5%) followed by neutropenic fever (81.3%). Median follow up is 25 months (3 months to 74 months). Four patients who achieved CR after proper induction therapy (4/32, 12.5%) died, 3 due to relapse and 1 due to toxicity-related complication (neutropenia and sepsis). The 5 year EFS for all patients was 77.5+/-7.5% and the 5 year overall survival was 84.6+/-7.3%. The 5 year EFS of B-cell lymphoma compared with that of L3, ALL was 94.4+/-5.4% versus 55.1+/-13.9% (P=0.012) and 5 year overall survival of relapsed patients was 50.0+/-13.9%. CNS disease at diagnosis, age, LDH had no significant influence on EFS. CONCLUSION: High survival rate of childhood B-cell lymphomas and L3 ALL was obtained with recent intensive multiagent chemotherapy and about 50% of relapsed patients were salvaged with reinduction. High incidence of the treatment-related toxicity such as myelosuppression, neutropenic fever and TLS was observed, but the treatment-related mortality was very low with recent supportive therapies. Survival rate was improved with prompt and appropriate management for the treatment-related toxicity of the intensive chemotherapy.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Oxidoreductases ; Pediatrics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome*

BACKGROUND: The ESHAP chemotherapy regimen, that is, the combination of the etoposide, methylprednisolone, high-dose cytarabine and cisplatin, has been shown to be active against relapsing or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in previous therapeutic trials. We attempted to determine whether ESHAP therapy would be effective and well-tolerated in Korean patients. METHODS: Twenty two patients with refractory or relapsed NHLs (all aggressive types) were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively evaluated the treatment response, the survival rate and the time to progression. RESULTS: Six patients (27.3%) attained complete remission and eight patients (36.4%) attained partial remission. The overall response rate was 63.6%. The median survival duration was 15.5 months (95% confidence interval; 10.7 to 20.3 months), and the median duration of the time to progression was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval; 0.3 to 16.3 months). Myelosuppression was the major toxicity, but severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia was rare, and renal toxicity was also infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: ESHAP regimen is effective in Korean patients suffering with relapsed or refractory NHLs, but a more effective salvage modality is needed because of the short duration of remission and the insignificant impact on long-term survival.
Treatment Failure ; Survival Analysis ; *Salvage Therapy ; Prednisone ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*drug therapy/mortality ; Middle Aged ; Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage ; Male ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Humans ; Female ; Etoposide/administration & dosage ; Disease Progression ; Cytarabine/administration & dosage ; Cisplatin/administration & dosage ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Aged ; Adult ; Adolescent